LB 4-14 Flashcards
Set of nerves that come from the spinal cord, part of the PNS
spinal nerves
Names of all 31 spinal nerves
C1-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5, Co1
Spinal cord ends where
about L1-L2
Five regions of the spinal cord
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
Why there is a difference between segments of spinal cord and vertebral regions
spinal nerves are named for where they exit
Lumbar spine houses what nerves
nerves that go to legs and toes
Enlargements are in the cervical and lumbar portions of the cord because
large amount of cell bodies to maintain fine motor control and high sensations of hands and feet
Nerve roots projecting inferiorly from spinal cord
Cauda equina
Not a nerve, does not exit neural canal, thin strand of pia mater, helps anchor conus medullaris to coccyx
Filum terminale
Tapering end marking the end of the spinal cord
Conus medullaris
Cluster of unipolar cell bodies of primary sensory neurons
posterior root ganglia
Procedure for obtaining CSF in which needle goes into the subarachnoid space around L4
Lumbar puncture
How to tell anterior and posterior horns
look for posterior root ganglia
Gray matter in the spinal cord is divided how
Posterior, anterior, lateral horns
White matter that goes up and down in the spinal cord is divided how
Posterior, later, and anterior funiculi
For spinal nerves C1-C7, they are named for what
the bone below them
For spinal nerve C8, it is located where
between C7 bone and T1 bone
T1 spinal nerve and on down is named for what
the bone above it
Dorsal ramus goes where
skin and muscles in back
Anterior ramus goes where
everything in front of the back, muscles and skin
Network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves
nerve plexus
Plexus that comes from C1-C4 and some of C5, controls muscles of the neck and diaphragm, major derivative nerve is phrenic nerve
Cervical plexus
Phrenic nerve controls
diaphragm
Plexus that comes from C5-T1, controls arms and shoulders, derivative nerves are radial and ulnar nerves
Brachial plexus
Radial and ulnar nerves innervates
forearm and hands
Plexus that comes from L1-L4, controls anterior thigh, derivative nerve is femoral nerve
Lumbar plexus
Femoral nerve innervates
anterior thigh
Plexus that comes from L4-S4, controls posterior and lower leg, derivative nerve is sciatic nerve
Sacral Plexus
Largest nerve in the body that innervates most of leg, posterior and lower
sciatic nerve
Primary pathway for sensory and motor nerve signals, secondarily responsible for some specific reflexes which are our quickest reactions to a stimulus
function of the spinal cord
What is the length of the spinal cord at birth
9.6 in
What is the length of the spinal cord at adulthood
16-18 in
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the cervical part of the cord
8
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the thoracic part of the cord
12
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the lumbar part of the cord
5
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the sacral part of the cord
5
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the coccygeal part of the cord
1
A network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves. The anterior rami of most spinal nerves form _________ on both the right and left sides of the body
nerve plexuses
What are the 5 spinal cord subdivisions
cervical part, thoracic part, lumbar part, sacral part, coccygeal part
What is the tapered end of the spinal cord called
conus medullaris
Collection of spinal nerves that arise from inferior end of spinal cord
cauda equina
Extension of pia mater that attached spinal cord coccyx
filum terminale
What does the filum terminale eventually become
Inferior anchor of the spinal cord
Name the spinal cord meninges from most superficial to deep
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Space deep to the arachnoid mater that contains CSF
subarachnoid space
What procedures are performed in the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord
lumbar puncture
Matter in the spinal cord dominated by neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and unmyelinated axons
gray matter
Matter in the spinal cord composed primarily of myelinated axons that extend to and from the brain
white matter
Four parts of the gray matter of the spinal cord
anterior horns, lateral horns, posterior horns, and the gray commissure
Part of the gray matter of the spinal cord containing cell bodies of somatic motor neurons which innervate skeletal muscle
anterior horns
Part of the gray matter of the spinal cord containing cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons which innervate cardiac muscle
lateral horns
Part of the gray matter of the spinal cord containing axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons
posterior horns
Part of the gray matter of the spinal cord containing a horizontal bar of gray matter that surrounds a narrow central canal, contains unmyelinated axons, serves as communication route between right and left sides of the gray matter
gray commissure
Also known as the ependymal canal, is the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space that runs longitudinally through the length of the entire spinal cord
central canal
What functional type of neuron travels out the anterior root
Ventral/anterior root contains motor axons
What functional type of neuron travels in through the posterior root
Dorsal/posterior root contains sensory axon
What does the posterior root ganglion contain
Sensory nerve cell bodies
Contains neuron cell bodies of sympathetic neurons
sympathetic trunk ganglion
What does the phrenic nerve innervate
diaphragm
Cervical plexus comes from what nerves
C1-C4
Cervical plexus controls what
neck and diaphragm
Major derivative nerve of cervical plexus
phrenic nerve
Phrenic nerve controls what
diaphragm
Brachial plexus comes from what nerves
C5-T1
Brachial plexus control what
arms and shoulders
Major derivative nerve of brachial plexus
radial and ulnar nerves
Lumbar plexus comes from what nerves
L1-L4
Lumbar plexus control what
anterior thigh
Major derivative nerve of lumbar plexus
femoral nerve
Sacral plexus comes from what nerves
L4-S4
Sacral plexus controls what
posterior and lower leg
Major derivative nerve of sacral plexus
sciatic nerve
