Lec 38 Flashcards
Interphase
Organelles double in number or volume
DNA replication
Centrosome replication
Cell elongates (plant cells)
Prophase
Centrosomes move to poles
Chromosomes condense
Prometaphase
Nuclear envelop is gone
MT connects to targets
Metaphase
Chromosomes move to the middle
Anaphase
Chromatids separate
Chromosomes move to poles
Cell elongates (animal cells)
Telophase
Chromosomes de-condense
Nuclear envelop reforms
Cytokinesis
Contractile ring (animal cells)
Vesicles containing cellulose (plant cells)
Chromosome proteins
Histones
Balls of eight little proteins
wrapped in DNA
Compacts DNA
Cohesion rings
Larger heterotrimer rings made of three polypeptides
Put onto DNA before DNA replication in G1
After DNA replication, they trap chromatids together
Condensins
Similar to cohesions
Compacts and condenses DNA during prophase
Kinetochore proteins
Allows MTs to connect to centromere DNA
Cellulose
Polysaccharide
Cellulose rings allow water in to make the plant cell to expand into a rectangle
Water is always trying to get
into plant cells
Intermediate filaments during interphase
Allow formation of nucleus
Surrounded by nuclear membrane
IFs during prometaphase
Are broken down and deactivated
undone during telophase
Nuclear membrane during prometaphase
goes to corner of the cell
undone during telophase
Microtubules during prometaphase
are named by what they are attached to
3 types of MTs
Aster Mts- inner surface of plasma membrane
Kinetochore MTs
Interpolar MTs- MTs from opposite pole
Kinetochore MTs
MTs search for and capture chromosomes and move them to the middle of the cell during metaphase
Kinetochore MTs during anaphase
Disassemble
Aster MTs
Anchor centrosomes
Interpolar MTs
Elongate the cells for animal cells
Anaphase A involves
Chromosomes being pulled toward centrosomes
using kinetochore MTs
Anaphase B
Centrosomes move apart
Done by interpolar MTs and Aster MTs
