Lec 36 Flashcards
Estradiol site of origin
Ovary
Estradiol (estrogen)
Chemical nature
Steroid (derivative of cholesterol)
Estrogen actions
Induces and maintain secondary female chracteristics
Steroid hormones are
Hydrophobic molecules
Made from cholesterol
Globulin proteins
Carry steroid hormones in circulatory system
Steroid hormone receptors
Intracellular receptors (inside the cell)
Nuclear receptor protein binds to hormone after it crosses the membrane
Transcription factors
steroid hormones
Receptor hormone complex binds to regulatory region of target gene and activates transcription
Estrogen is a
Category
Estradiol is a
Specific molecule
Androgens is a
Category
Testosterone is a
Specific molecule
Purpose of estrogen signaling
Sex determination of females
Mammalian embryo step 1
Uncommitted gonad is turned into a ovary or teste by sexual transcription factors
Mammalian embryo step 2
Ovaries and testes make sex hormones
Mammalian embryo step 3
Sex hormones travel to other cells
Target cells of these sex hormones
Are both estrogen and androgen receptors because they do not know which cell they are going to receive
Mammalian embryo step 4
Sex hormones are delivered on carrier proteins
Mammalian embryo step 5
Sex hormones bind to its associated receptor and enter the complex enters the nucleus and activates a specific effect to that gender
Estrogen is delivered by
SHBG which also delivers testosterone
Medical significance of estrogen
High level of estrogen indicates pregnancy
Birth control pills
Increases estrogen to make the body think it is pregnant and prevent the release of oocytes
Too many estrogen receptors can cause
Cancer
