Lec 1-4

Question 1

Small intestine

Answer 1

Absorb food and is the site where nutrients are removed

Question 2

How to increase surface area of small intestine to extract more nutirents

Answer 2

Organ is very long and has many folds

Also has villi and microvilli to increase Surface Area

Question 3

Villus

Answer 3

Little fingers that have 100s of cells within

The more cells, the more nutrients that can be brought into the villus from the gut

Question 4

Absorptive cells

Answer 4

Bring in nutrients

in the majority

Gut cells

Have transport proteins to bring AA

Have microvilli

Cell-cell connections

Question 5

Goblet cells

Answer 5

Release things into the gut

Release mucous that protects lining of intestines

Vesicles in the cells fuse to intestine membrane and release mucous

Question 6

Paneth cells

Answer 6

Release things into the gut

Export anti-bacterial proteins into the gut

Triangular shaped

Question 7

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs)

Answer 7

Release things into the gut

Export hormones into the blood downward

Tell us if we are hungry or not with hormones

Question 8

How are villus cells lost

Answer 8

Cells at the top are lost and need to be replaced

Question 9

How are villus cells replaced

Answer 9

Stem cells

Question 10

Stem cells

Answer 10

Cells that can reproduce into more stem cells or a type of cell that can mature and be differentiated

Question 11

Villus stem cells

Answer 11

Villus has replacement stem cells at bottom that differentiate and move in to replace dead cells at the top

Question 12

First stem cell decision

Answer 12

Will it become an Absorptive Cell

OR

Goblet cell, Paneth cell, or EEC

Question 13

Stem cell second decision

Answer 13

Will it become an EEC

OR

A Goblet cell or Paneth cell

Question 14

Stem cell third decision

Answer 14

Will it become a Goblet cell or Paneth cell