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BIOL 201 > Lec 34 > Flashcards

Lec 34 Flashcards

1
Q

Adenaline

A

Epinephrine

Signal molecule

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2
Q

Adrenaline origin

A

Adrenal gland

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3
Q

Adrenaline actions

A

Increases blood pressure, heart rate, and metabolism

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4
Q

Endocrine signaling overview

A

Endocrine cell releases hormone that enters the bloodstream and lands on a receptor of the target cell

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5
Q

Cell surface receptors

A

Receptor on the surface receives signal molecule and causes an effect on the target cell

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6
Q

G coupled protein receptor includes

A

Receptor

G protein

Enzyme

all inactive before a signal

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7
Q

When a signal arrives

A

Activates receptor which activates the enzyme which leads to the enzyme synthesizing a molecule

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8
Q

Kinase

A

Kinases put phosphates onto target proteins

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9
Q

Purpose of phosphorylation

A

Activating a target protein

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10
Q

How kinases work

A

Are either on at a high level or have zero activity

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11
Q

How a target cell becomes inactive

A

Phosphatase (opposite of kinase)

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12
Q

Phosphatase is always

A

Active

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13
Q

Kinase is

A

Not always activated

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14
Q

Adrenaline signaling purpose

A

Fight or flight

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15
Q

Adrenaline activation

A

It is released by the adrenal glands on top of the kidneys

Released by regulated exocytosis

Reaches adrenaline receptor which activates G protein which activates Adenylyl Cyclase enzyme

Which then makes cyclic AMP from ATP

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16
Q

cAMP prupose

A

Activates Protein Kinase A

17
Q

PKA

A

Phosphorylates certain target proteins

18
Q

Liver cells PKA response

A

Break down glycogen

19
Q

Skeletal muscle cells PKA response

A

Breaks down glycogen to make ATP

20
Q

Heart pacemaker cell PKA

A

Increase action potentials to increase heart rate

21
Q

Deactivation of adrenaline

A

Removal of adrenaline by diffusion, degradation, and uptake

Turns off Adrenaline Receptor, G protein, and Adenylyl Cyclase enzyme

cAMP however still remains

22
Q

cAMP removal

A

Phosphodiesterase (PDEs) break it down into AMP

23
Q

Medical significance of adrenaline signal system

A

EpiPens

24
Q

EpiPens

A

Injections of adrenaline to treat severe allergic reactions

25
Q

Bee sting allergic reaction

A

Lower blood pressure (can faint)

Diaphragm contract (harder to breathe)

26
Q

EpiPen response to bee sting

A

Raising blood pressure to make it easier to take in oxygen

Relaxing diaphragm to make breathing easier

BIOL 201 (44 decks)

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