lec 35

Question 1

Insulin site of origin

Answer 1

Beta (B) cells of pancreas

Question 2

Insulin chemical nature

Answer 2

Protein

Question 3

Actions of insulin

Answer 3

Stimulates glucose uptake, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis in various cell types

Question 4

Enzyme coupled receptor

Step 1

Answer 4

Signal molecule dimerizes the receptor

Question 5

Dimerization

Answer 5

Joining two identical molecules together

Question 6

Enzyme coupled receptor
Step 2

Answer 6

Dimerized receptor phosphorylates itself

Question 7

Enzyme coupled receptor
Step 3

Answer 7

Phosphorylated receptor activates other target proteins

Question 8

Undoing Enzyme coupled receptor

Answer 8

Getting rid of signal (receptor becomes inactive and Target cells lose phosphates and do not work)

Question 9

Glucose

Answer 9

Mobile carbohydrates for animals

Question 10

Glucose increases

Answer 10

After meals

Question 11

Pancreas

Answer 11

Makes digestive enzymes for guls

Question 12

Islet cells

Answer 12

Alpha and beta

Question 13

Alpha islet cells

Answer 13

Release glucagon proteins when blood glucose is low

Question 14

Glucagon

Answer 14

Binds to receptor that cause glycogen in liver cells to release glucose

Question 15

Beta islet cells

Answer 15

Release insulin when blood glucose is high

Question 16

Purpose of insulin signaling

Answer 16

To let other cells in the body know that glucose is high

Question 17

Insulin is released by

Answer 17

Regulated exocytosis

Question 18

Insulin receptors

Answer 18

Unusual that subunits are loosely attached but too far to function

Question 19

Insulin receptors are not a

Answer 19

Tetramer but rather a dimer (

Question 20

Insulin brings

Answer 20

Subunits together to activate receptor

Phosphorylation occurs to target cells

Question 21

Responses to insulin comes from

Answer 21

Fat cells and muscle cells

Question 22

Cells will

in response to insulin

Answer 22

Import and store glucose in plasma membrane

Question 23

Kinase cascade

Answer 23

Series of kinases used to transport and store glucose in the plasma membrane

Question 24

Insulin

Glycogen synthase

Answer 24

Activates

Question 25

Insulin Glycogen Breakdown

Answer 25

Decreases

Question 26

Deactivation of insulin

Answer 26

Remove insulin and receptor turns off Phosphatases will remove phosphate from target cell and turn target cells off

Question 27

Bringing glucose transporters back into the cell from the membrane is done by

Answer 27

Pinocytosis (gather into a transport vesicle and store them inside)

Question 28

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 28

Inability to regulate blood glucose

Question 29

Too little glucose causes

Answer 29

Fainting Hypoglycemia

Question 30

Too much glucose causes

Answer 30

Organ damage Hyperglycemia

Question 31

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 31

Problem with insulin (signal)T

Question 32

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 32

Problem with insulin receptor

Question 33

Most common causes of type 1 diabetes

Answer 33

Body kills insulin

Question 34

Type 2 diabetes most common cause

Answer 34

Prolonged overeating Cells block out insulin

Question 35

Treating diabetes mellitus

Answer 35

Insulin shots

Question 36

How to treat diabetes

Answer 36

Monitoring blood glucose Synthetic insulin Healthy diet

Question 37

Edmonton Protocol

Answer 37

Islet cells are placed in liver where they won't be attacked and can make insulin For type 1 diabetes