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BIOL 201 > Lec 26 > Flashcards

Lec 26 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of plant color

A

Photosynthesis

Pollen/seed dispersal

Protection

A mutant appearance is preferred by people

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2
Q

Plant pigments

A

Small organic molecules

Absorb certain wavelengths of light

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3
Q

Pigments use

A

Subtractive mixing

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4
Q

Chlorophylls

A

Green

Found in Chloroplasts

Photosynthesis

Harvest sunlight

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5
Q

Carotenoids

A

Orange/red

Found in chloroplasts for photosynth

Found in chromoplasts for color

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6
Q

Anthrocyanins

A

Red/purple/blue

Found in the central vacuole

Function: Coloration, UV protection

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7
Q

Leaves purpose

A

Photosynthesis

Gas exchange

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8
Q

Leave structures

A

Broad leaves

Needles

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9
Q

Larch tree

A

Conifer because it has needles and deciduous because it sheds them in the autumn

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10
Q

Leaf color

A

Green

Chloroplasts

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11
Q

White leaves means

A

Defective chloroplasts

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12
Q

Purple leaves mean

A

Anthocyanins for UV protection

or

Camouflage

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13
Q

Entirely white plants

A

No chloroplasts

ex. Ghost plants feed on other plants

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14
Q

Photoautotroph

A

Gets energy from the sun

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15
Q

Chemoautotroph

A

Eats other organisms

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16
Q

Venus fly traps are

A

Photoautotrophs

They only eat insects for nitrogen

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17
Q

Green –> orange/yellow

A

Removal of chlorophylls reveals carotenoids

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18
Q

Why are pigments being removed

A

Chlorophylls contain nitrogen so they must be salvaged

Carotenoids are not needed

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19
Q

Green –> red

A

Synthesis of new anthocyanins during chlorophyll removal

20
Q

Flowers purpose

A

Pollen dispersal using hungry birds, bats, insects

21
Q

Flowers produce

A

Nectar

22
Q

Nectar is made of

A

Sucrose glucose fructose

23
Q

Nectar attracts

A

Animals like bees who also move pollen from male plants to female plants

24
Q

Which gender plant makes more nectar

A

Female flowers so that the animals are more incentivized to visit them and bring pollen

25
Q

Single flower

A

Reproductive parts in the middle

Attraction parts on the outside (petals)

26
Q

Flower clusters (inflorescences)

A

Little flowers in the middle for reproduction

Other little flowers on the outside to attract insects (ray flowers)

27
Q

Flowers + leaves

A

Little flowers in the middle for reproduction

Leaves with a certain pigment to attract animals

28
Q

Yellow and orange means

A

Carotenoids in chromoplasts

29
Q

Red purple or blue means

A

Anthocyanins

30
Q

Flowers with bright colors attract

A

Birds and bees

31
Q

Flowers that attract beetles use

A

Scent rather than color

32
Q

Flowers that attract nocturnal animals use

A

Scent not color

eg. cactus

33
Q

Color changing plants

A

Central vacuoles are acidic because of ATP powered proton pumps

Petal cells expand when water enters the central vacuole

The central vacuole contains

some pH sensitive pigments

34
Q

Color changing plants

NHX1

A

H+ powered K+ antiport transporter that moves K+ ions into the central vacuole

Potassium enters the cell as hydrogen leaves and water follows potassium because it is an ion

Cause the pH of the plants to be more basic because H+ is leaving, leading to the pH sensitive pigments to change the color of the plant

35
Q

Fruits purpose

A

Seed dispersal using hungry animals

36
Q

Fruit colors

A

Immature fruit is green to synthesize sugars

37
Q

Fruit changing colors

A

Mature fruit is red/orange/yellow/purple to attract animals

38
Q

Chloroplasts change to

A

Chromoplasts to allow the change from green to red

39
Q

Changing from green to orange signifies

A

Citrus fruits

40
Q

Green to yellow

A

Bananas

41
Q

Bell peppers

A

Change color until picked

42
Q

Synthesis of anthocyanins is used in

A

Blackberries, plums, grapes

Green to purple

43
Q

Root purpose

A

Anchor plant in ground, obtain water and minerals, and storage

44
Q

Root color

A

Usually unpigmented

45
Q

Mutant strains of potatoes and carrots make

A

carotenoids and anthocyanins

BIOL 201 (44 decks)

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