Lec 26

Question 1

Functions of plant color

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Pollen/seed dispersal

Protection

A mutant appearance is preferred by people

Question 2

Plant pigments

Answer 2

Small organic molecules

Absorb certain wavelengths of light

Question 3

Pigments use

Answer 3

Subtractive mixing

Question 4

Chlorophylls

Answer 4

Green

Found in Chloroplasts

Photosynthesis

Harvest sunlight

Question 5

Carotenoids

Answer 5

Orange/red

Found in chloroplasts for photosynth

Found in chromoplasts for color

Question 6

Anthrocyanins

Answer 6

Red/purple/blue

Found in the central vacuole

Function: Coloration, UV protection

Question 7

Leaves purpose

Answer 7

Photosynthesis

Gas exchange

Question 8

Leave structures

Answer 8

Broad leaves

Needles

Question 9

Larch tree

Answer 9

Conifer because it has needles and deciduous because it sheds them in the autumn

Question 10

Leaf color

Answer 10

Green

Chloroplasts

Question 11

White leaves means

Answer 11

Defective chloroplasts

Question 12

Purple leaves mean

Answer 12

Anthocyanins for UV protection

or

Camouflage

Question 13

Entirely white plants

Answer 13

No chloroplasts

ex. Ghost plants feed on other plants

Question 14

Photoautotroph

Answer 14

Gets energy from the sun

Question 15

Chemoautotroph

Answer 15

Eats other organisms

Question 16

Venus fly traps are

Answer 16

Photoautotrophs

They only eat insects for nitrogen

Question 17

Green –> orange/yellow

Answer 17

Removal of chlorophylls reveals carotenoids

Question 18

Why are pigments being removed

Answer 18

Chlorophylls contain nitrogen so they must be salvaged

Carotenoids are not needed

Question 19

Green –> red

Answer 19

Synthesis of new anthocyanins during chlorophyll removal

Question 20

Flowers purpose

Answer 20

Pollen dispersal using hungry birds, bats, insects

Question 21

Flowers produce

Answer 21

Nectar

Question 22

Nectar is made of

Answer 22

Sucrose glucose fructose

Question 23

Nectar attracts

Answer 23

Animals like bees who also move pollen from male plants to female plants

Question 24

Which gender plant makes more nectar

Answer 24

Female flowers so that the animals are more incentivized to visit them and bring pollen

Question 25

Single flower

Answer 25

Reproductive parts in the middle Attraction parts on the outside (petals)

Question 26

Flower clusters (inflorescences)

Answer 26

Little flowers in the middle for reproduction Other little flowers on the outside to attract insects (ray flowers)

Question 27

Flowers + leaves

Answer 27

Little flowers in the middle for reproduction Leaves with a certain pigment to attract animals

Question 28

Yellow and orange means

Answer 28

Carotenoids in chromoplasts

Question 29

Red purple or blue means

Answer 29

Anthocyanins

Question 30

Flowers with bright colors attract

Answer 30

Birds and bees

Question 31

Flowers that attract beetles use

Answer 31

Scent rather than color

Question 32

Flowers that attract nocturnal animals use

Answer 32

Scent not color eg. cactus

Question 33

Color changing plants

Answer 33

Central vacuoles are acidic because of ATP powered proton pumps Petal cells expand when water enters the central vacuole The central vacuole contains some pH sensitive pigments

Question 34

Color changing plants NHX1

Answer 34

H+ powered K+ antiport transporter that moves K+ ions into the central vacuole Potassium enters the cell as hydrogen leaves and water follows potassium because it is an ion Cause the pH of the plants to be more basic because H+ is leaving, leading to the pH sensitive pigments to change the color of the plant

Question 35

Fruits purpose

Answer 35

Seed dispersal using hungry animals

Question 36

Fruit colors

Answer 36

Immature fruit is green to synthesize sugars

Question 37

Fruit changing colors

Answer 37

Mature fruit is red/orange/yellow/purple to attract animals

Question 38

Chloroplasts change to

Answer 38

Chromoplasts to allow the change from green to red

Question 39

Changing from green to orange signifies

Answer 39

Citrus fruits

Question 40

Green to yellow

Answer 40

Bananas

Question 41

Bell peppers

Answer 41

Change color until picked

Question 42

Synthesis of anthocyanins is used in

Answer 42

Blackberries, plums, grapes Green to purple

Question 43

Root purpose

Answer 43

Anchor plant in ground, obtain water and minerals, and storage

Question 44

Root color

Answer 44

Usually unpigmented

Question 45

Mutant strains of potatoes and carrots make

Answer 45

carotenoids and anthocyanins