Lec 28 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle cells are used by

A

Vertebrates

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2
Q

Muscles purposes

A

Flexing and extension

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3
Q

During flexing biceps

A

Contract while triceps relax

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4
Q

During extension biceps

A

Relax while triceps contract

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5
Q

3 types of muscles

A

Cardiac muscle cells

Skeletal muscle cells

Smooth muscle cells

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6
Q

Contents of muscle cells/fiber

A

Bundle of muscle fibers

One muscle fiber

Nucleus

Plasma membrane

Myofibril

Sarcomere

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7
Q

Long cells are formed by

A

Cell fusion

Cell growth

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8
Q

Myoblasts fuse to make

A

Muscle cells

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9
Q

Muscle cells have several

A

Nuclei (plenty of DNA to make RNA to make proteins)

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10
Q

Myofibrils

A

cm to meters long

Contains sarcomeres which is the stripes that contains actin and myosin for contraction

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11
Q

ER of muscle cells

A

Stores calcium

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12
Q

Heart muscle cells have

A

Mitochondria (make ATP)

Glycogen/Lipids (fuel)

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13
Q

Sarcomere structure

A

Z discs

Have one on each end

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14
Q

What is connected to z discs

A

Actin filaments connected from their plus end

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15
Q

What is connected to the actin

A

Myosin that is in the middle

Known as the thick filament

Double headed, plus ended myosin

Heads interact with actin

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16
Q

Titins

A

Connects thick filaments to z discs like a spring

Our largest protein

17
Q

Tropomyosins

A

Conceal the myosin-binding sites of actin filaments

18
Q

Troponin complexes

A

Regulate tropomyosin

19
Q

Each thin filament is made of

A

One actin filament

Tropomyosin

Troponin complexes

20
Q

Contraction

Resting muscle cell

A

Tropomyosin are in the way

21
Q

Contraction

Thin filament activation

A

Ca++ increases by being released from the ER

Troponins activated

Tropomyosin moved, exposing actin filament and allowing for thick filament to be activated

22
Q

Thick filament activation

Contraction

A

Myosin heads take turns walking along actin

23
Q

Sarcomere contraction

A

Myosin pull Z discs together

24
Q

Sarcomere movement leads to the whole cell

A

Contracting

25
Light muscle bands
Z-discs
26
Dark muscle bands
Thick filaments
27
AS the sarcomeres contract
The light bands shrink
28
Increase calcium means
All sarcomeres in cell contract
29
Decrease calcium means
All the sarcomeres have contracted