LADDERS 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Size-up starts with the receipt of the alarm and continues until the fire is under control. Which size-up factor is incorrectly described?
A) Time governs the life hazard.
B) Life is the most serious factor at any fire.
C) Building height determines the severity of the life hazard and the intensity of the fire.
D) Exposures include adjoining buildings or areas within the fire building itself (auto exposure)
A
ANSWER: C) Building height determines the severity of the life hazard and the intensity of the fire. (INCORRECT)
- OCCUPANCY AREA determines severity of life hazard.
- Building HEIGHT will govern the use of the Aerial/TL and portable ladders.
(FFP - Ladders 3 1.4.1)
2
Q
Ladder 3 and Ladder 9 arrive at approximately the same time to a fire on the 3rd floor of a 5 story OLT. Although Ladder 9 arrived 1st, Ladder 3 was 1st due on the response ticket so they operated as the 1st Ladder company. Which action taken by the Ladder 3 Inside Team should be corrected?
A) They obtained access to the 3rd floor via the interior stairs.
B) The Officer instructed members to not chock open the entry door at street level until a charged hoseline was advancing through it.
C) The Officer notified the IC and the Engine Officer of the location of the fire apartment and that Ladder 3 was entering the fire apartment to conduct a search.
D) The Officer instructed the Forcible entry FF to remain at the apartment door inside the fire apartment with the door closed but not locked due to a hoseline not being immediately available.
E) In addition to a HT and flashlight, the FE FF was equipped with a maul, halligan, and rabbit tool. The Extinguisher FF was equipped with a 6’ hook and pressurized water extinguisher.
A
ANSWER: B) The Officer instructed members to not chock open the entry door at street level until a charged hoseline was advancing through it. (INCORRECT)
- ENSURE that entry doors at street level are chocked open, to enable the stretching of hand lines or access by other members.
(FFP - Ladders 3 3.2.1)
3
Q
After recently attaining LCC status, the LCC of L100 reviewed the duties of the 1st arriving LCC of an aerial ladder company at a tenement fire. Which choice represents the only correct point?
A) The LCC does not have a set tool assignment, but rather they shall select the tools that they deem necessary to complete their assignment.
B) When the aerial ladder is needed for both removal and roof access, always remove the occupant 1st.
C) The LCC shall remain on the turntable whenever members have entered the building by aerial ladder.
D) When performing VEIS, the LCC shall only operate on the fire floor. This position can be obtained from the front or rear fire escape.
A
ANSWER: A) The LCC does not have a set tool assignment, but rather they shall select the tools that they deem necessary to complete their assignment.
B- Consider “FAT” in reaching a decision as to aerial’s initial use:
F - Fire/smoke in immediate vicinity of victim
A - Agitated, frightened, threatening to jump
T - Time (if person is in no immediate danger)
C - Remain on turntable whenever members have entered building and ARE IN PRECARIOUS POSITIONS such as the floor above ovear a heavy fire.
D - If the chauffeur is aware that the second ladder company is not in service or will not arrive in a reasonable time, they shall team up with another available member to try to get ABOVE THE FIRE via aerial or portable ladder. (Ladders 3 - LCC does not operate in the rear of the building)
(FFP - Ladders 3 - 3.2.4)
4
Q
While conducting a drill on the duties of the 1st arriving OV FF at a fire in a NLT, Lt. Smith made several comments. Which one should be corrected?
A) The OV FF is equipped with a HT, flashlight, halligan and 6’ hook. For top floor fires, the saw is taken in place of the hook.
B) Except for assisting the LCC in the front of the fire building when aerial or portable ladder operations are needed for rescue or removal, ventilate the fire area from the exterior.
C) Before ascending a fire escape, the OV must 1st conduct an exterior survey to check for fire or potential victims in the rear of the building.
D) At a store fire, the OV FF shall vent the rear of the store from the exterior after asking permission from the Ladder Company Officer. If this would expose people on the fire escape, vent immediately after they are out of danger.
E) At a top floor fire, proceed to the roof. If possible, descend the fire escape and perform VEIS after teaming with the 2nd OV or another available member.
A
ANSWER: C) Before ascending a fire escape, the OV must 1st conduct an exterior survey to check for fire or potential victims in the rear of the building. (INCORRECT)
- The OV goes to the EXTERIOR OF FIRE AREA for ventilation.
- Roof FF will survey rear and sides from the roof.
(FFP - Ladders 3 3.2.5)
5
Q
The two different types of ventilation performed by the 1st due Ladder Company OV FF at a tenement fire are ventilation for search and ventilation for extinguishment. Which is the incorrect point about these types of ventilation?
A) When ventilating for extinguishment, the OV must communicate with the Ladder Officer to coordinate ventilation tactics with the Engine Company’s extinguishment.
B) When performing ventilation for search, the OV FF must always team up with another member.
C) When there is only a rear fire escape or the fire apartment is in the rear, the OV and Roof FF (or another available member) shall team up and enter the fire apartment from that fire escape.
D) When there is a front fire escape and the fire apartment is in the front, the OV and LCC (or another available member) shall team up and enter the fire apartment from that fire escape.
A
ANSWER: B) When performing ventilation for search, the OV FF must always team up with another member. (INCORRECT)
- With the exception of a KNOWN LIFE HAZARD.
- KLH - See or hear victim or information from a credible source from someone on scene.
(FFP - Ladders 3 3.2.5)
6
Q
FF James has been assigned the Roof position after recently being granted tenure. While drilling on the duties of the 1st arriving Roof FF at a tenement fire, the senior FF drilling with FF James made several statements. Which statement was incorrect?
A) Although using an adjoining building for roof access is the safest and most dependable method, the immediate adjoining building shall not be used.
B) The aerial ladder is used for roof access when the building is isolated or the roof cannot be reached, or accessed from the adjoining building.
C) Using the rear fire escape to access the roof is least desirable.
D) The interior stairs are never used for roof access.
E) the 1st arriving Roof FF is equipped with a HT, flashlight, halligan, 6’ halligan hook, LSR and SCBA.
A
ANSWER: A) Although using an adjoining building for roof access is the safest and most dependable method, the immediate adjoining building shall not be used. (INCORRECT)
“BAR” Adjoining / Aerial / Rear fire escape
- You CAN use immediate adjoining building for roof access in tenements.
- CANNOT use immediate adjoining in ROWFRAMES.
(FFP - Ladders 3 3.2.6)
7
Q
Nothing shall deter the Roof FF from carrying out his assigned duties. Which duty below is described incorrectly for the Roof FF at an OLT?
A) While conducting a roof size-up, including a visual survey of the exterior or the building, the Roof FF shall immediately proceed to the bulkhead and perform vertical ventilation upon hearing HT transmissions that the interior team has door control on the fire floor or a charged line is moving into the fire area, unless adressing a known life hazard.
B) After completing roof size-up, the Roof FF shall then proceed to the bulkhead door and notify the Ladder Officer that he is in position and prepared to ventilate.
C) When in position at the bulkhead door, the Roof FF shall not force the bulkhead door open unless the Ladder Officer grants approval.
D) If the Ladder Officer does not want vertical ventilation, the Roof FF shall still force open the bulkhead door, and if conditions are tenable, reach in and probe the immediate area, then immediately close and control the door.
A
ANSWER: C) When in position at the bulkhead door, the Roof FF shall not force the bulkhead door open unless the Ladder Officer grants approval. (INCORRECT)
- Opening the bulkhead door, doing a quick sweep for victims and then closing the door IS NOT considered vertical ventilation.
(FFP - Ladders 3 3.2.6)
8
Q
In addition to performing vertical ventilation at a fire in a tenement, the 1st due Roof FF performs several other duties. Which duty below is an incorrect description?
A) At top floor fires, the Roof FF is responsible to use the saw to vent the cockloft and top floor when necessary after completing intitial duties.
B) He should inform the 2nd Ladder of the extent of search completed and when the exposed interior stairs and public hall have not been properly examined.
C) He should remain on the roof when his assignment is completed or when relieved by the 2nd Ladder company.
D) The Roof FF should always confirm their way off the roof as soon as they reach the roof.
A
ANSWER: C) He should remain on the roof when his assignment is completed or when relieved by the 2nd Ladder company. (INCORRECT)
- Reports back to THEIR COMPANY OFFICER (generally located on the FIRE FLOOR) when assignment is completed or when relieved by second Ladder Company and apprise them of all pertinent information.
(FFP - Ladders 3 3.2.6)
9
Q
Vertical ventilation performed by the Roof FF at a tenement fire includes opening the bulkhead door and skylight, or scuttle and roof level skylight (including roof level skylight draft stop) over the interior stairs. Which choice is correct concerning this ventilation?
A) To keep a bulkhead door open, either remove the upper hinge or block the door open. When removing the hinge, operate from the roof side of the door.
B) The bulkhead door must be opened prior to venting the bulkhead skylight.
C) The scuttle cover must be removed prior to venting the roof level skylight.
D) Remove skylights or coverings over all shafts if indicated by heavy heat and smoke conditions. After ventilating these shafts, probe them with a hook, or reach down into the shaft to check for a draft stop.
A
ANSWER: A) To keep a bulkhead door open, either remove the upper hinge or block the door open. When removing the hinge, operate from the roof side of the door.
B - If DIFFICULTY IS ENCOUNTERED opening the bulkhead door, vent the bulkhead skylight FIRST.
C - If fire and smoke conditions are obviously HEAVY, immediate venting of the SKYLIGHT PRIOR TO THE REMOVAL OF THR SCUTTLE to relieve the interior would be justified.
D - To ensure an unobstructed outlet for shafts OTHER THAN DUMBWAITER SHAFTS, probe with hook to detect possible presence of a glazed sash or other covering and remove it.
(FFP - Ladders 3 3.2.6 - PG 17 to 20)
10
Q
Upon completion of his roof duties at a fire on the 3rd floor of a 5 story NLT, the Roof FF from L26 prepares to perform VEIS. Which is the incorrect thought concerning this operation?
A) He shall notify his Officer when and where his search will begin.
B) After determining that the fire is in the front of the building and there are four apartments per floor, he should team with the 2nd Roof FF to VEIS the floors above the fire.
C) Particular attention shall be paid to peforming VEIS of the top floor, especially the public hallway.
D) If he is caught in the 4th or 5th floor public hall while moving from the rear to front apartment when the fire apartment door is opened exposing him to severe heat and flame, he should immediately begin crawling back to the rear apartment.
E) The less dangerous way to access the front apartment from the rear apartment on the floors above the fire may be breaching a wall between these apartments.
A
ANSWER: D) If he is caught in the 4th or 5th floor public hall while moving from the rear to front apartment when the fire apartment door is opened exposing him to severe heat and flame, he should immediately begin crawling back to the rear apartment. (INcorRECT)
- In this event, DROP TO THE FLOOR AND SLIDE OR ROLL TO THE NEAREST WALL. This position places the member away from the rising column of heat and flame and increases the member’s chance for survival.
(FFP - Ladders 3 3.2.6 #10)
11
Q
TL 124 arrived 1st due to a fire on the 2nd floor of a 4 story OLT with only a rear fire escape. Which choice below represents an incorrect action?
A) The LCC remained at the pedestal.
B) The OV performed VEIS of the 2nd floor from the TL bucket.
C) The Officer requested the Roof FF perform outside ventilation of the fire apartment from the fire escape after completing preliminary roof ventilation.
D) The Roof FF performed VEIS of the fire apartment from the rear fire escape after teaming up with the 2nd Roof FF
A
ANSWER: B) The OV performed VEIS of the 2nd floor from the TL bucket. (INCORRECT)
- OV operates as basket FF for VENTILATION (not VEIS)
(FFP - Ladders 3 3.3)
12
Q
As Ladder 177 arrived 2nd due to a fire in an OLT, the Officer noticed fire venting from the 4th floor windows of a 6 story OLT. A Ladder 177 member operated incorrectly in which choice?
A) The Can FF carried a flashlight, HT, 6’ hook and pressurized water extinguisher.
B) Before proceeding to the 5th floor via the interior stairs, the Officer notified the Officers of the 1st Engine, 1st Ladder, and Rescue Officer, who were the only officers on the 4th floor.
C) Upon reaching the 5th floor, the Officer ordered members to force a door to provide an area of refuge.
D) After completing a primary search of the apartment directly above the fire apartment, the Officer ordered the members of the Inside Team to proceed immediately to the top floor.
E) The Forcible Entry FF was equipped with a HT, hand light, Axe, Halligan and Rabbit Tool.
A
ANSWER: D) After completing a primary search of the apartment directly above the fire apartment, the Officer ordered the members of the Inside Team to proceed immediately to the top floor. (INCORRECT)
- Be certain to check ADJOINING APARTMENTS ON THE FLOOR ABOVE the fire apartment. This may be even more severely exposed than the apartment directly over the fire apartment due to the construction of Old Law Tenements.
(FFP - Ladders 3 3.4.2)
13
Q
Which member of the Outside team of the 2nd arriving ladder company operated incorrectly at a fire in an OLT?
A) The OV FF contacted the 1st arriving Ladder company Officer prior to performing ventilation of the apartment above the fire via fire escape.
B) When there was only a rear fire escape, the OV FF teamed with the Roof FF from their unit to enter and search the apartment directly over the fire.
C) When the fire apartment was in the rear of the building, the OV FF teamed with the Roof FF from their unit to enter and search the apartment directly over the fire.
D) When there was a front fire escape and the fire apartment was in the front, the OV and LCC teamed up to enter and search the apartment directly over the fire.
A
ANSWER: A) The OV FF contacted the 1st arriving Ladder company Officer prior to performing ventilation of the apartment above the fire via fire escape. (INCORRECT)
- Contact SECOND LADDER OFFICER for permission to ventilate the apartment ABOVE the fire.
(FFP - Ladders 3 3.4.5)
14
Q
The 2nd arriving Roof FF, must consider several items in order to be effective in a fire in a tenement building. Which is not one of them?
A) For top floor fires, the saw and 6’ halligan hook are taken to the roof.
B) Contact the 1st Roof FF via HT to determine their method of access to the roof and need to seek an alternative route.
C) Assist and confirm that all the duties of the 1st Roof FF have been completed. The 2nd Roof FF must team up with another member.
D) Do not attempt to climb onto a bulkhead next to an open shaft, unless it is the only option.
A
ANSWER: D) Do not attempt to climb onto a bulkhead next to an open shaft, unless it is the only option. (INCORRECT)
- NEVER climb onto a bulkhead next to an open shaft.
(FFP - Ladders 3 3.4.7)
15
Q
L71 was the 2nd Ladder company at a top floor fire in an OLT. Which tactic taken by L71 was correct?
A) The Can FF brought a 6’ hook and a pressurized water extinguisher to the top floor.
B) The Roof FF proceeded to the roof with a portable power saw in place of a halligan tool.
C) The OV vented the fire apartment from the fire escape, after requesting permission from their officer.
D) The LCC was not needed in the front of the building, so he proceeded to the top floor to assist with searches.
A
ANSWER: B) The Roof FF proceeded to the roof with a portable power saw in place of a halligan tool.
A - TWO 6’ hooks in lieu of the extinguisher
C - Permission to vent the fire apartment is given by the FIRST DUE LADDER OFFICER in this scenario.
D - LCC not needed IFO building, proceed to ROOF to assist members operating on the roof.
(FFP - Ladders 3 3.4.4)
16
Q
Fires that extend to air and light shafts located between OLTs often create severe exposure problems. Choose the incorrect statement concerning air/light shaft fires.
A) The occupants of the fire building have less survival time and are in greater danger of having both means of egress quickly cut off than those in the exposure.
B) Ladder company members operating in the fire building or exposures should close windows on the shaft and remove combustible hangings around these windows.
C) The 2nd Ladder Company Inside team should generally operate in the exposed building.
D) the 2nd LCC should position the apparatus to cover the exposed building.
E) The 2nd LCC, Roof FF and OV FF, if not needed in the fire building, are available for work in the exposed building.
A
ANSWER: C) The 2nd Ladder Company Inside team should generally operate in the exposed building. (INCORRECT)
- 2nd Ladder generally operates on the FLOOR ABOVE in the fire building.
(FFP - Ladders 3 4.2)
17
Q
Fires in dumbwaiter shafts present numerous operation problems in OLT type buildings. Which point below is incorrect concerning these fires?
A) The main problem with these fires is vertical extension. Lateral extension is not a serious concern due to the requirement that the dumbwaiter doors be nailed shut.
B) When a cellar fire exposes a dumbwaiter, all floors above must be checked for fire extension.
C) The 1st & 2nd Ladder company assignments remain the same as they would for a fire in an apartment.
D) The Roof FF should inform their Officer if heavy smoke is venting out of a dumbwaiter bulkhead or if the dumbwaiter bulkhead has been previously removed or tarred over.
E) If fire is reported in the dumbwaiter shaft, the Roof FF should vent the dumbwaiter bulkhead. If after venting, the Roof FF does not see any appreciable volume of smoke venting, they should notify their company Officer.
A
ANSWER: A) The main problem with these fires is vertical extension. Lateral extension is not a serious concern due to the requirement that the dumbwaiter doors be nailed shut. (INCORRECT)
- LATERAL and VERTICAL extension are BOTH concerns in a fire in a dumbwaiter shaft.
(FFP - Ladders 3 4.1.2)
18
Q
Upon reaching the roof, the Roof FF should be thinking how they can maintain their means of egress in tenement type buildings. Additional measures to take are found in all but which choice?
A) If possible, members should move from one roof to another near the front wall.
B) Roof level skylights and scuttle covers, if removed, should be placed upside down on the roof.
C) Before walking or moving on a roof when visibility is poor, members should crouch to a kneeling position, and prove the roof by swinging a tool or leg in the direction of movement.
D) Members should not step over a parapet or wall without first feeling the adjoining surface with their foot.
A
ANSWER: D) Members should not step over a parapet or wall without first feeling the adjoining surface with their foot. (INCORRECT)
- Feel with a TOOL (not foot)
(FFP -Ladders 3 5.2)
19
Q
The 6’ halligan hook and halligan tool have many uses for the Roof FF at a fire in a tenement building. Which choice regarding these tools is incorrect?
A) When removing a gate found on the room side of the window, use either the fork or adz end of the halligan tool to pull the gate loose at the side opposite the locking device. If exposed to heat or smoke, removal may be accomplished at the lock side.
B) When using both tools to assist in climbing onto a high bulkhead, the halligan is placed with the fork end down and the adz end up.
C) If using thr halligan to serve as a stop on the bulkhead door that is being used as a ramp, the door should be positioned against the bulkhead at an angle of 30 to 40 degrees.
D) If having difficulty in forcing a bulkhead door, use the halligan hook to pry the door out starting at the top of the door.
E) When pushing down the ceiling from the roof, reverse the hook.
A
ANSWER: D) If having difficulty in forcing a bulkhead door, use the halligan hook to pry the door out starting at the top of the door. (INCORRECT)
- Use he HALLIGAN / Start at the BOTTOM
(FFP - Ladders 3 5.3.2)
20
Q
The members of Ladder 11 are discussing the different size-up features found in OLT buildings. They would be correct to state all but which one of the following?
A) When a building has four windows per floor and no front fire escape, it indicates two railroad flats with a rear fire escape. This applies to all OLT buildings.
B) When the building has 4 windows per floor with a front fire escape, it usually indicates 3 or 4 apartments per floor with another fire escape in the rear.
C) The ever dangerous exception to this is those buildings with railroad flats whose secondary means of egress is a front fire escape.
D) The absence of a rear fire escape is of major concern for the safety of the operating forces. This info should be relayed immediately.
A
ANSWER: A) When a building has four windows per floor and no front fire escape, it indicates two railroad flats with a rear fire escape. This applies to all OLT buildings. (INCORRECT)
- DOES NOT necessarily apply to CORNER buildings.
(FFP - Ladders 3 5.4.1)
21
Q
Ladder company Inside Teams will gain important operational information by observations made on the interior of an OLT. Which one size-up observation is least correct?
A) Counting the number of mailboxes on each wall of the building entrance hall can indicate the number of apartments per floor. Five mailboxes on each side in a 5 story building would mean railroad flats. Likewise, ten on each side would mean 4 apartments per floor.
B) Apartment numbering and lettering system is also an indicator. Apartments 1S and 1N or 1W and 1E on the 1st floor and 2S and 2N or 2W and 2E on the 2nd floor, will generally mean 2 apartments per floor.
C) Most OLTs have four doors on each floor, but this is not an indication that there are 4 apartments.
D) When forcing entry to an apartment with doors, choose the door normally used for entrance. Most railroad flats have the kitchen in the front near the normal entrance door.
A
ANSWER: D) When forcing entry to an apartment with doors, choose the door normally used for entrance. Most railroad flats have the kitchen in the front near the normal entrance door. (INCORRECT)
- Kitchens are normally in the REAR near the normal entrance door.
(FFP - Ladders 3 5.4.2)
22
Q
A rapidly rising column of smoke, with particles or embers ascending to higher levels, visible over the roof top of a building frequently is an indication that the fire is _________________.
A) On the top floor in the rear
B) In an open shaft
C) On the roof
D) In the dumbwaiter shaft
A
ANSWER: B) In an open shaft
FFP - Ladders 3 5.4.3 B
23
Q
A Captain discussing primary and secondary searches with a newly promoted Lt. stated the following?
A) A primary search is an immediate search for life. The primary search is slow but thorough and systematic.
B) A secondary search is a thorough and painstakingly complete search, to ensure that no possible victims are overlooked, as children may hide in closets or under beds or in bathrooms.
C) The secondary search must also include the entire perimeter of the building and all shafts, basements/cellars etc.
D) Upon the completion of primary searches, secondary searches should be conducted as soon as conditions permit. Units other than those who conducted the primary search should perform secondary searches.
A
ANSWER: A) A primary search is an immediate search for life. The primary search is slow but thorough and systematic.
- Primary is RAPID but thorough & systematic
(FFP - Ladders 3 5.5.1)
24
Q
Ventilation is the controlled, communicated and coordinated removal of heat and smoke from a structure and the replacing of the escaping gases with fresh air to facilitate other firefighting priorities. Which choice is incorrect regarding ventilation?
A) Ventilation is a vital factor in all operations and is of particular consequence with respect to the life saving function.
B) Vertical ventilation entails opening the bulkhead door, roof scuttle, skylight and cutting of roof.
C) Horizontal ventilation entails the opening or removal of the windows or opening of the door leading to the fire apartment.
D) The ladder company officer must control and coordinate all ventilation tactics by the inside team. The IC must control and coordinate all ventilation tactics by the outside teams.
A
ANSWER: D) The ladder company officer must control and coordinate all ventilation tactics by the inside team. The IC must control and coordinate all ventilation tactics by the outside teams. (INCORRECT)
- Ladder Officer controls ALL VENTILATION tactics for both inside and outside teams
(FFP - Ladders 3 5.6)
25
Ventilation for search is the horizontal ventilation tactic performed to facilitate the movement of a member into an area in order to conduct a search for life hazard. All but which one of the following statements is correct?
A) Horizontal ventilation has the inherent risk of pulling fire towards the ventilation entry point.
B) Horizontal ventilation needs to be communicated to the ladder officer as the ventilation may also negatively impact the members operating on the interior.
C) No member shall ever enter, leave or operate in an IDLH unless the member teams up with at least one other member and remains within visual or voice contact with that member.
ANSWER: C) No member shall ever enter, leave or operate in an IDLH unless the member teams up with at least one other member and remains within visual or voice contact with that member. (INCORRECT)
* UNLESS there is a KNOWN LIFE HAZARD
* A person can be SEEN or HEARD by rescuer or there is CREDIBLE SOURCE AT THE SCENE with information of a known life hazard.
(FFP - Ladders 3 5.7.3)
26
Members performing ventilation for search would be correct to comply with how many of the following tactics?
1. When a search team enters from the exterior to conduct a search for a known life hazard the Ladder Officer must be notified.
2. The Ladder Officer may disapprove the entry of the search team if the interior team has quicker access to the location of the victim or to the area requiring search.
3. Once the decision has been made and approval has been granted to enter, the member should clear out the window for access and be cognizant that a new flow path has been corrected.
4. After venting, the priority action for the member entering is to conduct a rapid search of the area.
5. If a victim is found, immediately transmit radio code 10-45, include the location and the planned exit route.
A) 5 B) 4 C) 3 D) 2
ANSWER: B) 4 (Number 4 is INCORRECT)
4 - After venting, the priority action for the member entering is to ISOLATE THE AREA by closing a door.
(FFP - Ladders 3 5.7.3)
27
When cutting a hole in the roof of an OLT, which action would be incorrect?
A) The saw is designed that whenever possible, roof boards and coverings shall be cut in one operation. Sometimes the cut section can be lifted in one piece.
B) When this cannot be accomplished, reinsert the saw for a deeper cut.
C) Initially, an approximate 3' x 6' coffin cut is recommended.
D) If a hole is cut too small, the desired relief will not be granted and onced opened, smoke, fire, and heat may make it too difficult to open further.
ANSWER: B) When this cannot be accomplished, reinsert the saw for a deeper cut. (INCORRECT)
* REMOVE ROOF COVERING THEN REMOVE ROOF BOARDS.
(FFP - Ladders 3 5.9.4)
28
A Roof FF cutting a coffin cut on the roof of an OLT should ideally have the wind blowing at their back, and make which cut their "knockout" cut?
A) Cut # 1
B) Cut # 2
C) Cut # 3
D) Cut # 4
ANSWER: B) Cut # 2
(FFP - Ladders 3 5.9.6)
* Cross Reference TL 6 (4th cut is KO cut)
29
Lt. Hanson is explaining to his memebers that when a fire is burning in a top floor apartment, it is not efficient to wait until the fire is "knocked down" before examining the cockloft. Lt. Hanson would be correct to state all but which one point below?
A) An early inspection can be made by going to a room adjacent to the fire (in the same or adjoining apartment) and opening an observation hole in that ceiling.
B) If fire can be seen burning in the cockloft, the observation hole should be expanded while a hoseline is being stretched to the fire apartment.
C) It is a good practice while waiting for the charged line, to ventilate all windows in the apartment, because once the ceiling is opened the floor will quickly be filled with smoke.
D) This is also the time to make sure that a roof ventilation hole is being cut directly above the fire.
ANSWER: B) If fire can be seen burning in the cockloft, the observation hole should be expanded while a hoseline is being stretched to the fire apartment. (INCORRECT)
* Line needs to be CHARGED and IN POSITION.
(FFP - Ladders 3 5.9.6 Note)
30
Members operating in OLT fires may become cut off from their normal means of escape (interior stairs, fire escape, or ladders) and will have to go from front to rear apartments or vice versa through the common partition as an escape route. To accomplish this, members should take all but which step listed?
A) Using a hook, halligan or axe (in this preference order), start low and punch a hole slightly below waist level.
B) The tool is placed in a bay with the bottom anchored against the opposite side of the partition. The FF then pulls the tool towards themselves using short strokes to snap the lath off the side.
C) Best results are obtained when the opposite side is kept intact until the near side is completely removed.
D) With the sole of his boot, the member can kick off the lath off the far side of the bay. The member then uses the Swim Move or the Reduced Profile Maneuver and quickly moves through the opening.
ANSWER: A) Using a hook, halligan or axe (in this preference order), start low and punch a hole slightly below waist level. (INCORRECT)
* HALLIGAN / HOOK / AXE ("HA - HA")
* Slightly below waist level
(FFP - Ladders 3 6.1)
31
According to Ladders 3, when does "Precontrol Overhaul" begin?
A) As soon as the 1st members enter the fire area.
B) As soon as a charged hoseline is moving into the fire area.
C) As soon as possible after the fire has been knocked down.
D) As soon as possible after final extinguishment.
ANSWER: C) As soon as possible after the fire has been knocked down.
PRECONTROL - Search for fire and extension which takes place up to the point where the fire is under control. Pre-control overhauling begins as soon as possible after the fire has been knocked down
POSTCONTROL - The continued operation that takes place after the fire is under control to ensure that there is complete fire extinguishment.
(FFP - Ladders 3 6.1)
32
The search for fire extension on the fire floor is started as soon as possible. Many fires do not initially ignite the structure. The contents of a building are ignited and burn fast, then the flames spread to the structure. When discussing extension, all of the following statements are correct according to Ladders 3 with the exception of which?
A) When checking for extension, there are 6 sides to examine in the fire area. The 4 walls, the ceiling and the floor.
B) The search for fire extension cannot be accomplished by sense of touch alone. All places where fire might have extended and display no immediate signs of burning such as discoloration, blistering, smoke, etc. should be opened with tools.
C) The partitions that separate apartments in OLTs are not fire stopped between the ceiling of one floor and the underside of the floor above.
D) In OLTs, the floor beams are laid parallel to the front of the building thus forming horizontal channels for fire travel as far as both side walls (bearing walls) of the building.
ANSWER: B) The search for fire extension cannot be accomplished by sense of touch alone. All places where fire might have extended and display no immediate signs of burning such as discoloration, blistering, smoke, etc. should be opened with tools. (INCORRECT)
* The search for fire extension is OFTEN DONE by sense of touch alone.
* All places where fire might have extended and display no immediate signs of burning such as discoloration, blistering, smoke, etc. SHOULD BE EXAMINED BY TOUCH.
(FFP - Ladders 3 7.1.2)
33
Ladder 79 is operating as the 1st arriving ladder on the 2nd floor of a 5 story OLT. After the fire has been knocked down this company must now determine if the fire is extending and where it is extending. The members of this company would be correct to know all but which one of the following?
A) The ceiling should be opened 1st at a clean area and working towards the area where the fire was most intense. The ceiling light fixture area should be pulled and examined.
B) Any horizontal or vertical voids, whether pipe recesses, electrical conduits, channel rails, etc. which are found once the ceilings and walls are opened must be examined. If fire has extended, this information should be transmitted to the IC and to the ladder company on the floor above.
C) Steel columns and beams can be found in NLTs or OLTs. Boxed out areas around a steel column create a natural void. If a boxed out protrusion on a wall contains a steel column and was involved in fire, then the entire length of this void will have to be examined.
D) The flooring in the fire area must be checked. If the flooring is charred, the ceiling below should be examined for fire extension.
ANSWER: A) The ceiling should be opened 1st at a clean area and working towards the area where the fire was most intense. The ceiling light fixture area should be pulled and examined. (INCORRECT)
* Open up ceiling at the point where the fire was MOST INTENSE and work until you see a CLEAR AREA.
(FFP - Ladders 3 7.2.2)
34
L129 is the 2nd arriving ladder at a fire on the 1st floor of an OLT in Flushing, Queens. Upon reaching the apartment above the fire they may encounter conditions that alone are indications of fire extension and justify calling for a handline. Which three choices are listed as such? (More than 1 correct)
A) A smoke condition at the apartment entrance.
B) High temperatures even only at the ceiling level
C) A fiery glow seen through the smoke.
D) A crackling sound heard within the apartment.
ANSWER: B / C / D are CORRECT
B) High temperatures even only at the ceiling level
C) A fiery glow seen through the smoke.
D) A crackling sound heard within the apartment.
* A smoke condition at the apartment entrance is NOT ENOUGH REASON to believe fire has extended to this floor.
(FFP - Ladders 3 7.3.1)
35
A Ladder company officer operating on the floor above the fire that is checking for extension by cutting the floor with an axe would be correct to have his member cut the floor at a ________ degree angle and on a bias.
A) 20
B) 35
C) 60
D) 75
ANSWER: C) 60
| FFP - Ladders 3 - pg 65
36
The complete removal of a window frame is seldom required. Which is the incorrect choice in regards to trimming a window or door?
A) Windows are generally set into the brickwork and extension from them cannot occur except to a space between the plaster and the sidewall of the building.
B) Extension around a doorframe is usually limited to the space between the doorframe and the studs forming the rough opening.
C) The trim around windows and doors is put on last during the construction stage and should be the 1st pieces removed if examination is required at these points.
D) Depending on the tool used, the most efficient and safe way to remove the trim is to split the molding in the center then move up and down for complete removal.
ANSWER: D) Depending on the tool used, the most efficient and safe way to remove the trim is to split the molding in the center then move up and down for complete removal. (INCORRECT)
* Start at the TOP OR BOTTOM CORNER OR JOINT and work along PRYING the molding out from the wall.
(FFP - Ladders 3 7.4.3)
37
During a recent MUD the Deputy Chief visited to speak about safety at OLT fires. How many of the following statements made by the Chief were correct?
1. It is dangerous for more than one member to use tools at the same time in a small area, such as rooms in an OLT.
2. Holes in the floor are generally small and must be protected, generally by placing a door over them.
3. Bulging or hanging plaster should be removed from walls or ceilings.
4. Hanging wood lath, metal lath, or tin from a ceiling should be trimmed off and removed.
5. Tin should be folded to a size making it safe to carry and placed outside away from the line of travel.
6. Hanging ends of cable such as electric (BX), telephone and coaxial TV shall be secured near the ceiling. Loops of cable hanging down shall be pushed up out of the way.
A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6
ANSWER: C) 5 (Number 1 is INCORRECT)
1 - It is dangerous for MORE THAN ONE OR TWO MEMBERS to use tools at the same time in a small area, such as rooms in Old Law Tenements.
(FFP - Ladders 3 - 8)
38
According to Ladders 3, which statement about safety factors to consider at OLTs is incorrect?
A) Before exiting the building you must "stop" until you are assured it is safe to exit the building.
B) Whenever a member operates on a ladder of any kind, they must have enough hand control to ensure their safety.
C) No material shall be thrown out windows onto the roof of buildings or into any shaft.
D) Care shall be exersized when overhauling in bathrooms. A sudden collapse of the flooring due to fire weakening, rotting of the floor beams, the weight of fixtures and tile floors can occur.
ANSWER: C) No material shall be thrown out windows onto the roof of buildings or into any shaft. (INCORRECT)
* Do not throw materials into NARROW OR ENCLOSED shafts.
(FFP - Ladders 3 8.13)
39
Members are performing overhaul at a top floor fire in an OLT on a 98 degree day in an IDLH that has all visible fire knocked down and a medium smoke condition. Due to the extreme heat, the company officer should be aware that members operating in an IDLH under extreme weather condition may remove ____________________________________?
A) Only their bunker coat
B) Only their hood
C) Only their gloves
D) No PPE; all PPE must be worn in an IDLH atmopshere during overhaul
ANSWER: D) No PPE; all PPE must be worn in an IDLH atmopshere during overhaul
* Recent change
(FFP - Ladders 3 - 7)
40
Company officers must maintain communication with the members not operating under the immediate supervision to determine their status. The interval between contacts should be frequent enough to provide for the safety of the firefighters being monitored without monopolizing the frequency. Which of the following members is not under the immediate supervision of their officer?
A) The control firefighter straightening a kink in the hoseline on the 1st floor of a large 6-story H-Type MD, while his officer and nozzle team advance the line into the fire apartment on the top floor.
B) The irons firefighter searching off the search rope within voice contact of his officer.
C) The EFAS firefighter monitoring EFAS in the Battalion vehicle within visual contact of the FAST officer.
D) The can firefighter, who was left at the apartment door inside the fire apartment to maintain door control, and remains in contact with his officer via the HT.
ANSWER: D) The can firefighter, who was left at the apartment door inside the fire apartment to maintain door control, and remains in contact with his officer via the HT.
*Members are under the “immediate supervision” of
an officer when:They are within VISUAL OR VOICE contact of the officer OR they are working with a SEARCH or HOSELINE which is under the supervision of an officer.
```
ACRONYMN: “SHSH”
Search line
Hoseline
Sight
Hearing
```
(Lad 3 Tenements: 3.2.1 #11 Note)
41
You’re the first ladder officer to arrive at a fire on the top floor of a 4-story OLT. Your unit takes the following actions. Which one of them is incorrect?
A) Your OV proceeded to the roof with the saw and halligan hook, descended the fire escape and provided coordinated ventilation with interior operations.
B) You ensured that entry doors at the street level were chocked open, to enable the stretching of handlines or access by other members.
C) Upon entering the fire apartment you proceeded to the seat of the fire and tried to contain it by shutting the door. A thorough primary search was started at this point.
D) Your LCC remained on the turntable because the roof and OV firefighters accessed the roof via the AL and were operating over a heavy fire condition.
ANSWER: A) Your OV proceeded to the roof with the saw and halligan hook, descended the fire escape and provided coordinated ventilation with interior operations. (INCORRECT)
* Proceed to roof with SAW AND HALLIGAN
(Lad 3 Tenements: 3.2.1 #2, #7, 3.2.4 #5, 3.2.5 #2)
42
When members are performing the tactic ventilation for search, they must comply with certain procedures to ensure their own safety. Which procedure mentioned below is incorrect?
A) Prior to venting the windows for access, the member must determine if the ventilation profile indicates that the area is tenable for search and does not pose a high risk to the member.
B) Once a decision has been made and approval has been granted to enter, the member should clear out the window for access and be cognizant that a new flow path has been created.
C) Upon completion of clearing the window, the member should immediately enter the window and probe the immediate area for potential victims.
D) When using a fire escape for access to different floors, never vent a window that could allow fire to cut off the line of retreat.
ANSWER: C) Upon completion of clearing the window, the member should immediately enter the window and probe the immediate area for potential victims. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 5.7.3 Page 50; 5.7.5)
* Upon completion of clearing the window AND BEFORE ENTERING, reassess the smoke and heat condition to determine if the area is still tenable. If conditions now prevent access, immediately notify the Ladder Company officer of this situation.
43
Members of a busy Bronx ladder company are discussing the options the roof firefighter has for accessing the roof of an old law tenement. Of the following choices, which is the safest and most dependable method?
A) Tower Ladder
B) Aerial Ladder
C) Adjoining building
D) Rear fire escape
ANSWER: C) Adjoining building
(Ladders 3 3.2.6)
Note: The interior stairs are NEVER used
44
You’re the 2nd due ladder company officer arriving at a fire on the 2nd floor of a 5-story old law tenement. The fire is located in the rear of apartment 2B. The first due engine is in the process of stretching the first line to the 2nd floor, while the first ladder company inside team is conducting a primary search of the fire apartment. You take the following actions. Which one is incorrect?
A) You direct and control horizontal ventilation on the 3rd floor only. The IC is responsible to control horizontal ventilation of the 4th and 5th floor.
B) You direct your inside team to force two apartment doors on the 3rd floor as an area of refuge.
C) You make certain to check the adjoining apartment on the floor above the fire apartment as this may be even more severely exposed than the apartment directly over the fire apartment due to the construction of OLTs.
D) Prior to proceeding to the floor above the fire, you ensure that the officers on the fire floor are made aware of this team’s intention, so that members operating above can be warned of any situation necessitating withdrawal.
A) You direct and control horizontal ventilation on the 3rd floor only. The IC is responsible to control horizontal ventilation of the 4th and 5th floor. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3 3.4.2)
A - 2nd due ladder officer directs and controls horizontal ventilation on ALL FLOORS ABOVE THE FIRE FLOOR.
45
According to Ladders 3, the duties of the roof firefighter demand an experienced, observant and determined member capable of decisive action. Which of the following duties carried out by the roof firefighter at an old law tenement was performed incorrectly?
A) After confirming her way off the roof, she conducted a size-up of the roof for available vertical ventilation points including a visual survey of the exterior of the building.
B) After hearing the engine company officer operating inside the fire area request for initial vertical ventilation, she forced open the bulkhead door and took additional vertical ventilation tactics.
C) After hearing her officer request that she hold off on vertical ventilation until control of the fire apartment door could be accomplished, she forced open the bulkhead door to probe the landing for victims.
D) After completing her duties on the roof, she teamed up with the OV to VEIS the fire floor.
ANSWER: B) After hearing the engine company officer operating inside the fire area request for initial vertical ventilation, she forced open the bulkhead door and took additional vertical ventilation tactics. (INCORRECT)
* LADDER COMPANY OFFICER operating inside the fire area. Initial vertical ventilation is the venting of bulkheads, scuttles or skylights over stairwells and hallways.
* C - THIS IS NOT CONSIDERED VERTICAL VENTILATION
(Ladders 3: 3.2.6 Pages 14 & 15)
46
The 2nd to arrive OV firefighter has numerous responsibilities when operating at a fire in a tenement type multiple dwelling. Which one of the actions described below is correct?
A) The second OV shall search for victims and fire extension on all floors above the fire if teamed up with another member.
B) Prior to conducting any horizontal ventilation from the exterior, the second OV shall request permission from the Ladder Company Officer operating in the fire apartment.
C) When there is only a rear fire escape (railroad apartments) OR the fire apartment is in the rear, the second OV and second chauffer (or another available member) shall team up and enter the apartment directly over the fire from that fire escape.
D) When there is a front fire escape AND the fire apartment is in the front, the second OV and second roof firefighter (or another available member) shall team up and enter the apartment directly over the fire from that fire escape.
ANSWER: A) The second OV shall search for victims and fire extension on all floors above the fire if teamed up with another member.
(Ladders 3: 3.4.6)
B - The second OV shall request permission from THEIR LADDER COMPANY OFFICER IN ORDER TO COORDINATE VENTILATION TACTICS WITH INTERIOR OPERATIONS.
C - The second OV and SECOND ROOF FIREFIGHTER (OR ANOTHER AVAILABLE MEMBER)
D - The second OV and SECOND CHAUFFER (OR ANOTHER AVAILABLE MEMBER)
47
Roof ventilation is a critical component of any fire operation, especially at tenement type buildings. Which of the following comments pertaining to the duties of the roof firefighter at an old law tenement is correct?
A) Bulkhead doors are almost always self-closing. To keep the door open, either remove the lower hinge or block the door open.
B) If fire and smoke conditions are obviously heavy, immediate venting of the skylight prior to the removal of the scuttle cover to relieve interior would be justified.
C) If difficulty is encountered opening the bulkhead door, vent the skylight first. Units operating below shall be warned by HT after breaking the glass.
D) Skylights at roof level may have been removed and openings covered with roofing materials. It may be necessary to cut a hole over the stairs to vent stairway. The Ladder Company Officer should be informed that a saw is needed to accomplish this.
ANSWER: B) If fire and smoke conditions are obviously heavy, immediate venting of the skylight prior to the removal of the scuttle cover to relieve interior would be justified.
(Ladders 3: 3.2.6 #8)
A - Remove the UPPER HINGE
C - PRIOR to breaking the glass warn members by HT
D. THE INCIDENT COMMANDER should be informed when it may be necessary to cut a hole over the stairs.
48
For fires involving the top floor and/or cockloft in tenements there are some key operational variations for the second arriving ladder company. Listed below are several of those variations. Which one is incorrect?
A) The inside team shall proceed to the top floor to assist the first Ladder Company in entry and search of all top floor apartments.
B) The LCC shall position in front if the fire building and if not needed there, proceed to the roof.
C) The OV shall vent the fire apartment from the fire escape. If the first OV has already vented the fire apartment, then the second OV will vent the adjoining apartment as ordered.
D) Prior to conducting any horizontal ventilation tactics from the exterior, the second OV shall request permission from their officer in order to coordinate ventilation tactics with interior operations.
D) Prior to conducting any horizontal ventilation tactics from the exterior, the second OV shall request permission from their officer in order to coordinate ventilation tactics with interior operations.
(Ladders 3: 3.5.2)
* The second OV shall request permission from THE FIRST LADDER COMPANY OFFICER if it is the fire apt. If it’s an adjoining apartment, the 2nd OV shall contact the officer in the area to be vented
* ODD THAT THE OV REQUESTS PERMISSION FROM ANOTHER COMPANY’S OFFICER.*
**KNOW THIS POINT**
49
Maneuvering on the roof of the fire building can be extremely dangerous. There are certain precautions that the roof firefighter can take to ensure his or her safety on the roof. Which one is incorrect?
A) When momentarily blinded by smoke or darkness, and there is an immediate danger to the firefighter, it may be best for the member to remain in place until visibility is restored.
B) Before walking or moving on the roof when visibility is poor, or a heavy smoke condition exists, firefighters should crouch to a kneeling position.
C) In order to alert members to the presence of openings, roof level skylights and/or scuttle covers if removed, should be placed upside down on the roof.
D) If possible, firefighters should move from one roof to another near the front wall always checking his/her footing.
ANSWER: A) When momentarily blinded by smoke or darkness, and there is an immediate danger to the firefighter, it may be best for the member to remain in place until visibility is restored. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3 5.2)
* Do this if there is NO IMMEDIATE DANGER TO THE FIREFIGHTER.
50
You’re a ladder company officer investigating a reported smoke condition on the 3rd floor of an old law tenement. As you ascend to the callers apartment, your LCC contacts you stating that he’s discovered fire at the base of a dumbwaiter shaft in the cellar. You transmit a 10-75 and have the following thoughts. Which one is incorrect?
A) Dumbwaiter shafts are required to be nailed shut.
B) At least one apartment on each floor must be checked for fire extension.
C) All floors above must be checked for fire extension.
D) These shafts may extend above the roof.
ANSWER: B) At least one apartment on each floor must be checked for fire extension. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 4.1.2 and Figure 4E)
* Since some shafts served more than on apartment per floor, EACH APARTMENT needs to be checked for fire extension.
* Note A: This information is only written in Ladders 3 Figure 4E on page 30. Don’t give up information written within the pictures of a bulletin.
51
Which of the following statements concerning air and light shaft fires at an old law tenement is correct?
A) In recent years, due to inspection activity, shaft fires have originated much more frequently at the base of an open shaft than in an apartment.
B) While awaiting hoselines, members may extinguish fire around shaft windows with water from pots and pans.
C) In most cases, the draft created in the shaft will accelerate lateral extension into the exposed building.
D) The engine company after completely extinguishing fire in a room exposing the shaft, must direct the nozzle stream into the shaft and extinguish the shaft fire.
ANSWER: B) While awaiting hoselines, members may extinguish fire around shaft windows with water from pots and pans.
(Ladders 3 4.2)
A - Shaft fires have originated much more frequently IN THE APARTMENT than AT THE BASE of an open shaft
C - The draft will DELAY lateral extension.
D - The engine company, after KNOCKING DOWN fire in a room exposing the shaft, must direct the nozzle stream into the shaft and KNOCK DOWN the shaft fire before continuing through the apartment for additional KNOCK DOWN AND FINAL EXTINGUISHMENT.
Note: Cross Ref Ladders 3 Glossary: "Knocked Down" To have visible flame under control without complete extinguishment.
52
The Halligan tool has a variety of uses when operating at any type of building, particularly an old law tenement. Which use of the Halligan described below is correct?
A) To remove metal gates often found on fire escape windows use either the fork or adz end of the tool to pull the gate loose at the side opposite the locking device.
B) To loosen the bulkhead door from the upper hinge, open the door slightly and put the adz end of the tool between the door and the door jamb. Close the door on the tool loosening the hinge screws.
C) An alternative method to loosen the bulkhead door from the upper hinge, is to place the fork end of the tool between the door and the door jamb. Then apply outward or downward pressure.
D) To open windows to gain access from the fire escape place the fork end of the Halligan in the corner of the window and push down.
ANSWER: A) To remove metal gates often found on fire escape windows use either the fork or adz end of the tool to pull the gate loose at the side opposite the locking device.
(Ladders 3: 5.3.2 / Figures 5D, 5E, 5F and 5G)
**LOOK AT PICTURES WHEN READING**
B - Put the FORK END between the door and jamb
C - Place the ADZ END
D - In the CENTER of the window
53
Which cut should be the “knock out” cut when a coffin cut is being cut at a tenement fire?
A) The third cut
B) The second cut
C) The 1st cut
D) The last cut
ANSWER: B) The second cut
(Ladders 3 5.9.6)
* Cross Reference TL 6 (4th cut is KO cut when cutting a peaked roof PD)
54
Size-up of features and conditions that may influence an operation is a critical first step at any fire or emergency. Which of the following components of size-up at an old law tenement is correct?
A) Smoke may be seen issuing from the cornice upon arrival. If so, the cornice must be opened as soon as possible to check for fire in the cockloft.
B) When forcing entrance to an apartment with two doors always choose the door in the rear.
C) A rear fire escape with no front fire escape does not necessarily mean there are railroad flat apartments at a corner building.
D) Large quantities of black smoke observed over the roof may be an indication that the fire is in an open shaft.
ANSWER: C) A rear fire escape with no front fire escape does not necessarily mean there are railroad flat apartments at a corner building.
(Ladders 3: 5.4.1 A; 5.4.2 C; 5.4.3 A and C)
A - UNDER NO CONDITIONS should the cornice be opened for smoke. If still doubtful about the existence of fire in the cornice or cockloft, it can be examined by opening the ceiling below, or opening the returns if present.
B - When forcing entrance to an apartment with two doors, choose the door NORMALLY USED FOR ENTRANCE. Most railroad flats have a kitchen in the rear so that normal entrance doors will be the rear doors.
D - May be an indication of fire AT OR NEAR THE TOP OF THE BUILDING, namely, top floor fire, cockloft fire, stair bulkhead fire, or a fire on the roof.
55
A search is an orderly and systematic examination of a building or area for the purpose of locating a person, or locating fire and extension of fire. Which of the following remarks about conducting searches in an old law tenement is incorrect?
A) Upon completion of the primary searches, the secondary searches shall be conducted as soon as conditions permit and shall be conducted by units other than those who conducted the primary search of these areas.
B) Prior to proceeding above the fire, the second arriving ladder officer should ensure that the officers on the fire floor are made aware of his/her intentions so that those operating above can be warned of any situation necessitating withdrawal.
C) If you cannot gain entry into safe area on the floor above and the attack line is in position and ready to advance, you must immediately return to the fire floor, before the door to the fire area is opened.
D) On the fire floor, after opening the door, the inside team may find conditions too severe before the engine company has their line charged and are prepared to advance. In this instance they should immediately close the door.
ANSWER: D) On the fire floor, after opening the door, the inside team may find conditions too severe before the engine company has their line charged and are prepared to advance. In this instance they should immediately close the door. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 5.5.6; 5.5.7; 5.5.8; 5.5.9)
* In this instance they should PROBE THE AREA WITH A HAND OR TOOL, THEN CLOSE THE DOOR, being careful the door does not lock.
56
Which of the following tactics is incorrect regarding a dumbwaiter fire in an old law tenement?
A) If heavy smoke is venting out of a dumbwaiter bulkhead, the roof firefighter should vent the dumbwaiter bulkhead.
B) It is important that the top floor, cockloft and cellar are checked as soon as possible.
C) If after venting a dumbwaiter bulkhead, the roof firefighter does not see any appreciable volume of smoke venting, the roof firefighter should notify his/her officer.
D) If it is expected that the dumbwaiter shaft is obstructed, the roof firefighter should not probe the shaft with a hook.
ANSWER: A) If heavy smoke is venting out of a dumbwaiter bulkhead, the roof firefighter should vent the dumbwaiter bulkhead. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 4.3)
* The roof firefighter should INFORM HIS/HER OFFICER. If FIRE is reported in the dumbwaiter shaft, the roof firefighter should vent the dumbwaiter bulkhead.
Note D: Ladders 3 Page 19 NOTE: To ensure an unobstructed outlet for shafts OTHER THAN DUMBWAITER SHAFTS, probe with hook to detect possible presence of a glazed sash or other covering and remove it.
57
In old law tenements, the Ladder Company Officer must control and coordinate all ventilation tactics by the inside and outside team. Uncontrolled and uncoordinated ventilation tactics can precipitate rapid fire extension and production of large volumes of smoke, which can endanger occupants and firefighters. Which of the following ventilation tactics is incorrect?
A) Ventilation for extinguishment entails venting window(s) of the immediate fire area as the engine company is extinguishing the fire.
B) When the member on the exterior hears the notification from the engine officer to the IC that they are applying water on the fire, he/she may now ventilate the windows in the immediate fire area.
C) When members wish to perform additional horizontal ventilation away from the immediate fire area, this must be communicated and coordinated by the ladder company officer in the area prior to performing such ventilation.
D) When performing ventilation for search for a known life hazard, this action must be communicated to the ladder company officer.
ANSWER: B) When the member on the exterior hears the notification from the engine officer to the IC that they are applying water on the fire, he/she may now ventilate the windows in the immediate fire area. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 5.7.2; 5.7.3)
* Before venting the window(s) the member must communicate with and RECEIVE APPROVAL from the Ladder Company Officer.
58
No member shall enter, leave or operate in an IDLH atmosphere unless the member teams-up with a least one other member and remains in visual or voice contact with that member. The only exception to this Federal mandated standard for the teaming of members, is when a known life hazard is found and immediate action could prevent the loss of life. This does not apply to standard search and rescue procedures. In all incidents of such individual action, the Incident Commander shall forward a report to the ___.
A) Borough Commander
B) Chief of Operations
C) Chief of Department
D) Fire Commissioner
ANSWER: B) Chief of Operations
| Ladders 3: Page 49
59
Cutting the roof of a tenement at a top floor fire is critical to the overall success of the fire operation. To be successful, the roof operating forces must fully understand the following points. Which one is incorrect?
A) When a serious fire occurs on the top floor or in the cockloft, it is still of paramount importance to provide initial ventilation before getting involved in the slower work of cutting the roof.
B) Initially, approximately a 3’x6’ coffin cut is recommended.
C) The saw is designed that whenever possible, the roof covering is cut prior to the roof boards.
D) One large expandable hole is more efficient and safer than many smaller holes.
ANSWER: C) The saw is designed that whenever possible, the roof covering is cut prior to the roof boards. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 5.9.2; 5.9.4; 5.9.5)
* The saw is designed that whenever possible, ROOF BOARDS AND COVERINGS SHALL BE CUT IN ONE OPERATION.
60
The size and location of a roof cut will depend on fire conditions. When performing the “coffin cut” seven cuts are performed. It’s important that the roof is not opened until all cuts are completed. Which number cut is the “knock out” cut?
A) #1
B) #2
C) #4
D) #7
ANSWER: B) #2
(Ladders 3: 5.9.6)
* Note: Even though the roof is not opened until all seven cuts are completed, the “knock out” cut is the SECOND cut in the sequence. *DON’T BE CONFUSED BY THESE TWO POINTS”
61
A search is an orderly and systematic examination of a building or area for the purpose of locating persons, or locating fire and extension of fire. It consists of a primary and secondary search. Which statement below is incorrect?
A) The primary search is an immediate search for life. This primary search is rapid but thorough and systematic.
B) The primary search must also include the entire perimeter of the building and all shafts, basements/cellars, etc.
C) If primary or secondary search is delayed or not completed for any reason, the incident commander must be notified.
D) When searching or examining a number of apartments it may be quicker to enter from the related fire escape then to force numerous doors.
ANSWER: B) The primary search must also include the entire perimeter of the building and all shafts, basements/cellars, etc. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 5.5.1; 5.5.2; 5.5.4)
* THE SECONDARY SEARCH must also include the entire perimeter of the building and all shafts, basements/cellars, etc.
62
At tenement fires, all horizontal and initial vertical ventilation tactics must be controlled, communicated to and coordinated by the ladder company officer. Which of the following ventilation techniques is incorrect?
A) When venting windows of the fire apartment from the fire escape first check them for heat. Look for discoloration of the glass (generally brownish).
B) Energy efficient windows may not give any signs of heat; contact the ladder company officer before VEIS.
C) When venting multiple windows from the fire escape, first break the window on the fire escape and then the window off the fire escape.
D) All members should carry a utility cord for use in operations, e.g., venting of windows on lower floors, guide line during search, raising or lowering tools or hose etc.
ANSWER: C) When venting multiple windows from the fire escape, first break the window on the fire escape and then the window off the fire escape. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 5.8.1 and 5.8.3)
* When venting multiple windows from the fire escape, first break the window OFF the fire escape and then the window ON the fire escape.
63
Top floor fires in old law tenements often times extend to the cockloft. Operating members need to determine if the fire has entered the cockloft as soon as conditions permit and relay this information to the Incident Commander. Which comment below is correct for members to consider when checking the cockloft for fire extension?
A) When fire is burning in a top floor apartment, it is important for members to wait until the fire is “knocked down” before examining the cockloft.
B) An early inspection can be made by going to a room adjacent to the fire (within the fire apartment only) and opening an observation hole in that ceiling.
C) If fire can be seen burning in the cockloft the observation hole should be immediately expanded to define the extent of the fire.
D) It is good practice while waiting for a charged hoseline to ventilate all the windows in the apartment, because once the ceiling is opened the floor will quickly become filled with smoke.
ANSWER: D) It is good practice while waiting for a charged hoseline to ventilate all the windows in the apartment, because once the ceiling is opened the floor will quickly become filled with smoke.
(Ladders 3: 5.9.6 NOTE)
A - When fire is burning in a top floor apartment, it is NOT EFFICIENT to wait until the fire is “knocked down” before examining the cockloft.
B - An early inspection can be made by going to a room adjacent to the fire (IN THE SAME OR ADJOINING APARTMENT) and opening an observation hole in that ceiling.
C - If fire can be seen burning in the cockloft the observation hole should NOT BE EXPANDED UNTIL A CHARGED HOSELINE HAS BEEN POSITIONED.
64
Although power saws are used for cutting the roof in modern firefighting, instructions for cutting the roof with an axe are still valid in that total reliance cannot be placed on power equipment. Which method below is described incorrectly?
A) The approximate location of a roof beam may be determined by “sounding’ with the back of the axe.
B) The roof sheathing is placed at right angles to the roof beams and generally run from side to side.
C) Cut through the roof sheathing at opposite sides of the proposed opening close to the beam to lessen the bounce of the axe and the resultant binding action when the axe goes through the springy portion of the sheathing.
D) When there is a tin covering between the asphalt covering and the roof boards, it will require an accurate cut to separate the tin from the roof boards. This frequently requires two cutting operations.
ANSWER: B) The roof sheathing is placed at right angles to the roof beams and generally run from side to side. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 5.9.7)
* The roof sheathing is placed at right angles to the roof beams and generally run from FRONT TO REAR.
65
There are occasions when the roof firefighter may attempt to use a removed bulkhead door to gain access to the roof of a bulkhead. When this technique is employed which statement below is incorrect?
A) The roof firefighter drove the hook end of the halligan into the roof.
B) She then positioned the door against the bulkhead at a 35 degree angle with the roof.
C) The halligan should be perpendicular to the bottom of the door for safety reasons.
D) After gaining access to and venting a high bulkhead, the roof firefighter should get off the same place where they gained access.
ANSWER: C) The halligan should be perpendicular to the bottom of the door for safety reasons. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 5.3.3 B & C)
* The halligan should be PARALLEL to the bottom of the door for safety reasons.
B - Figure 5I denotes door against bulkhead at a 30 to 45 degree angle (35 is good)
66
In Old Law Tenements, the infrequently used procedure, of going from front to rear apartments or vice versa through the common partition may be used as an escape route. To accomplish this a member shall take the following steps. Which one is incorrect?
A) Use the halligan, hook or axe. This is the order of preference but all can do the job.
B) Start low. Punch a hole slightly below waist level.
C) The tool is placed in a bay with the bottom anchored against the opposite side of the partition. The firefighter then pulls the tool towards themselves using short strokes to snap lath off on their side.
D) With the tool, the member knocks off the lath on the far side of the bay. Do not kick the lath off as this could result in the members leg becoming trapped.
ANSWER: D) With the tool, the member knocks off the lath on the far side of the bay. Do not kick the lath off as this could result in the members leg becoming trapped. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 6.1.1; 6.1.2; 6.1.3; 6.1.4)
* WITH THE SOLE OF HIS/HER BOOT, THE MEMBER CAN KICK THE LATH OFF THE FAR SIDE OF THE BAY.
**A BIT ODD THAT WE ARE TOLD TO KICK THE WALL. ALWAYS MAKE A NOTE OF ANYTHING OUT OF THE ORDINARY THAT YOU COME ACROSS IN OUR BOOKS**
67
Overhauling at a fire in an old law tenement will expedite final extinguishment and minimize damage to the structure and its contents. Which statement below concerning overhauling is incorrect?
A) The term overhauling shall include any opening up of walls, ceilings, partitions, voids, etc. while checking for extension or to extinguish fire during the pre-control as well as during the post control phase of operations.
B) When performing overhaul operations, all members must wear their Department issued PPE including bunker pants, bunker boots, helmet, protective hood and gloves.
C) When performing overhaul operations in an IDLH environment, the SCBA and bunker coat may only be dispensed with when authorized by the IC.
D) Pre-control overhauling begins as soon as possible after the fire has been knocked down. D. Post-control overhauling is the continued operation that takes place after the fire is under control to ensure that there is complete fire extinguishment.
ANSWER: C) When performing overhaul operations in an IDLH environment, the SCBA and bunker coat may only be dispensed with when authorized by the IC. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 7.0; 8.4)
* When performing overhaul operations in an IDLH environment, members must USE THEIR SCBA AND WEAR their Department issued PPE including BUNKER COAT, bunker pants, bunker boots, helmet, protective hood and gloves. **NO EXCEPTIONS**
CROSS REF 8.4 “When performing overhaul operations, all members must wear their Department issued PPE including bunker coat, bunker pants, bunker boots, helmets, protective hoods and gloves.” (**IDLH NOT MENTIONED HERE**)
**DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OVERHAULING IN IDLH AND NON-IDLH IS THAT SCBA IS REQUIRED TO BE USED IN IDLH.**
**ALSO, BE CAREFUL WITH THE WORDS “USED” VS “WORN”:
USED=FACEPIECE DONNED
WORN=SCBA ON WITHOUT FACEPIECE DONNED
* NEW TO LADDERS 3 AS OF MARCH 2019 *
68
In an OLT, the search for fire extension on the fire floor is started as soon as possible. Many fires do not initially ignite the structure. The contents of a building are ignited and burn first, then the flames spread to the structure. Which of the comments regarding fire extension in an OLT is incorrect?
A) The partitions that separate apartments in Old Law Tenements are often fire stopped between the ceiling of one floor and the underside of the floor above. This will prevent lateral extension across the building.
B) The search for fire extension is often done by sense of touch alone. All places where fire might have extended and display no immediate signs of burning such as discoloration, blistering, smoke, etc. should be examined by touch.
C) When checking for extension, there are six sides to examine in the fire area.
D) In Old Law Tenements, the floor beams are laid parallel to the front of the building thus forming horizontal channels for fire travel as far as both side walls (bearing walls) of the building.
ANSWER: A) The partitions that separate apartments in Old Law Tenements are often fire stopped between the ceiling of one floor and the underside of the floor above. This will prevent lateral extension across the building. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 7.1.2; 7.1.3; 7.1.6; 7.1.7)
* The partitions that separate apartments in Old Law Tenements are NOT fire stopped between the ceiling of one floor and the underside of the floor above. This MAY PERMIT lateral extension across the building and could be first discovered by the unit working on the floor above the fire floor when they encounter extension and/or an unusually heavy smoke condition in the apartment which is not directly over the fire apartment.
69
You’re the first arriving ladder company officer operating at a fire on the top floor of an old law tenement. You’re conducting overhaul and have the following thoughts. Which one is incorrect?
A) After the fire has been knocked down it is the responsibility of the first ladder company to arrive to determine if the fire is extending and where it is extending.
B) The ceilings should be opened first starting at a point where the fire was most intense and working towards a clean area of ceiling space.
C) Steel columns will only be found in New Law Tenements, not Old Law Tenements. Boxed out areas around a steel column create a natural void.
D) If a boxed out protrusion on a wall contains a steel column and was involved in fire, then the entire length of this void will have to be examined.
ANSWER: C) Steel columns will only be found in New Law Tenements, not Old Law Tenements. Boxed out areas around a steel column create a natural void.
(Ladders 3: 7.2.1; 7.2.2; 7.2.6)
* Steel columns may be found in New Law Tenements OR OLD LAW TENEMENTS.
70
When operating as the second due ladder company on the floor above in an old law tenement which of the following conditions is not an indication that fire has extended to the floor above and justifies calling for a hand line?
A) A smoke condition at the apartment entrance.
B) High temperatures only at the ceiling level.
C) Crackling sound heard.
D) A fiery glow seen through the smoke.
ANSWER: A) A smoke condition at the apartment entrance. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 7.3.1)
* A smoke condition at the apartment entrance IS NOT ENOUGH REASON TO BELIEVE THAT FIRE HAS EXTENDED TO THIS FLOOR.
* However, high temperatures even only at the ceiling level or a crackling sound heard within the apartment or a fiery glow seen through the smoke are all indications of fire extension and justify calling for a hand line.
71
There are numerous concealed spaces in an old law tenement that must be opened up to ensure the fire is completely extinguished prior to leaving the scene. Which feature below is described incorrectly?
A) Beams in OLT’s generally run parallel to the side walls. Lath is attached at right angles to the beams and runs side to side.
B) When pulling ceilings the firefighter should not stand directly below the ceiling being pulled.
C) When pulling sheetrock ceilings be aware they may fall in large heavy sections.
D) The handle or point if the hook may be used to make small probing holes to check for extension or allow water to flow out as opposed to pulling.
ANSWER: A) Beams in OLT’s generally run parallel to the side walls. Lath is attached at right angles to the beams and runs side to side.
(Ladders 3: 7.4.1)
* Beams in OLT’s generally run parallel to THE FRONT AND REAR WALLS. Lath is attached at right angles to the beams and runs FRONT TO REAR.
72
You’re the second arriving ladder company overhauling on the floor above the fire in an old law tenement. Which action below is correct?
A) When a wall or partition is too hot to keep your hand on, it should be opened at the hot spot to cutoff extension.
B) If fire is found in a bay, it and one adjoining bay should be opened for examination.
C) If fire is found extending to the floor above, the ceiling or walls should not be opened until a charged line has been called for, because of the possibility of intensifying the fire.
D) The officer assigned the task of overhauling the floors above the fire should make an examination of the room or floor where the fire originated.
ANSWER: D) The officer assigned the task of overhauling the floors above the fire should make an examination of the room or floor where the fire originated.
(Ladders 3: 7.3.2; 7.3.4; 7.3.5)
A - When a wall or partition is too hot to keep your hand on, it should be opened ABOVE the hot spot to cut off extension.
B - If fire is found in a bay, it AND BOTH adjoining bays should be opened for examination.
C - If fire is found extending to the floor above, the ceiling or walls should not be opened UNTIL A CHARGED LINE is in position because of the possibility of intensifying the fire.
73
If a known life hazard is discovered at a fire and immediate action could prevent the loss of life, appropriate action (rescue activity) may be taken by an individual member. This applies only for a known life hazard, not for standard search and rescue activity. Which option accurately describes a "known life hazard?"
A) Victim can be seen by the rescuer
B) Victim can be heard by the rescuer
C) A member has information from a credible source or person at the scene indicating the location of the life hazard.
D) All of the above
ANSWER: D) All of the above
| Ladders 3, section 1.1
74
Please choose from the list below the incorrect description of VEIS (vent, entry, isolate, search)?
A) VEIS is the approved tactic when entering a structure through an opening (door or window) to search an area for the location of the fire or to locate possible victims.
B) The priority upon entering the area via a window is to open the door to that room or area in order to expose that area being searched.
C) When entering a fire area via a doorway entrance, the door needs to be controlled until the fire area is further isolated or a charged hose line is advancing on the fire.
D) By isolating the area, the members are controlling the flow path of the fire, heat and smoke towards the ventilation point as well as controlling the air flow from the ventilation point towards the fire area.
B) The priority upon entering the area via a window is to open the door to that room or area in order to expose that area being searched. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, definitions)
* Priority upon entering is to CLOSE the door to ISOLATE the area being searched.
75
You are conducting a drill on Ladder company operations in tenements. The topic of discussion revolves around the items that should be considered by the 2nd ladder company officer prior to proceeding to the floor above the fire. Which one of the items from the list below does not have to be considered?
A) Consideration of a second means of egress before going above
B) Line placement and availability of water.
C) Control of the fire apartment door
D) Severity and location of the fire
ANSWER: A) Consideration of a second means of egress before going above (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, 3.4.2)
* Consideration of an AREA OF REFUGE
* For Private Dwelling fires consider a second means of egress when going to the floor above.
* For tenement fires, consider an area of refuge.
* When operating on the floors above the fire, members should force one or more doors on each floor to provide an area of refuge.
76
A fire breaks out in the front apartment on the third floor of an old law tenement and E-16/L-7 are 1st due. Lieutenant Mancuso is 3 rooms deep when his escape route is cut off and he needs to breach a wall or partition to an uninvolved area. He is planning on going from the front to rear apartment via the common wall. To accomplish this there is a preference of tools to do the job. Which tool is the second preference?
A) Helmet
B) Hook
C) Halligan
D) Axe
ANSWER: B) Hook
(Ladders 3, 6.1.1)
"HaHA"
1. Halligan
2. Hook
3. Axe
77
Ladder 132, an Aerial Ladder in Bedford Stuyvesant, arrived 1st due for a fire on the 2nd story of a 6 story OLT. Ladder 132's Roof FF should know that the proper order for access to the roof in this building is indicated in which choice below?
A) Adjoining building / Aerial / Rear fire escape
B) 1st due Aerial / 2nd due Aerial / Adjoining building
C) Adjoining building / Tower Ladder / Rear fire escape
D) Aerial ladder / Adjoining building / Rear fire escape
ANSWER: A) Adjoining building / Aerial / Rear fire escape
(Ladders 3, 3.2 F)
"BAR"
78
The 1st due Roof FF at a NLT Dumbwaiter fire performed which incorrect action?
A) Upon seeing heavy smoke from the dumbwaiter, the Roof FF informed his officer.
B) When accessing the roof, the Roof FF checked for a second means of egress.
C) Upon hearing his officer report to the chief, "fire in the dumbwaiter shaft" he vented the dumbwaiter bulkhead.
D) Put his gloved hand inside the shaft to check for any obstruction that would hinder ventilation.
ANSWER: D) Put his gloved hand inside the shaft to check for any obstruction that would hinder ventilation. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, 4.3.7)
* Member SHOULD NOT place any part of their body in the shaft.
* In most cases these shafts are not in use, but they still may contain heavy objects not substantially secured that may fall through the shaft, such as pulleys, mechanisms, etc.
C - If fire is reported in the dumbwaiter shaft, the roof firefighter should vent the dumbwaiter bulkhead.
79
You are the 1st due ladder at a top floor OLT apartment fire. Which of the below actions are incorrect?
A) It is not efficient to wait until the fire is knocked down before examining the cockloft.
B) An early inspection of the cockloft can be made by going to the room adjacent to the fire (in the same or adjoining apartment) and opening an observation hole in the ceiling.
C) The observation hole should not be expanded until a charged hoseline has been positioned.
D) It's good practice while waiting for a charged line to vent all windows on the top floor because once the ceiling is opened the floor will quickly become filled with smoke.
ANSWER: D) It's good practice while waiting for a charged line to vent all windows on the top floor because once the ceiling is opened the floor will quickly become filled with smoke (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, pg 54 Note)
* Vent all windows in the FIRE APARTMENT only.
80
You are a Lt. supervising overhaul operations after a top floor fire has been extinguished in an OLT. Which of the following structural elements may be removed from the building? (More than 1 correct)
A) Lintels, only if deeply charred
B) Floor joists, if there is no other way to extinguish them.
C) Roof joists, if there is no other way to extinguish them.
D) Wooden structural members that are scorched or have blistered paint.
ANSWER: B and C may be removed
B) Floor joists, if there is no other way to extinguish them.
C) Roof joists, if there is no other way to extinguish them.
(Ladders 3, section 9.3)
* Lintels should NOT be removed.
* Wooden structural members that are DEEPLY CHARRED can be removed. (Scorched or blistered paint should be left in apartment for possible reuse)
81
The officer of the 2nd due Truck on the floor above the fire in an OLT is instructed by the All Hands BC to cut open the flooring above because they cannot fully extinguish the fire in the ceiling from below. In this situation, the officer would be incorrect to think which choice shown below?
A) Cuts that are parallel to the joist should be made close to the opposite joists of the bays adjoining the one we wish to expose.
B) Cuts should be made to expose the entire bay and it's joists, as well as the two adjoining bays
C) Cutting with a saw is the most efficient method.
D) If cutting a floor with an axe, cut at a 60 degree angle straight across the grain.
ANSWER: D) If cutting a floor with an axe, cut at a 60 degree angle straight across the grain. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 7.4.2)
* If cutting with an axe = 60 degree / CUT ON A BIAS
82
While supervising operations on the floor above, a 2nd ladder company officer would be accurate in which choice shown below?
A) If a wall is too hot to keep your hand on, it should first be opened right at the hot spot.
B) If fire is found in a bay, that bay and at least two adjoining bays on each side should be opened for examination.
C) When fire is found extending to the floor above, the ceiling or wall with extension should immediately be fully opened to define the outer edge of the fire.
D) To make small probing holes in the ceiling, use the handle or the point of the hook.
ANSWER: D) To make small probing holes in the ceiling, use the handle or the point of the hook.
(Ladders 3, section 7.3.2)
A - Open up ABOVE the hot spot
B - ONE ADJOINING BAY ON EACH SIDE
C - DO NOT OPEN UNTIL CHARGED LINE IS IN PLACE
83
While overhauling in hot weather, the IC may permit members to remove only which article of PPE?
A) Bunker coat
B) Bunker pants
C) Bunker coat and pants
D) Bunker coat and gloves
E) None of the above
ANSWER: E) None of the above
* When performing overhaul operations, all members MUST wear their Department issued PPE
including bunker coat, bunker pants, bunker boots, helmets, protective hoods and gloves.
* Change as of 3/14/19
84
You are the 2nd due Ladder Officer operating on the floor above at an OLT fire. Which of the following conditions found on the floor above the fire apartment would not justify you calling for a second line to the floor above?
A) A smoke condition found at the apartment entrance.
B) High temperatures only at the ceiling level.
C) A cracklings sound heard within the apartment
D) A fiery glow seen through the smoke.
ANSWER: A) A smoke condition found at the apartment entrance. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 7.3.1)
* A smoke condition DOES NOT justify calling for a line to the floor above.
85
While overhauling at tenement fires, a Ladder Officer would be correct to think that which choice below is accurate?
A) In tenements, you will find steel "I" beams and steel "I" columns.
B) You will also find steel in all OLT's.
C) A member operating on the roof of a building for a lower floor fire that detects heat at the base of a soil pipe, should promptly initiate a 3' x 6' roof cut.
D) When a boxed out protrusion existing on a wall contains a steel column that was involved in fire, then the entire length of this void will have to be examined.
ANSWER: D) When a boxed out protrusion existing on a wall contains a steel column that was involved in fire, then the entire length of this void will have to be examined.
(Ladders 3, section 7.1.7, Fig 7A and 7B)
A - OLT's have steel "I" beams and STEEL "H" COLUMNS (Figure 7A)
B - You'll find steel in RENOVATED tenements. (7A)
C - Fire on lower floors and member detects heat at soil pipe, an INSPECTION HOLE can be cut. (7B)
* Information ONLY found in pictures.
86
You are supervising overhauling operations after a fire has been knocked down in an OLT apartment. You would be incorrect to consider which point while supervising operations?
A) The partitions that separate apartments in OLT buildings are not fire stopped between the ceiling of one floor and the underside of the floor above.
B) Floor beams are laid parallel to the front of the building in OLT's.
C) Fire traveling in the bay between floor beams not only permits lateral fire extension within the building, but also extension into an adjoining building via beam ends or defective masonry.
D) The horizontal arteries allowing lateral extension between the ceiling of one floor and the underside of the floor above exist in every bay from the front to the rear of the building.
ANSWER: D) The horizontal arteries allowing lateral extension between the ceiling of one floor and the underside of the floor above exist in every bay from the front to the rear of the building. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 7.1.6)
* An EXCEPTION exists where these horizontal arteries are interrupted by public hall and stairs which retard lateral
extension.
* Horizontal arteries allowing extension DO NOT EXIST IN EVERY BAY.
87
A member who is trapped in a front apartment of an OLT and wants to escape by going through the partition wall of the rear apartment would be correct to think which choice below is accurate?
A) The order of preference is the use of the halligan, axe, or hook to break through the wall.
B) A hole should be punched right about waist level, before using short strokes to snap the lath off the near wall.
C) For best results, open up the opposite side of the wall at the same time as you open up the near side of the wall.
D) Use the Swim Move or the Reduced Profile Maneuver to love through the opening.
ANSWER: D) Use the Swim Move or the Reduced Profile Maneuver to move through the opening.
(Ladders 3, section 6.1.1-6.1.5)
A - Order of preference: HALLIGAN/HOOK/AXE "HaHA"
B - Hole punched SLIGHTLY BELOW waist level
C - Keep opposite side of the wall INTACT
88
When a fire is burning in a top floor apartment, it is not efficient to wait until the fire is knocked down before examining the cockloft. An early inspection can be made by going to a room adjacent to the fire (in the same or adjoining apartment) and opening an observation hole in the ceiling. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
A) Agree B) Disagree
ANSWER: A) Agree
| Ladders 3, section 5.9.6 Note
89
Ladder Company members arriving on the scene of a top floor fire in a 6 story NLT building were incorrect in which action below?
A) They performed initial roof ventilation of the bulkhead, skylights and scuttles before cutting the roof.
B) After venting the roof, they communicated the impact on the ventilation profile of the fire
C) They then cut a 3' x 6' coffin cut on the roof directly over the fire.
D) When cutting, made the 1st cut 3' long, the 2nd cut 6' long, and make the third cut as their knockout cut.
ANSWER: D) When cutting, made the 1st cut 3' long, the 2nd cut 6' long, and make the third cut as their knockout cut. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 5.9.2, 5.9.4, 5.9.6)
* 2nd cut is "knockout cut"
90
During search procedures in NFP buildings, which choice would be correct to state?
A) The Ladder Officer shall be notified when a search team enters from the exterior to conduct a standard search or a search for a known life hazard.
B) The Ladder Officer may decide to disapprove an entry for standard search activities by an OV or an LCC. This guideline does not apply when their is a known life hazard.
C) A member entering for search from an exterior window should know that after clearing out the window, then reassessing the smoke and heat, then probing the immediate area, the priority action is then to begin conducting the search.
D) When searching a room, if a victim is found, immediately transmit a 10-45 with the appropriate sub code, and include your location and planned exit route.
ANSWER: A) The Ladder Officer shall be notified when a search team enters from the exterior to conduct a standard search or a search for a known life hazard.
(Ladders 3, section 5.7.3)
B - Ladder Officer can disapprove entry whether it is for standard search or search for a known life hazard. (Inside team may have quicker access to the victim)
C - Priority action upon entering a room is to ISOLATE THE AREA.
D - When giving a 10-45 DO NOT include the sub code.
91
Members arrive at the scene of an OLT fire on the 3rd floor of a 6 story building. The members observe/receive the following information regarding life hazards on the scene:
1 - Dispatcher informs them on arrival: "reports of people trapped"
2 - They see a victim hanging out of a window.
3 - They hear a victim moaning for help from the fire
escape.
4 - A 15 year old boy on scene states "My mother is is the back bedroom, I could not get her out"
5 - A police officer on scene states "I saw 2 people at the window on the 3rd floor, I tried to get in, and I couldn't make it."
How many of these situations constitute a "known life hazard?"
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
ANSWER: C) 4 (statements 2-5 are known life hazards)
(Ladders 3, section 5.7.3)
* The dispatcher is a credible source HOWEVER HE IS NOT ON SCENE.
* Choices 4 and 5 are CREDIBLE PERSONS AT THE SCENE indicating the LOCATION of a known life hazard.
92
At 1300 hrs the 1st ladder company OV is on the fire floor fire escape at a fire on the 3rd floor of a 6 story OLT. The OV is waiting to perform horizontal ventilation for extinguishment. He then hears the following 3 statements:
1 - "E-69 to E-69 chauffeur, start water"
2 - "E-69 to Command, we have a high heat condition, just starting the attack"
3) "E-69 to Command, we have water on the fire".
In this situation the 1st OV may now immediately vent the windows in the immediate fire area only for extinguishment purposes to facilitate the engine companies advance? Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
A) Agree
B) Disagree
ANSWER: B) Disagree
(Ladders 3, section 5.7.2)
* These transmissions are an indication to the exterior member to PREPARE to conduct ventilation for extinguishment. Before venting the window(s) the
member must communicate with and receive approval from the Ladder Company Officer.
93
When searching, which point below is inaccurate regarding search tactics?
A) A low mattress may indicate a bunk bed, check for an upper bunk.
B) Narrow, tapered legs with wheels in a bedroom may indicate a crib.
C) Narrow legs close together in a kitchen may indicate a high chair
D) A locked bathroom door is usually an indication that no one is inside.
ANSWER: D) A locked bathroom door is usually an indication that no one is inside. (Incorrect)
(Ladders 3, Figures pgs 45-46)
* This is usually an indication that SOMEONE IS INSIDE.
94
Who is responsible for maintaining control of the door to the fire apartment and insuring units operating above the fire floor are made aware of any conditions affecting their safety?
A) 1st Ladder Officer
B) 1st Engine Officer
C) 2nd Engine Officer
D) The Engine and Ladder Officers operating on the fire floor.
ANSWER: D) The Engine and Ladder Officers operating on the fire floor.
(Ladders 3, section 5.5.9 Note)
* All officers on fire floor are responsible for safety of units going above.
95
You are the 1st arriving truck company officer operating at a 4th floor fire in a 5 story OLT. while conducting and supervising searches at this fire, you would be correct to think which choice below?
A) You should be certain that the area in the vicinity of the entrance door, and behind the entrance door is searched for possible victims at some point during the room or apartment search.
B) If any primary or secondary search is delayed or not completed for any reason, the 2nd due ladder company officer should be notified.
C) The 1st OV attempting to perform search from the fire floor fire escape must notify his officer before any ventilation is attempted for a suspected life hazard. This notification is not required for known life hazards.
D) If the 1st OV cannot make entry into the fire apartment he should probe the immediate area with hand, foot or tool. If the adjoining apartment is charged with heat or smoke the OV should notify his officer before making entry (when teamed) into this adjoining apartment.
ANSWER: D) If the 1st OV cannot make entry into the fire apartment he should probe the immediate area with hand, foot or tool. If the adjoining apartment is charged with heat or smoke the OV should notify his officer before making entry (when teamed) into this adjoining apartment.
(Ladders 3, section 5.5.2)
A - Search behind entrance door BEFORE searching entire room
B - Delayed searches = NOTIFY IC
C - Notification is required for ANY HORIZONTAL VENTILATION.
96
Members conducting size up at OLT fires, would be correct in which choice below?
A) Smoke issuing from the cornice and showing readily from the cornice, indicates that smoke and heat are entering the cockloft and that the cornice should be opened.
B) If doubtful about the existence of fire in the cornice or cockloft, open up the returns or open the roof above with a 3' x 6' initial cut.
C) When determining where to place a roof cut, use the sense of touch at the base of soil or waste pipes.
D) A rapidly rising column of smoke with particles or embers ascending to higher levels, visible over the roof top of the building frequently is an indication of a top floor fire.
ANSWER: C) When determining where to place a roof cut, use the sense of touch at the base of soil or waste pipes.
(Ladders 3, section 5.4.3)
A - Cornice should NOT be opened for smoke.
B - Open up the CEILING BELOW.
D - This is an indication of a OPEN SHAFT FIRE.
97
A ladder company arrives at the scene of a fire on the 3rd floor of a 6 story OLT building that is on the corner of 3rd Avenue and 109th street. The front of the building is on 3rd Avenue and has 4 front windows and no front fire escape. In regards to their size up, the members would be incorrect to think which point below?
A) The frontage size up clearly indicates the building has two railroad flats.
B) If there are 6 mailboxes on each wall of the entrance hall, this would generally indicate railroad flats.
C) Apartments numbered 1N and 1S and 2N and 2S, would generally mean two apartments per floor.
D) Four doors on each floor does not necessarily indicate 4 apartments per floor.
ANSWER: A) The frontage size up clearly indicates the building has two railroad flats. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 5.4.1 A and C)
* When the building has four (4) windows per floor and no front fire escape, it indicates two (2) railroad flats (Old Law Tenement) with a rear fire escape.
* THIS DOES NOT NECESSARILY APPLY TO A CORNER BUILDING.
98
A company officer conducting a drill on the Roof FF's position at an OLT fire was incorrect in which statement?
A) Never attempt to climb onto or off a bulkhead or similar type structure at a spot near or next to an open shaft.
B) Never attempt to climb onto or off a bulkhead or similar type structure at a spot near a building wall that faces on a shaft, areaway, courtyard or street.
C) To gain access to the roof of a bulkhead, position a halligan as a stop parallel to the bottom of a removed bulkhead door, with the door placed at an angle of 30-45 degrees with the roof.
D) If in doubt regarding where you are getting off a roof bulkhead, drop an object (never a tool) and listen to the sound of it hitting the roof surface.
ANSWER: D) If in doubt regarding where you are getting off a roof bulkhead, drop an object (never a tool) and listen to the sound of it hitting the roof surface. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 5.3.3 A and C)
* DROP A TOOL IF NECESSARY.
99
Which is an incorrect procedure for Roof FF's when maneuvering on the roof of a fire building?
A) The Roof FF must plan alternative routes, then continually monitor the fire and it's effect on the alternatives for as long as the firefighter is on the roof.
B) If possible, the Roof FF should move from one roof to another near the front wall always checking his footing as described below.
C) In order to alert members to the presence of openings, roof level skylights and/or scuttle covers if removed, should be placed upside down on the roof.
D) Before walking or moving on a roof when visibility is poor, or a heavy smoke condition exists, firefighters should crouch to a kneeling position. Members should prove the roof surface by either swinging a tool or leg in the direction of movement.
E) Members operating on the roof should not step over a parapet or wall without first feeling the adjoining surface with a tool.
F) When momentarily blinded by smoke or darkness, and there is immediate danger to the firefighter, it may be best for the member to remain in place until visibility is restored.
ANSWER: F) When momentarily blinded by smoke or darkness, and there is immediate danger to the firefighter, it may be best for the member to remain in place until visibility is restored. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 5.2)
* If there is NO IMMEDIATE DANGER to the firefighter it may be best to remain in place until visibility is restored.
D - Tool or leg
E - Tool
100
Which is an incorrect procedure for Ladder Companies when operating at dumb waiter fires in OLT's?
A) First and Second Ladder assignments remain the same, all units must be immediately notified of a dumbwaiter fire.
B) It is important that the top floor, cockloft, and cellar are checked as soon as possible.
C) If heavy smoke is venting out of a dumbwaiter bulkhead, the roof firefighter should inform his/her officer.
D) If fire is reported in the dumbwaiter shaft, the roof firefighter should vent the dumbwaiter bulkhead after obtaining permission from his/her officer.
E) Similarly, if after venting a dumbwaiter bulkhead, the roof firefighter does not see any appreciable volume of smoke venting, the roof firefighter should notify his officer. This may indicate that there is an obstruction in the shaft below.
ANSWER: D) If fire is reported in the dumbwaiter shaft, the roof firefighter should vent the dumbwaiter bulkhead after obtaining permission from his/her officer. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 4.3)
* Dumbwaiter fire = do NOT need permission to vertical vent (this was not rewritten unlike vertical ventilation)
101
There are situations in which the same concentration of ladder company personnel in one building is not required. In these situations, the major effort will be where the life and fire extension hazard is the greatest. Which choice below is the most correct example of these situations?
A) Fire originated in an apartment in an occupied building and is exposing a vacant building.
B) Shaft fire between two occupied buildings.
C) Fire originated in the bottom of the shaft.
D) All of the above
ANSWER: C) Fire originated in the bottom of the shaft.
(Ladders 3, section 4.2.4)
SITUATIONS IN WHICH SAME CONCENTRATION OF LADDER COMPANY PERSONNEL IN ONE BUILDING IS NOT REQUIRED:
1 - Fire originated in a VACANT and exposed to an OCCUPIED.
2 - Shaft fire between two VACANT BUILDINGS (2 occupied buildings would call for a 2nd alarm)
3 - Fire originated in bottom of shaft.
102
Which of the following is an incorrect duty/position for the 2nd due Ladder Company at a top floor fire in an OLT?
A) Inside team - Proceed to top floor to assist 1st truck in entry and search of all top floor apartments. This permits deployment of 6 FF's (2 Officers and 4 FF's) in a critical top floor area.
B) Roof position - Proceed to roof with power saw. Assist 1st roof with venting roof as ordered and commence opening with saw if required. Assist venting top floor windows from roof level as ordered.
C) OV position - vent the fire apartment from the fire escape. Prior to conducting any horizontal ventilation tactics from the exterior, the 2nd OV shall request permission from the second Ladder Company Officer in order root coordinate ventilation tactics with interior operations.
D) LCC - Front of fire building. If not needed here, proceeds to roof.
ANSWER: C) OV position - vent the fire apartment from the fire escape. Prior to conducting any horizontal ventilation tactics from the exterior, the 2nd OV shall request permission from the second Ladder Company Officer in order root coordinate ventilation tactics with interior operations. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 3.5)
* 2nd OV shall request permission from the 1ST LADDER COMPANY OFFICER (the ladder officer in the area to be vented)
103
The 2nd due Roof FF at a tenement fire should contact the 1st due Roof FF to determine the following choices listed below. Which choice is incorrect?
A) The worst method of access to the roof
B) Problems encountered if any
C) Need for assistance
D) Need to seek an alternative route
ANSWER: A) The worst method of access to the roof. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 3.4.7)
* Contact 1st Roof FF to determine THEIR METHOD OF ROOF ACCESS.
104
Which of the choices below is an incorrect duty for the second arriving Ladder Company at a fire in an OLT?
A) Call for a line if needed
B) Cause a thorough search on all floors above the fire
C) Have subordinates verify that areas assigned for search have been completely covered.
D) Direct and control horizontal ventilation on the fire floor.
E) Ensure the rear and sides of the building are checked.
F) Assure safety of members, transmit necessary information to the Incident Commander.
ANSWER: D) Direct and control horizontal ventilation on the fire floor. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 3.4.2)
* 2nd due truck officer is responsible for directing and controlling horizontal ventilation on ALL FLOORS ABOVE THE FIRE FLOOR.
105
Please choose an incorrect procedure for the Roof FF when operating on the roof of a Tenement fire?
A) Heavy smoke and high heat issuing from a bulkhead doorway or scuttle would obviously require further ventilation such as removal of the skylight.
B) Opening a bulkhead door or scuttle cover will always give a true indication of interior fire conditions.
C) If fire and smoke conditions are obviously heavy, immediate venting of the skylight prior to the removal of the scuttle cover to relieve the interior would be justified.
D) All are correct
ANSWER: B) Opening a bulkhead door or scuttle cover will always give a true indication of interior fire conditions. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 3.2.6)
* Opening a bulkhead door or scuttle cover WILL NOT ALWAYS give a true indication of interior conditions.
* The door to the fire apartment may not be open, either because it has not been forced or because
it is being held in a closed position.
106
At OLT top floor fires the first due Roof FF should perform all of the tasks below except one. Which choice is incorrect?
A) Ventilate top floor windows from the roof level.
B) Prior to conducting any horizontal ventilation tactics from the exterior, the Roof FF shall request permission from the Ladder Company Officer in order to coordinate ventilation tactics with interior operations.
C) Communication with the Ladder Company Officer must be maintained in order to coordinate horizontal ventilation as the hose line is applying water to extinguish the fire.
D) The Roof FF is also responsible for utilization of the saw to vent the cockloft and top floor when necessary before completing initial duties.
D) The Roof FF is also responsible for utilization of the saw to vent the cockloft and top floor when necessary before completing initial duties. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 3.2.6)
* The Roof Firefighter is also responsible for
utilization of the saw to vent the cockloft and top floor when necessary AFTER completing initial duties.
107
If the Officer does not want vertical ventilation performed due to fire conditions preventing control of the fire apartment door at an OLT fire, the Roof FF will not perform vertical ventilation. However, in an attempt to reach potential victims who may be trapped inside the bulkhead as soon as possible, the Roof FF will perform the following actions, which are not considered vertical ventilation. Which choice below is incorrect?
A) They will force open the bulkhead door, regardless of conditions, the member should reach in and probe the immediate area of the bulkhead for potential victims and then immediately close and control the door until the Officer orders vertical ventilation.
B) If the bulkhead door cannot be closed and controlled for any reason (e.g. Victim removal, damaged door), immediately notify the Ladder Company Officer inside the fire area to be searched.
C) The objective is to control the vertical flow path of fire conditions until the members have control of the fire apartment door or are advancing into the fire apartment with a charged hose line.
D) All are correct
ANSWER: A) They will force open the bulkhead door, regardless of conditions, the member should reach in and probe the immediate area of the bulkhead for potential victims and then immediately close and control the door until the Officer orders vertical ventilation. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 3.2.6)
* Not regardless of conditions, but IF CONDITIONS ARE TENABLE, the Roof FF will perform these actions.
108
Prior to venting from the fire escape to search, the OV must receive permission from the Ladder Company Officer via HT. The OV might not be aware of conditions in the apartment. With the exception of a known life hazard, the entry and search will be completed if the OV teams up with another member. Which choice below is the most correct procedure for the OV at an OLT fire?
A) When there is only a front fire escape (railroad apartments) OR the fire apartment is in the front, the OV and Roof FF (or other available member) shall team up and enter the fire apartment from that fire escape.
B) When there is a rear fire escape AND the fire apartment is in the rear, the OV and chauffeur (or another available member) shall team up and enter the fire apartment from that fire escape.
C) Regardless of the situation, outside firefighters will effect the removal of any occupants but still consider fire severity or extinguishing operations which may endanger them. This task may prove difficult due to bars and gates.
D) All of the above are correct
ANSWER: C) Regardless of the situation, outside firefighters will effect the removal of any occupants but still consider fire severity or extinguishing operations which may endanger them. This task may prove difficult due to bars and gates.
(Ladders 3, section 3.2.5)
A - When there is only a REAR fire escape (railroad apartments) OR the fire apartment is in the rear, the OV and Roof Firefighter (or another available member) shall team up and enter the fire apartment from that fire escape.
B - When there is a FRONT fire escape AND the fire apartment is in the front, the OV and Chauffeur (or another available member) shall team up and enter the fire apartment from that fire escape.
109
Please choose an incorrect tool assignment for the first due OV at an OLT or NLT fire?
A) Handie-talkie
B) Flashlight
C) Halligan tool
D) 6' hook - for top floor fires the saw is taken in place of the halligan.
ANSWER: D) 6' hook - for top floor fires the saw is taken in place of the halligan. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 3.2.5)
* Top floor fire = OV takes saw and HALLIGAN. He takes saw instead of the hook.
110
Please choose an incorrect duty for the first due OV at an OLT or NLT fire?
A) Except for assisting the chauffeur in front of the fire building when aerial or portable ladders are needed for rescue or removal, assignment is to ventilate the fire area from the exterior providing horizontal ventilation.
B) Prior to conducting any horizontal ventilation tactics from the exterior, the OV shall request permission from the Ladder Company Officer to coordinate ventilation tactics with interior operations.
C) If the location of the fire apartment is not obvious from the exterior of the building, the OV should communicate with the IC.
D) Once the location is verified, the OV can then reach the correct fire escape via a window from a lower or adjacent apartment, or from a drop ladder/portable ladder at ground level.
ANSWER: C) If the location of the fire apartment is not obvious from the exterior of the building, the OV should communicate with the IC. (INCORRECT))
(Ladders 3, section 3.2.5)
* OV should communicate with the LADDER OFFICER.
111
A situation that can arise is the obvious need to use the aerial for the roof firefighter but at the same time there is an apparent need to remove an occupant at an OLT or NLT fire. Consider the following factors in reaching a decision as to the ladder's initial use: please choose the most correct answer.
A) Emotional state of the occupant, an agitated, frightened occupant or one threatening to jump should be removed first.
B) Fire/smoke in the immediate vicinity of the occupant, the occupant might receive instant attention if he/she would be endangered and seriously disturbed by any delay in his/her removal.
C) Location and severity of the fire, a front first floor fire will not normally require immediate removal of occupants from the 3rd, 4th or higher floors in the front of the building.
D) The time element. When aerial ladder is needed for both removal and roof access, roof access can be given priority if the person is to be removed is in no immediate danger. If any doubt exists, consider removing occupant first.
E) All of the above are correct
ANSWER: A) Emotional state of the occupant, an agitated, frightened occupant or one threatening to jump should be removed first.
(Ladders 3, section 3.2.4)
B - Occupant MUST receive instant attention
C - a REAR first floor fire will not normally require immediate removal of occupants from the 3rd, 4th or higher floors in the front of the building.
D - if any doubt exists REMOVE OCCUPANT FIRST.
"FAT SLIDE"
F - Frightened
A - Agitated
T - Threatening to jump
```
S - Smoke or fire in vicinity
L - Location or severity of fire
I - Immediate danger
D - Doubt
E - Endangered or seriously disturbed
```
112
Which choice below is an incorrect duty for the first Ladder Company Chauffeur at an OLT fire?
A) Position apparatus for complete coverage and immediate use. If unable to attain this position the Ladder Company Officer and the IC must be notified.
B) Raise and use aerial and/or portable ladders for rescue.
C) Prior to conducting any horizontal ventilation tactics from the exterior, the chauffeur shall request permission from the Ladder Company Officer in order to coordinate ventilation tactics with interior operations.
D) The Ladder chauffeur should remain on the turntable when members have entered the building by any means and are in precarious positions such as a floor over a heavy fire, the roof of a building with a heavy fire condition etc.
ANSWER: D) The Ladder chauffeur should remain on the turntable when members have entered the building by any means and are in precarious positions such as a floor over a heavy fire, the roof of a building with a heavy fire condition etc. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 3.2.4)
* LCC remains on turntable when members have entered building by means of AERIAL LADDER and are in precarious positions.
113
The LCC must have a working knowledge of the duties and responsibilities of all members of the 1st Ladder Company and how they are likely to execute their assignments under different fire situations. Please choose an incorrect position for the first due LCC at an Old Law Tenement with no front fire escape?
A) The front of the fire building.
B) The chauffeur of an Aerial Ladder or Tower Ladder shall not operate in a manner that will in any way impede their return to the pedestal and cause a delay in positioning or repositioning the aerial for rescue and removal operations.
C) The LCC must notify their Company Officer of intended destination when leaving this primary position.
D) All are correct
ANSWER: B) The chauffeur of an Aerial Ladder or Tower Ladder shall not operate in a manner that will in any way impede their return to the pedestal and cause a delay in positioning or repositioning the aerial for rescue and removal operations. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 3.2.4)
* AERIAL LADDER CHAUFFEUR will not operate in a manner that will impede their return to pedestal. TL CHAUFFEUR does not leave the pedestal.
114
Ventilation tactics must be controlled, communicated to and coordinated by the Ladder Company Officer inside the fire area to be vented, when operating at OLT and NLT fires. Before ordering any horizontal or vertical ventilation the Officer must evaluate the impact the ventilation tactic will have on interior conditions. Which choice below is an incorrect action for the Ladder Officer to take?
A) Ensure door control at the fire area entrance.
B) Evaluate wind conditions that could impact interior conditions. Communicate the location of the fire, fire conditions or difficulty finding the fire to the first two Engine Officers and the IC.
C) Determine the location of the hose line and any delays with the stretch. If there are water problems, the Officer must perform a risk assessment and operate accordingly.
D) Coordinate search operations with the advance of the hose line.
ANSWER: B) Evaluate wind conditions that could impact interior conditions. Communicate the location of the fire, fire conditions or difficulty finding the fire to the first two Engine Officers and the IC. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 3.2)
* Communicate this info to the 1st DUE ENGINE OFFICER OR INCIDENT COMMANDER.
* Notify IC AND Engine company officer of the location of the fire apartment and when you enter to search for the location of the fire.
* One section says AND / one section says OR
115
As the officer of the 1st arriving ladder company you have several duties when operating at an OLT or a NLT fire. Please choose an incorrect duty from the list below.
A) Perform an immediate size up and give necessary orders.
B) Ensure that all entry doors are chocked open at street level to enable the stretching of hand lines or access by other members.
C) Take command of forcible entry, locating the fire, search and removal of victims.
D) Maintain control of the fire apartment door by leaving a member of the forcible entry team as per TB Search 1.
E) Notify the IC or Engine company officer of the location of the fire apartment and when you enter to search for the location of fire.
ANSWER: E) Notify the IC or Engine company officer of the location of the fire apartment and when you enter to search for the location of fire. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 3.2)
* Notify IC AND Engine company officer.
* Communicate the location of the fire, fire conditions or difficulty finding the fire to the first due Engine Officer OR the Incident Commander.
* One section says AND / one section says OR
116
According to Ladders 3, which of the following statements are incorrect?
A) Light Fire Situation - a fire which can be extinguished with the operation of one handline and/or hand extinguishers or those that can be readily extinguished without resorting to extinguishing agents.
B) Medium Fire Situation - a fire which may be extinguished with the stretching of two handlines.
C) Both are incorrect
D) Both are correct
ANSWER: B) Medium fire situation - a fire which may be extinguished with the stretching of two hand lines. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 3)
* Medium fire situation - a fire which may be extinguished with the OPERATION of two hand lines.
117
An operational plan is necessary and has to be formed before the fire. The plan must be understood by all and continual training is required. Ladders 3 presents such a plan, however, as in any operational plan it must be flexible. Which is an incorrect requirement of the operational plan found in Ladders 3?
A) All ladder companies shall have a riding list posted conspicuously on the apparatus floor assigning positions and/or tools.
B) All riding lists are generally prepared and predicated on the level of experience and training of the members working, their experience in the type of occupancies to which the unit responds to the greatest number of times and where the greatest life hazards exist.
C) The well trained unit should also have alternate tool assignments and/or positions when they are second to arrive or when operating in other types of dwellings.
D) The operational plan found in Ladders 3 is designed for OLT's and should not be used for NLT's.
ANSWER: D) The operational plan found in Ladders 3 is designed for OLT's and should not be used for NLT's. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 2)
* This plan is EQUALLY EFFECTIVE for NLT fires.
118
The first ladder company to arrive at an OLT fire is responsible for what actions listed below according to Ladders 3? (More than 1 correct)
A) Ladder company operations on the floor above the fire, regardless of the arrival of the 2nd due truck.
B) Determine life hazard and rescue as required.
C) Roof ventilation and a physical check from ground level of the rear and sides of the building.
D) Laddering as needed
ANSWER: B and D are correct
B) Determine life hazard and rescue as required
D) Laddering as needed
(Ladders 3, section 1.3)
A - Floor above operations IF 2ND DUE DOESN'T ARRIVE IN A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME.
C - Roof ventilation and a VISUAL check of rear and sides from THIS LEVEL.
119
Ladder company assignments are given to each member at roll calls. During roll call, the Company Officer shall inform members of all of the following except which?
A) Hazardous conditions
B) Safety issues
C) Street openings
D) Department orders and other pertinent information regarding the unit.
C) Street openings (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 1.1)
* Street CLOSINGS
120
According to Ladders 3, the following characteristics are provided describing Old Law Tenements. Please choose an incorrect characteristic from the list below?
A) 20' to 25' wide and 50' to 85' deep
B) Interior stairs to cellar (may have been removed if building has been renovated)
C) Some form of light/air shaft may be provided.
D) Complete and full fire stopping
E) Presence of energy efficient windows (EEW) will further increase heat, gases and smoke conditions, possibly leading to a flashover or backdraft.
ANSWER: D) Complete and full fire stopping. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3, section 1.2)
* OLT has LIMITED fire stopping.
121
When cutting a floor with the axe it should be cut at a ___ degree angle and on a bias.
A) 30
B) 45
C) 60
D) 90
ANSWER: C) 60
| Ladders 3 - 7.4.2 B
122
Proper trimming of doors and windows in tenements during overhaul is important to ensure the fire is completely extinguished prior to leaving the scene. Which comment below is incorrect regarding this tactic?
A) The complete removal of the window is seldom required.
B) Removal of the trim around windows and doors is not sufficient to allow an adequate examination and application of water.
C) The trim around windows and doors is put on last during the construction stage and should be the first pieces removed if examination is required at these points.
D) Depending on the toll being used, the most efficient and safest way to remove the trim is to start at the top or bottom corner or joint and work along prying the molding out from the wall.
ANSWER: B) Removal of the trim around windows and doors is not sufficient to allow an adequate examination and application of water. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 7.4.3)
* Removal of the trim around windows and doors is GENERALLY SUFFICIENT to allow an adequate examination and application of water.
123
When overhauling in an apartment of an old law tenement, officers must not permit any material to be thrown out of windows unnecessarily. If members ordered to throw items out the window certain precautions must be followed. Which one is incorrect?
A) A member should always be posted in the yard or street below to prevent injuries to anyone from falling material.
B) Examination of the yard must be made before discarding any material into the yard to ensure that no occupants have jumped into the yard prior to the arrival of FD units.
C) No material shall be thrown onto roof of buildings or into narrow shafts or setbacks.
D) The removal of involved materials to any shafts or roofs of setbacks is not to be permitted.
ANSWER: D) The removal of involved materials to any shafts or roofs of setbacks is not to be permitted. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 8.13, 9.9)
* The removal of involved materials to NARROW shafts or roofs of setbacks is not to be permitted.
CODE: THE SHAFT MUST BE “WIDE OPEN”
124
The removal of major structural elements from a building is a very serious matter. Which provision below is not in accordance with FDNY procedures?
A) Lintels in brick walls over exterior doorways and windows should not be removed unless deeply charred.
B) Floor joists or roof joists should not be removed if complete extinguishment can be accomplished in any other manner.
C) Wooden structural members that are deeply charred may be removed from the building.
D) Wooden structural members that have merely been scorched or on which the paint has been blistered shall be left in the apartment for possible reuse.
ANSWER: A) Lintels in brick walls over exterior doorways and windows should not be removed unless deeply charred. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3: 9.3, 9.8)
* Lintels in brick walls over exterior doorways and windows should not be removed REGARDLESS OF CHARRING.
125
If a known life hazard is discovered and immediate action could prevent the loss of life, appropriate action (rescue activity) may be taken by an individual member. In all incidents of such individual action, the Incident Commander shall forward a report detailing the full particulars to the:
A) Battalion Commander
B) Division Commander
C) Chief of Operations
D) Chief of Department
ANSWER: C) Chief of Operations (Richardson)
| Ladders 3 1.1
126
At an old law tenement the ladder company chauffeur must notify their company officer of his/her intended destination when leaving their primary position in front of the building. Which additional action below performed by the LCC is incorrect?
A) Position the apparatus for complete coverage and immediate use. If unable to attain this position the ladder company officer and the Incident Commander must be notified.
B) Prior to conducting any horizontal ventilation tactics from the exterior, the chauffeur shall request permission from the Incident Commander.
C) If the chauffeur is aware that the second due ladder is not in service, they shall team up with another available member to try and get above the fire via aerial or portable ladder.
D) The chauffeur and OV’s duties are complimentary when the fire apartment and fire escape are located in the front of the building.
ANSWER: B) Prior to conducting any horizontal ventilation tactics from the exterior, the chauffeur shall request permission from the Incident Commander. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3 3.2.4)
* Prior to conducting any horizontal ventilation tactics from the exterior, the chauffeur shall request permission from the LADDER COMPANY OFFICER IN ORDER TO COORDINATE VENTILATION TACTICS WITH INTERIOR OPERATIONS.
127
The only correct safety procedure performed when operating at a tenement fire can be found in which choice?
A) No more than two members operated in a small room at an OLT fire.
B) During the summer months, members performing overhaul operations shall dispense wearing the bunker coat as per the IC
C) Hanging ends of cable such as BX, telephone and coaxial television shall be pushed up out of the way
D) In order to overhaul a bathroom properly in an OLT, members must enter the bathroom to ensure its fully opened up, especially the plumbing wall
ANSWER: A) No more than two members operated in a small room at an OLT fire.
(Ladders 3 - 8.2)
B - When performing overhaul operations, ALL MEMBERS must wear their Department issued PPE including bunker coat, bunker pants, bunker boots, helmets, protective hoods and gloves. (NEW as of 3/2019)
C - SECURED NER CEILING. Loops of cable hanging down shall be pushed up out of the way.
D - Consider using the reach of the hook and standing OUTSIDE the bathroom to open up the ceiling.
128
# Choose the incorrect tactic by the second arriving Ladder Company while operating at a tenement fire.
A) If evidence shows there might be extension around the baseboards, one of the members loosened the baseboard and used pots of water to pour water between the baseboard and wall to control extension
B) If fire is found extending to the floor above, probing holes are made in the same bay or bays until the outer edge of the fire is defined. The ceiling or walls should not be fully opened until a charged line is in position, because of the possibility of intensifying the fire
C) The search for fire extension is often only done by the use of a thermal imaging camera (TIC)
D) There is no exact way that temperature can be determined by touch, but if a wall or a partition is too hot to keep the hand on, it should be opened up
ANSWER: C) The search for fire extension is often only done by the use of a thermal imaging camera. (INCORRECT)
(Ladder 3 7.1.3)
* The search for fire extension is often done by SENSE OF TOUCH ALONE.
* FYI - Training bulletins tools 27 mentions multiple times that the TIC is used for determining fire extension.
129
# Choose the incorrect procedure when trimming a window or door during the overhaul stage of a tenement fire.
A) The complete removal of a window frame is seldom required. They are generally set into the brickwork and extension from them cannot occur except to a space between the plaster and the side wall of the building
B) Similarly, extension around a door frame is usually limited to the space between the door frame and the studs forming the rough opening
C) Depending on the tool being used, the most efficient and safest way to remove the trim is to start at the top or bottom corner or joint and work along prying the molding out from the wall
D) The trim around windows and doors is put on first during the construction stage and should be the last pieces removed if examination is required at these points. Removal of the trim is generally sufficient to allow an adequate examination and application of water.
ANSWER: D) The trim around windows and doors is put on first during the construction stage and should be the last pieces removed if examination is required at these points. Removal of the trim is generally sufficient to allow an adequate examination and application of water. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3 sec 7.4.3)
* The trim around windows and doors is put on LAST during the construction stage and should be the FIRST pieces removed if examination is required at these points.
130
Opening up concealed spaces in tenements is an art passed down from prior generations of firefighter. In order to be skilled at this art, firefighters and fire officers must have general knowledge in tenement construction and overhaul procedures. Choose the incorrect statement in regards to opening up concealed spaces and the description of a tenement.
A) Beams in OLT generally run perpendicular to front and rear walls
B) Lath is attached at right angles to the beams and runs front to rear. Each piece of lath usually covers two or more bays
C) The ceiling is penetrated with one firm stroke with the hook parallel to the lath. This breaks only one lath on the upstroke instead of two or three
D) When pulling sheet rock ceilings, be aware they may fall in large heavy sections
ANSWER: A) Beams in OLT generally run perpendicular to front and rear walls. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3 sec 7.4)
* Beams in OLT generally run PARALLEL to front and rear walls
131
Members performing the tactic ventilation for search when operating at an OLT shall comply with certain procedures. Choose the incorrect procedure.
A) The Ladder Officer shall be notified when a search team enters from the exterior to conduct a search for a known life hazard or when they are entering to conduct standard search procedures
B) Members venting for search should be cognizant of the location of the main body of fire and the position of hoselines. Officers must notify members searching remote from hoselines when the hoselines begin to advance towards their position
C) Upon completion of clearing of the window and before entering, reassess the smoke and heat condition to determine if the area is still tenable. If conditions now prevent access, immediately notify the Ladder Officer of this situation
D) After venting, the priority action for the member is to conduct an immediate search of the area (VEIS)
ANSWER: D) After venting, the priority action for the member is to conduct an immediate search of the area (VEIS) (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3 p-50)
* After venting, the priority action for the member is to ISOLATE the area by closing a door before conducting the search (VEIS)
132
You are working in L-100 and arrive 2nd due for a top floor fire in a 5 sty OLT with extension to exposure 2. Of the tactics that were carried out during this fire, you were incorrect in which tactic?
A) You and your inside team went to the top floor
B) If the first OV has already vented the fire apartment, then the 2nd OV will vent the adjoining apartment as ordered
C) L-100 Roof FF ascended to the roof with a saw and halligan
D) You directed L-100 LCC to exposure 2
ANSWER: C) L-100 Roof FF ascended to the roof with a saw and halligan. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3 - 3.4.7)
* Saw and 6' HALLIGAN HOOK
NOTE A: Proceed to top floor to assist 1st ladder company in entry and search of all top floor apartments (3.5.2)
133
# Choose the incorrect procedure when operating at a tenement fire involving a shaft.
A) The engine company, after knocking down fire in a room exposing the shaft, must direct the nozzle stream into the shaft and knock down the shaft fire before continuing through the apartment for additional knock down and final extinguishment
B) In most cases the draft created in the shaft will delay lateral extension in the apartments in the exposed building allowing time for occupants to use one of their means of egress or for members to find and remove them
C) While awaiting hoselines, members may, by the proper application of water with pots, pans, etc., either extinguish fire around shaft windows or delay the lateral extension
D) The exposed building must be searched after the fire floor in the fire building has been handled and before the floor above in the fire building has been handled.
ANSWER: D) The exposed building must be searched after the fire floor in the fire building has been handled and before the floor above in the fire building has been handled. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3 pg 30-32)
* The exposed building must be handled WITHOUT DETRACTING from our initial concentration on the two critical floors (fire floor and floor above) in the fire building.
134
When cutting a roof, how many cuts does it take to make a 3'x6' "coffin cut"?
A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 9
ANSWER: B) 7
(Ladders 3 p-54)
* Remember, cut #2 is the "knock out"
135
When operating at a tenement fire, the correct procedure can be found in which choice?
A) When checking for extension in the ceiling, open up the section of the ceiling remote from the fire area and work your way where the fire was most intense.
B) A boxed out protrusion containing a steel column in a OLT or NLT must be examined the entire length if it was involved in fire.
C) If the flooring is charred, the ceiling below should not be examined for fire extension.
D) A smoke condition at the apartment door on the floor above is enough reason to believe that fire has extended to this floor.
ANSWER: B) A boxed out protrusion containing a steel column in a OLT or NLT must be examined the entire length if it was involved in fire.
(Ladders 3 p-61-62)
A - Start at a point where the fire was MOST INTENSE and working towards a clean area of ceiling space
C - If the flooring is charred, the ceiling below SHOULD BE examined for fire extension.
D - A smoke condition at the apartment door on the floor above is NOT enough reason to believe that fire has extended to this floor. High temperatures even only at ceiling level or a crackling sound heard within the apartment or a fiery glow seen through the smoke are all indications of fire extension and justify calling for a handline.
136
The members of Ladder 32 were drilling on roof operations with the probationary firefighter and asked her which cut number in the sequence represents the 6’ long cut. The sharp proby responded with which CORRECT answer?
A) Cut #1
B) Cut #2
C) Cut #3
D) Cut #4
ANSWER: C) Cut #3
(LADDERS 3 – PG 54 PICTURE)
Cut #3 is the 6’ long cut
Cut #2 is the "knockout" cut
All others are 3’
137
Ladder Company operations can vary based on first and second due arrival as well as the type of apparatus and where the fire is. Which choice CORRECTLY describes the first option for ladder company operations in tenement buildings? (Another available member is always available as a second option)
A) At a fire on the 3rd floor front of a 5 story OLT w front and rear fire escapes, where the 1st arriving ladder is an aerial, the 1st and 2nd OV’s teamed up to VEIS the fire apartment off the front fire escape.
B) At a fire on the top floor of a 5 story OLT with a rear fire escape, where the first ladder is an aerial, the 1st roof and OV teamed up to VEIS the fire apartment off of the rear fire escape.
C) At a fire on the 3rd floor of a 5 story OLT with a rear fire escape, where the 1st ladder was a tower ladder, the 1st and 2nd roof firefighters teamed up to VEIS the floors above the fire apartment from the rear.
D) At a fire on the 4th floor front of a 5 story OLT with front and rear fire escapes where the 1st arriving ladder was a tower ladder, the 2nd OV and Chauffeur teamed up to VEIS the floor above via the front fire escape.
ANSWERS: D) At a fire on the 4th floor front of a 5 story OLT with front and rear fire escapes where the 1st arriving ladder was a tower ladder, the 2nd OV and Chauffeur teamed up to VEIS the floor above via the front fire escape.
(LADDERS 3 – 3.4.6 #4 PG 27 TOP)
A – 1st OV and LCC team up to enter the fire apartment from the front fire escape. (3.2.5 #4 pg 12)
B – 1st and 2nd OV’s team up to VEIS the fire apartment from the fire escape (3.2.5 #2 pg 12 top)
C – 1st AND 2nd roof FF’s team up to VEIS the fire apartment from the rear fire escape when 1st truck is TL. (3.3.5)
138
Which of the following tactical decisions was CORRECT according to ladder company operations for a fire on the top floor of a 5-story old law tenement with fire escapes on the front and rear?
A) The 2nd arriving ladder company inside team assisted the first Ladder Company in entry and search of all top floor apartments.
B) The 1st arriving OV proceeded to the roof and unable to descend, assisted with roof ventilation operations prior to attempted ventilation of the fire apartment.
C) The 2nd arriving LCC was not needed in front of the building so he assisted with searches of the apartments on the fire floor.
D) The 1st arriving ladder company inside team forced entry into the fire apartment and immediately began their search for fire victims.
ANSWER: A) The 2nd arriving ladder company inside team assisted the first Ladder Company in entry and search of all top floor apartments.
(LADDERS 3 – 3.5.2 Pg 28)
B – If unable to descend the fire escape, notify the ladder company officer, attempt coordinated ventilation of the fire apartment from roof level, AND THEN assist the roof firefighter with the roof vent. (3.2.5 #2 pg 12)
C – If not needed in front of the building, the 2nd LCC PROCEEDS TO THE ROOF. (3.5.2C)
D – 1st inside team penetrates to the SEAT OF THE FIRE and try to contain it by shutting a door or using a portable extinguisher, a thorough primary search must be started at this point. (3.2.1 #7.)
139
Ladder 250 is back at quarters after returning from a first due 2nd alarm fire in the rear of the top floor of an Old Law Tenement. The Captain asks the OV to discuss how she and the 2nd due OV operated at this challenging fire. The OV made the following remarks but was incorrect in which one?
A) The first OV proceeded to the roof with the saw and the halligan hook.
B) The first OV descended the rear fire escape and teamed up with the 2nd OV for VEIS.
C) The second OV vented the fire apartment with permission of the first ladder company officer.
D) The second OV took the halligan and 6’ hook as part of his tool assignment.
ANSWER: A) The first OV proceeded to the roof with the saw and the halligan hook. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3 3.2.5, 3.4.7, 3.5.2B)
* The first OV proceeded to the roof with the saw and the HALLIGAN TOOL.
140
The Captain of Ladder 99 has assigned one of his probies the roof for the first time. After roll call, she takes her members out for a drill on the roof of an old law tenement. They discuss several features of roof level size-up but were incorrect in which one choice below?
A) Smoke issuing from the cornice cannot be taken as positive evidence that there is actually fire in the cockloft without investigation.
B) When heavy smoke is showing from the cornice it must be opened to examine the cockloft for fire.
C) A rapidly rising column of smoke, with particles or embers ascending to higher levels, visible over the rooftop of the building frequently is an indication that the fire is in an open shaft.
D) Large quantities of black smoke observed over the roof may be an indication of fire at or near the top of the building.
ANSWER: B) When heavy smoke is showing from the cornice it must be opened to examine the cockloft for fire.
(Ladders 3 5.4.3)
* UNDER NO CONDITIONS SHOULD THE CORNICE BE OPENED FOR SMOKE.
141
Captain Houdini is operating at the scene of a fire in an old law tenement. She finds herself trapped and decided to breach a wall to escape deteriorating conditions. Which one action taken below was incorrect?
A) Using the halligan tool is the first preference, though the hook or axe will work as well.
B) She punched a hole in the wall slightly below waist level.
C) While removing the near side of the wall, she obtained the best results by keeping the far side of the wall intact.
D) After completing the hole, she used the low profile maneuver and quickly moved through the opening.
ANSWER: D) After completing the hole, she used the low profile maneuver and quickly moved through the opening.
(Ladders 3 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.3, 6.1.5)
* After completing the hole, she used the REDUCED profile maneuver and quickly moved through the opening.
**NOTE: SWIM MOVE ALSO MENTIONED**
142
The Captain of Ladder 199 is discussing post-control overhauling operations at tenements fires during roll call. She makes the following comments but was only correct in which one?
A) When performing overhaul operations, all members must wear their Department issued PPE including bunker coat, bunker pants, bunker boots, helmets, protective hoods and gloves.
B) It is safe for two or three members to use tools at the same time in a small area, such as room in OLTs.
C) No material shall be thrown onto the roof of buildings or into any shafts or setbacks.
D) When discarding material out of a window, a member may need to be posted in the yard to prevent injuries unless the yard is empty.
ANSWER: A) When performing overhaul operations, all members must wear their Department issued PPE including bunker coat, bunker pants, bunker boots, helmets, protective hoods and gloves.
(Ladders 3 8.2, 8.4, 8.13)
* IT IS DANGEROUS FOR MORE THAN ONE OR TWO MEMBERS to use tools at the same time in a small area, such as room in OLTs.
C - No material shall be thrown onto the roof of buildings or into NARROW shafts or setbacks.
D - When discarding material out of a window, a member SHOULD ALWAYS be posted in the yard to prevent injuries to anyone from falling material.
143
Your unit is the first arriving Ladder Company at a fire on the 4th floor of a 5-story Old Law Tenement. Your OV Firefighter should be carrying each of the following tools except?
A) Handie-Talkie
B) Flashlight
C) Halligan tool
D) Axe/Maul
ANSWER: D) Axe/Maul (INCORRECT)
(Lad 3 3.2.5)
* 6' Hook (For top floor fires the saw is taken in place of the hook.)
* SAW AND HALLIGAN for top floor fires
144
At a fire on the 3rd floor of an Old Law Tenement, which of the following tools would the 2nd arriving Forcible Entry Firefighter be correct to carry?
A) Thermal Imaging Camera
B) 6’ Hook
C) Maul
D) Rebar Cutter
ANSWER: C) Maul
(Lad 3 3.4.3)
Tenement Fire - 2nd arriving FE Firefighter tools
Handie-Talkie
Hand light
Axe/Halligan (Maul/Halligan)
Hydra Ram
145
Fire operations are not complete when the fire is extinguished. Which of the following choices is not in accordance with Department policy?
A) Before the Department leaves the premises, all broken glass must be trimmed from window frames, replace or position all drop ladders and check for all assigned tools and equipment.
B) Wooden structural members that are deeply charred shall never be removed from the building.
C) Floor joists or roof joists should not be removed if complete extinguishment can be accomplished in any other manner. Lintels in brick walls over exterior doorways and windows should not be removed, regardless of charring.
D) Care should be exercised when overhauling in bathrooms. Consider using the reach of the hook and standing outside the bathroom to open up the ceiling.
ANSWER: B) Wooden structural members that are deeply charred shall never be removed from the building. (INCORRECT)
(Lad 3 8.16, 9.3, 9.8, 9.15)
* Wooden structural members that are DEEPLY CHARRED MAY be removed from the building. Those that have merely been scorched or on which the paint has been blistered SHALL be left in the apartment for possible reuse.
146
In Old Law Tenements, the infrequently used procedure of going from front to rear apartments, or vice versa, through the common partition, may be used as an escape route. Which of the following choices contains incorrect information regarding this practice?
A) To accomplish this use the hook, halligan or axe. This is the order of preference but all can do the job.
B) Start low and punch a hole slightly below waist level. This places the hole under possible fire stopping between studs.
C) A hook is placed in a bay with the bottom anchored against the opposite side of the partition. The firefighter then pulls the tool towards themselves using short strokes to snap the lath off on their side.
D) With the sole of his/her boot, the member can kick the lath off the far side of the bay.
ANSWER: A) To accomplish this use the hook, halligan or axe. This is the order of preference but all can do the job. (INCORRECT)
(Lad 3 6.1.1 - 6.1.5)
"HA - H - A"
* To accomplish this use the HALLIGAN, HOOK OR AXE. This is the order of preference but all can do the job.
C Note: Best results are obtained when the opposite side is kept intact until the near side is completely removed.
Note: The member can use the Swim Move or the Reduced Profile Maneuver to quickly move through the opening.
147
During company drill on dumbwaiter fires in Nonfireproof Tenements, one member of Engine 200 made an incorrect statement. Indicate the incorrect statement.
A) All units must be immediately notified of a dumbwaiter fire. It is important that the top floor, cockloft and cellar are checked as soon as possible.
B) If heavy smoke is venting out of a dumbwaiter bulkhead, the roof firefighter should inform his/her officer.
C) If after venting a dumbwaiter bulkhead, the roof firefighter does not see any appreciable volume of smoke venting, the roof firefighter should notify his/her officer. This may indicate there is an obstruction in the shaft below.
D) If a dumbwaiter bulkhead has been previously removed and tarred over, this could result in rapid extension to the cockloft. The roof firefighter shall immediately descend the roof and equip the power saw prior to returning to the roof.
ANSWER: D) If a dumbwaiter bulkhead has been previously removed and tarred over, this could result in rapid extension to the cockloft. The roof firefighter shall immediately descend the roof and equip the power saw prior to returning to the roof. (INCORRECT)
(Lad 3 4.3.2, 4.3.3, 4.3.4, 4.3.6, 4.3.7)
* If a dumbwaiter bulkhead has been previously removed and tarred over, the roof firefighter should NOTIFY HIS/HER OFFICER. This could result in rapid extension to the cockloft.
* Also....Members should not place any part of their body in the shaft. In most cases these shafts are not in use, but they still may contain heavy objects not substantially secured that may fall through the shaft, such as pulleys, mechanisms, etc.
148
The senior Lieutenant of Ladder 100 was training her members on utilizing a halligan and 6’ halligan hook to assist climbing onto a high bulkhead when alone on a roof. Which of the following choices would be incorrect to point out during this drill?
A) The Halligan is placed with the fork end down and the adz end up.
B) Using the 6' hook to support most of your weight, step on the adz end of the Halligan and pull yourself up.
C) While climbing the hook, exert a downward pressure and push against the wall with your feet.
D) The intent is to enable the roof firefighter to reach the top of the bulkhead with both hands. Once this is achieved, they should be able to work themselves up onto the bulkhead.
ANSWER: C) While climbing the hook, exert a downward pressure and push against the wall with your feet. (INCORRECT)
(Lad 3 5.3.3 A)
* While climbing the hook, exert a downward pressure and DO NOT PUSH against the wall with your feet.
* FYI... NEVER attempt to climb onto or off a bulkhead or similar type structure at a spot near or next to an open shaft or near a building wall that faces on a shaft, areaway, courtyard or street.
149
One of the most dangerous areas of a fire building is the roof. A company officer should know which point below to be incorrect?
A) The rear of buildings are aligned, building depths may vary, and opened end shafts are generally located toward the rear.
B) If possible, a firefighter should move from one roof to another near the front wall, always checking his/her footing.
C) In order to alert members to the presence of openings, roof level skylights and/or scuttle covers, if removed, should be placed upside down on the roof.
D) Before walking or moving on a roof when visibility is poor, or a heavy smoke condition exists, firefighters should crouch to a kneeling position.
ANSWER: A) The rear of buildings are aligned, building depths may vary, and opened end shafts are generally located toward the rear. (INCORRECT)
(Lad 3 5.2.2, 5.2.3)
* The FRONTS of buildings are aligned, building depths may vary, and opened end shafts are generally located toward the REAR.
C Note: A firefighter encountering an inverted skylight or scuttle must anticipate the opening it previously covered.
D Note: Additionally, members should probe the roof surface by either swinging a tool or leg in the direction of movement. This is done to note the stability of the roof surface and to determine the presence of holes, shafts and other unobstructed openings.
Note: Members operating on the roof should not step over a parapet or wall without first feeling the adjoining surface with a tool. When momentarily blinded by smoke or darkness, and there is no immediate danger to the firefighter, it may be best for the member to remain in place until visibility is restored.
150
Lieutenant Harold was conducting a nonfireproof tenement drill on the apparatus floor with his members. In which choice below did Lieutenant Harold make an incorrect comment?
A) When a building has four (4) windows per floor and no front fire escape, it generally indicates two (2) railroad flats (Old Law Tenement) with a rear fire escape.
B) When the building has four (4) windows per floor and a front fire escape, it usually indicates three (3) or four (4) apartments per floor with another fire escape in the rear.
C) Most Old Law Tenements have four doors on each floor, but this is not always an indication that there are four apartments. When forcing entrance to an apartment with two doors, choose the door normally used for entrance, the front door.
D) Some buildings with railroad flats may have a front fire escape as their secondary means of egress. The absence of a rear fire escape is of major concern for the safety of the operating forces and should be relayed immediately.
ANSWER: C) Most Old Law Tenements have four doors on each floor, but this is not always an indication that there are four apartments. When forcing entrance to an apartment with two doors, choose the door normally used for entrance, the front door.
(Lad 3 5.4.1 A-C, 5.4.2 C)
* When forcing entrance to an apartment with two doors, choose the door normally used for entrance.) Choosing the other door might result in a time delay because of furniture placement or the manner in which the door is secured (nailed, bolted etc.). MOST railroad flats have the kitchen in the rear so that NORMAL ENTRANCE DOORS WILL BE THE REAR DOORS.
A Note: This does not necessarily apply to a corner building.
151
All officers should be familiar with the proper method of checking for fire extension. Which choice below is incorrect?
A) When checking for extension, there are six sides to examine in the fire area: the four walls, the ceiling above, and the floor. After the building contents are extinguished, the structure is checked for fire extension by opening up ceilings, walls, enclosed pipe recesses, boxed out voids in the fire area and above.
B) At a top floor fire that has extended into the cockloft, the roof firefighter will have cut a hole in the roof and pushed down a portion of the ceiling. Enlarge the opening in the ceiling so that the engine company may operate into the cockloft from a high vantage point, sweeping the cockloft with the stream if necessary.
C) Properly installed fire stopping is a great aid in the prevention of both lateral and vertical fire extension. Unfortunately, poor workmanship, deterioration due to age, subsequent repairs and renovations, failure to provide any fire stopping initially, electrical and plumbing installations, etc. do not allow complete reliance to be placed on this structural feature in Old Law and New Law Tenements.
D) The partitions that separate apartments in Old Law Tenements are fire stopped between the ceiling of one floor and the under side of the floor above. This will prohibit lateral extension across the building and firefighters in confinement and containment.
ANSWER: D) The partitions that separate apartments in Old Law Tenements are fire stopped between the ceiling of one floor and the under side of the floor above. This will prohibit lateral extension across the building and firefighters in confinement and containment. (INCORRECT)
(Lad 3 7.1.1-7.1.6)
* The partitions that separate apartments in Old Law Tenements are NOT fire stopped between the ceiling of one floor and the under side of the floor above. This MAY PERMIT LATERAL EXTENSION across the building and could be first discovered by the unit working on the floor above the fire floor when they encounter extension and/or an unusually heavy smoke condition in the apartment which is NOT directly over the fire apartment.
152
Which tactical consideration is incorrect regarding operations and overhaul in Old Law Tenement type structures?
A) Hanging ends of cable such as electric (BX), telephone and coaxial television shall be secured near the ceiling. Loops of cable hanging down shall be pushed up out of the way.
B) It is dangerous for more than one or two members to use tools at the same time in a small area, such as rooms in Old Law Tenements.
C) Holes in the floor are generally small and must be protected, generally by placing a door over them. Holes in the roof will be much larger and all members must be warned to be constantly alert. A roof door or short ladder may be used to cover danger spots.
D) Before discarding burned material out of a window, a member should, if possible, examine the yard before discarding any material to ensure that no occupants have jumped into the yard prior to the arrival of Fire Department units.
ANSWER: D) Before discarding burned material out of a window, a member should, if possible, examine the yard before discarding any material to ensure that no occupants have jumped into the yard prior to the arrival of Fire Department units. (INCORRECT)
(Lad 3 8.2, 8.6, 8.8, 8.10, 8.13)
* Before discarding burned material out of a window, a member should ALWAYS be posted in the yard or street below to prevent injuries to anyone from falling material. Examination of the yard MUST be made before discarding any material into the yard to ensure that no occupants have jumped into the yard prior to the arrival of Fire Department units.
* No material shall be thrown onto roof of buildings or into ENCLOSED/NARROW shafts or setbacks.
153
A Ladder Company Officer training his members on proper overhaul techniques was incorrect in which comment below?
A) Beams in Old Law Tenements generally run parallel to front and rear walls. Lath is attached at right angles to the beams and runs front to rear.
B) Each piece of lath usually covers two or more bays. The ceiling is penetrated with one firm stroke with the hook end parallel to the lath; the hook is then turned to form a right angle to the lath and the ceiling is pulled with short, sharp strokes close to the beam.
C) The firefighter should not stand directly below the ceiling being pulled. They should keep the work in front of them and in close quarters, keep their heads down to prevent injury.
D) When performing overhaul operations in hot weather, members may dispense with their hoods and bunker coats. Eye shields should be utilized, if possible.
ANSWER: D) When performing overhaul operations in hot weather, members may dispense with their hoods and bunker coats. Eye shields should be utilized, if possible. (INCORRECT)
(Lad 3 7.4.1, 8.4)
* When performing overhaul operations, ALL members MUST wear their Department-issued PPE including bunker coat, bunker pants, bunker boots, helmets, protective hoods and gloves. Eye shields SHALL be used.
154
Which overhaul technique is incorrectly portrayed below?
A) Making a hole high in a sidewall or partition of lath and plaster requires a sharp blow with the hook. After penetration with the hook, the tool is used to pull down or pry out, if leverage is possible.
B) To make a hole low in a side wall or partition, the hook is held like a javelin before penetrating the wall. After an opening has been made, the hook is then pushed down behind the lath and the lath is removed by pulling the handle, opening the wall to the floor or baseboard.
C) When prying with a hook lodged low in a side wall or partition, excessive strain may be required to adequately make the required opening.
D) Use the handle of the hook, or the point, to make small probing holes to check for extension or to allow water to flow out, as opposed to pulling.
ANSWER: C) When prying with a hook lodged low in a side wall or partition, excessive strain may be required to adequately make the required opening. (INCORRECT)
(Lad 3 7.4.1)
* When prying with a hook lodged low in a side wall or partition, excessive strain which may break the wooden handle MUST BE AVOIDED.
155
Of the following choices, which incorrectly describes features of Old Law Tenements?
A) They are three to seven stories high, 20 to 25 feet wide and 50 to 85 feet deep.
B) There will always be an interior stairway which leads to the cellar.
C) There is limited fire stopping. Combustible contents and structural components result in a hot smoky fire and the presence of Energy Efficient Windows will further increase heat, gases and smoke conditions, possibly leading to a flashover or backdraft.
D) Some form of light/air shaft may be provided. These shafts are open at the top.
ANSWER: B) There will always be an interior stairway which leads to the cellar. (INCORRECT)
(Lad 3 1.2)
* There are interior stairs to cellar; WHICH MAY HAVE BEEN REMOVED IF THE BUILDING WAS RENOVATED.
156
While drilling with a newly appointed firefighter on the duties of the first arriving Roof Firefighter at an Old Law Tenement, the Captain made an incorrect comment. Indicate the incorrect comment.
A) The first arriving Roof Firefighter’s tool assignment includes the handie-talkie, flashlight, Halligan tool, 6`Halligan Hook and Life Saving Rope.
B) The priority order of accessing the roof is the adjoining building, then rear fire escape, and finally, the aerial ladder.
C) Never attempt to climb onto or off a bulkhead or similar type structure at a spot near or next to an open shaft or near a building wall that faces on a shaft, areaway, courtyard or street.
D) If difficulty is encountered opening the bulkhead door, vent the bulkhead skylight first. Units operating below shall be warned by handie-talkie prior to breaking glass. Pause after breaking the first pane, as this serves as a warning to members below and also allows the Roof Firefighter to determine the wind direction.
ANSWER: B) The priority order of accessing the roof is the adjoining building, then rear fire escape, and finally, the aerial ladder. (INCORRECT)
(Ladders 3 - 3.2.6)
* The priority order of accessing the roof is the adjoining building, then aerial ladder, and finally, the rear fire escape. "BAR"
