FFP - TAXPAYERS Flashcards
Lt. Flashover of Engine 100 arrives at the scene of a taxpayer fire and finds a heavy smoke condition showing from the roll down gates of a locked up supermarket. Regarding the possibility of a backdraft, he would be correct to think which of the following?
A) Dense black smoke indicates a large quantity of O2.
B) Although back drafts can occur in any part of the structure, cellar and storage areas particularly vulnerable to back drafts.
C) A room or fire area requires only 15% of its space to contain an explosive mixture for the entire area to possibly explode.
D) The more air seepage a building or area has, the greater the danger of back draft.
ANSWER: B) Although back drafts can occur in any part of the structure, cellar and storage areas particularly vulnerable to back drafts.
A - Dense black smoke / LACK OF O2
C - TWENTY FIVE PERCENT (25%)
D - The TIGHTER a building the greater danger of B.D.
(FFP Taxpayer - 4.4.1)
A study group is discussing the three broad categories of taxpayers found throughout NYC. Each member of the group stated one point. Which was said incorrectly?
A) In the older type, built from the turn of the century until the 1920s, the decorative metal cornice found on the front of some buildings could be removed to provide access to the cockloft.
B) The most prevalent type was built from the 1920s to the 1960s. Firewalls may have been installed for subdivision of the building.
C) Buildings built from the 1920s to the 1960s have cornices, of the facade type, and signs are often attached to the front of the building. Removing the cornice or signs will provide access to the cockloft area.
D) The newer type construction was built since the 1960’s. The use of combustible construction material has been reduced. Steel bar joists are used to support the floors and roofs in place of wood beams.
ANSWER: C) Buildings built from the 1920s to the 1960s have cornices, of the facade type, and signs are often attached to the front of the building. Removing the cornice or signs will provide access to the cockloft area. (INCORRECT)
- Removing cornice or signs WILL NOT provide access to the cockloft.
(Taxpayers 2.3.1)
Mezzanine areas will be found in some taxpayers. Their location, area and use will differ. Choose a correct answer regarding mezzanines found in taxpayers.
A) In most cases the mezzanine area contains an office.
B) The height of the ceilings in the mezzanine will be below average.
C) Access to this area will usually be via two stairs or ladders.
D) The majority of mezzanines will be enclosed by walls.
ANSWER: B) The height of the ceilings in the mezzanine will be below average.
A - In most cases the mezzanine areas contain STORAGE OF GOODS (these areas MAY have an Office)
C - Access to this area is usually via A SMALL LADDER OR WOODEN STAIRS.
D - Majority of mezzanines WILL NOT BE enclosed by walls.
(Taxpayers 2.4)
Generally, the only auxiliary fire protection that may be found in taxpayers will be automatic sprinkler systems where required by code. Of the following buildings, which one would require an automatic sprinkler?
A) A taxpayer built under the 1938 Building Code with an area of 7,600 square feet.
B) A taxpayer built under the 1968 Building Code with an area of 6,000 square feet.
C) A Group M (Mercantile) building built under the 2008 Building Code with an area of 10,000 square feet. The full building requires sprinkler protection.
D) A Group M (Mercantile) building with 4 stores built under the 2008 Building Code with an area of 5,000 square feet in which merchandise is stored in high piled racks.
ANSWER: D) A Group M (Mercantile) building with 4 stores built under the 2008 Building Code with an area of 5,000 square feet in which merchandise is stored in high piled racks.
“10-75” Sprinklers are required
A - 1938 Code “10” (Area exceeding 10,000 sq. feet)
B - 1968 Code “75” (Area exceeding 7,500 sq. feet)
C - 2008 Code FULL BUILDING - Area exceeding 12,000 square feet OR the combined area on all
floors including mezzanines exceeds 24,000
square feet. (ALSO Storage of merchandise is in high-piled racks or rack storage arrays)
- Choice D requires sprinklers since the occupancy has merchandise that is stored in high piled racks (such as a Costco or BJs)
(Taxpayers 2.4)
The cockloft is a common area usually extending over all of the stores in a structure. What is the height of a cockloft in taxpayers?
A) Four inches to more than six feet
B) 2 to 3 feet
C) One foot to tall enough for a member to stand in
D) 1 to 4 feet
ANSWER: A) Four inches to more than six feet
Taxpayer - 4 inches to more than 6 feet
Brownstone - 2 to 3 feet
Rowframe - 1 foot to tall enough for a member to stand
H-Type - Up to 4 feet
(Taxpayers 3.2.1)
There are many types of roofs in taxpayers. According to the Taxpayer bulletin which is the most common type of roof found?
A) Wood joist covered with either tongue and groove boards or plywood.
B) Wooden bowstring truss
C) Parallel chord wood truss
D) Steel bar joist
ANSWER: A) Wood joist covered with either tongue and groove boards or plywood.
(Taxpayer 3.3.1)
Truss construction is used where large areas, free of roof support columns are required. Trusses can be either wood or steel. Which of the following is an incorrect statement about truss construction?
A) The open web joist or steel bar joist prevalent in modern taxpayer construction is a lightweight parallel chord truss.
B) The wooden bowstring truss is found in older commercial structures. It is common in supermarkets, bowling alleys and lumberyards.
C) The wooden bowstring truss has a characteristic hump-like profile where the roof appears to rise up from below the parapet wall to tower above it. The longer the span, the higher the bow.
D) Updated calculations have revealed that bowstring truss roofs may support 60% of the load they were originally designed to hold
ANSWER: D) Updated calculations have revealed that bowstring truss roofs may support 60% of the load they were originally designed to hold. (INCORRECT)
- FORTY (40%)
(Taxpayers 3.3.3)
An officer drilling with his members on roof operations at taxpayer fires was correct in all but which one point made?
A) A snow load can cause an eccentric (off center), unbalanced, concentrated load that can create an overload on the trusses.
B) Wood truss roofs tend to get “spongy” prior to failing. Steel trusses tend to “stretch” when losing their strength because of elevated temperatures.
C) Failure of one truss element can cause a failure of the entire truss, which can in turn pull down a number of trusses, in a domino effect.
D) The added live load of firefighters and their equipment on a bowstring roof can precipitate collapse.
ANSWER: B) Wood truss roofs tend to get “spongy” prior to failing. Steel trusses tend to “stretch” when losing their strength because of elevated temperatures. (INCORRECT)
- Wood truss roofs appear to FAIL WITHOUT WARNING. The roof does NOT sag or get “spongy.”
- Steel trusses tend to “stretch” when losing their strength because of elevated temperatures, but WOOD TENDS TO “SNAP”
(Taxpayer 3.3.3)
Members are drilling on roof operations at taxpayer fires. Which point made below was incorrect?
A) Open web steel joists, found in modern taxpayer construction have excellent fire resistance ratings.
B) They are used to span long distances of up to 60 feet
C) They are particularly vulnerable to elevated temperatures of fire and may collapse after only 5 or 10 min.
D) Open web steel joists may be covered with various roof decks, including solid wood, steel deck and gypsum.
ANSWER: A) Open web steel joists, found in modern taxpayer construction have excellent fire resistance ratings. (INCORRECT)
- NO FIRE RESISTANCE
(Taxpayer 3.3.3)
A parapet wall is a continuation of an exterior wall, firewall or party wall above a roofline. According to the Taxpayer bulletin, which of the following incorrectly describes a parapet wall?
A) The parapet section of the exterior walls may extend around the entire perimeter of a building roof area.
B) The weight of the parapet is supported by the steel “I” beams or angle shapes, which span the openings for the display windows and entrance doors.
C) “I” beams which support the roof joists often butt against the front parapet. An uncontrolled fire in a remote portion of the taxpayer or in the cockloft may be heating these “I” beams causing their expansion and steadily pushing the parapet outward.
D) Parapet walls usually fall in separate small sections. Rarely will a long section topple onto the sidewalk.
ANSWER: D) Parapet walls usually fall in separate small sections. Rarely will a long section topple onto the sidewalk. (INCORRECT)
- A long section of this wall often remains intact as the wall topples onto the sidewalk. Members have been killed or injured by such wall collapses.
(Falls in LARGE SECTIONS)
(Taxpayer 3.4.3)
An average 50 foot long steel beam, heated uniformly over its length to 970 degrees will extend in length approximately ____ inches. At 1000 degrees a 100 foot long beam will have extended ____ inches.
A) 4 / 12 1/2”
B) 6 / 12 1/2”
C) 4 / 9 1/2”
D) 6 / 9 1/2”
ANSWER: C) 4 / 9 1/2”
- An average 50 foot long steel beam, heated uniformly over its length to 970 degrees will extend in length approximately FOUR (4”) inches.
- At 1000 degrees a 100 foot long beam will have extended NINE AND A HALF (9 1/2”) inches.
(Taxpayer 3.6.1)
When steel beams are heated from 1000F to 1500F, their yield strength drops dramatically and they start to soften and fail. Choose the incorrect statement regarding heated steel beams.
A) This temperature can be reached in 5 to 10 minutes at a fire and it is only a matter of time at an uncontrolled fire (30 minutes for smaller beam sections), until these beams can be heated beyond their strength limitations.
B) Cooling a steel member will cause it to regain its strength and load carrying capability, and under normal circumstances, there should be no hesitation in cooling these members.
C) If a beam has already sagged under the weight of floors or roof, firefighters should not be allowed in the possible collapse zone, unless the beams are quickly cooled and a Safety Officer deems the area safe.
D) Steel with contract to its original length as it is cooled.
ANSWER: C) If a beam has already sagged under the weight of floors or roof, firefighters should not be allowed in the possible collapse zone, unless the beams are quickly cooled and a Safety Officer deems the area safe. (INCORRECT)
- If a beam has already sagged under the weight of floors or roof, firefighters should not be allowed in the possible collapse zone PERIOD.
(Taxpayer 3.6.3)
Columns in taxpayers can be made from wood, cast iron, Lally columns (steel or cast iron) or masonry piers which support the beams. Cast iron columns are unpredictable and fail, on the average in about ____ minutes in fire endurance tests.
A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 60
ANSWER: C) 30
- Cast iron columns are unpredictable and fail, on the average in about THIRTY (30) minutes in fire endurance tests
(Taxpayers 3.7)
Various types of flooring can be found in taxpayers. All of the following are correct regarding flooring with the exception of?
A) The most common type of flooring is tongue and groove boards or plywood supported by lightweight steel joists.
B) Heavy terrazzo or concrete is sometimes placed over wood joist floor construction, creating an extremely dangerous condition.
C) Paneling under display windows at street fronts can sometimes be removed to offer ventilation and stream operation points for cellar fires.
D) In newer type taxpayer slab construction, concrete floors are prevalent on ground level with no basements or cellars in the buildings.
ANSWER: A) The most common type of flooring is tongue and groove boards or plywood supported by lightweight steel joists. (INCORRECT)
- Most common type of flooring is tongue and groove boards or plywood supported by WOOD FLOOR JOISTS
(Taxpayers 3.9)
Metal overhead rolling security doors can be found to cover an entire store or building front. Which answer is incorrect when discussing these doors?
A) Case hardened padlocks may secure these doors. These locks defy our conventional methods for forcing them open, and they must be cut with a saw or torch.
B) The weight that is added to the front walls, especially when the door is in the closed position, can cause the lintel over the store to fail.
C) When the spring tension is gone, motor or hoist devices usually will not prevent the door from coming down hard once it starts down.
D) Doors can be secured from rolling by clamping vise grips in the track under the roller or by placing a ladder as a stop.
ANSWER: B) The weight that is added to the front walls, especially when the door is in the closed position, can cause the lintel over the store to fail. (INCORRECT)
- Especially when the door is in the OPEN POSITION.
(Taxpayers 3.11)
Which one of the following is not listed as a sign of collapse in Taxpayers?
A) A heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for 20 minutes or more, particularly in a small isolated area.
B) Inability to make successful headway against a heavy fire condition within 20 minutes into the operation at the fire.
C) Spongy or soft feeling as you walk on the roof.
D) Presence of heavy equipment or signs on the roof. These are examples of static loads.
ANSWER: A) A heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for 20 minutes or more, particularly in a small isolated area. (INCORRECT)
- 20 minutes or more particularly in a LARGE OPEN FLOOR AREA
(Taxpayer 4.2.5)
A backdraft, smoke explosion or hot air explosion is the ignition and rapid combustion of a mixture of flammable gas or dust and air which flashes back through openings around the fire area. The following statements about backdrafts were made by a group of officers. Which one is incorrect?
A) Warning signs of potential backdraft include the reversal of air, pulling smoke back into a smoke filled opening and glass windows stained with smoke condensation that is pulsating from the pressure of the fire.
B) Colors associated with a backdraft include dense black smoke, dirty brown, yellow brown and gray yellow.
C) Cocklofts and open areas are particularly vulnerable to backdrafts, however it can occur in any part of a structure.
D) The type and size of openings made by the FDNY can influence the severity of a backdraft.
ANSWER: C) Cocklofts and open areas are particularly vulnerable to backdrafts, however it can occur in any part of a structure. (INCORRECT)
- CELLAR and STORAGE AREAS are particularly vulnerable to backdrafts.
(Taxpayers 4.4.1)
A room or fire area required _____ percent of its space to contain the explosive mixture for the entire area to possibly explode.
A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 65
ANSWER: B) 25
A room or fire area required TWENTY FIVE (25) percent of its space to contain the explosive mixture for the entire area to possibly explode.
(Taxpayer 4.4.1 F)
Captain Smokey and his ladder company are discussing backdrafts in Taxpayers during roll call. How many of the following statements were made correctly?
- The presence of smoke and the force of it issuing from cornices, scuttles, skylights, windows, doors or other openings may give some indication of the fire location and its severity.
- The proper procedure is to open the roof or area directly over the fire to allow hot gases to move upward through the opening away from the fire.
- Even if a backdraft occurs after the roof has vented, the explosion will be diverted upward, out of the roof opening away from the firefighters advancing the hoseline.
- If horizontal ventilation is performed at lower levels prior to roof venting, the chances of a backdraft explosion are greatly decreased.
- After roof venting has been accomplished, entry may be forced at the lower level and lines can be advanced to extinguish the fire.
- An alternative to roof venting, is the use of a hose stream from a distance or flanking position, which is immediately discharged when the fire area is opened up. This may be just as effective as roof ventilation.
A) 6 B) 5 C) 4 D) 3
ANSWER: C) 4 (1/2/3/5 are CORRECT)
Choices 4 and 6 are INCORRECT
4 - If horizontal ventilation is performed at lower levels prior to roof venting, the chances of a backdraft explosion are greatly INCREASED.
6 - An alternative to roof venting, is the use of a hose stream from a distance or flanking position, which is immediately discharged when the fire area is opened up. This tactic is NOT AS EFFECTIVE as roof ventilation. This tactic may only be used if we cannot get onto the roof and make a ventilation hole.
(Taxpayer 4.4.1)
Of the following statements about fire extension in taxpayers, which one is incorrect?
A) A fire originating in the cellar has a strong possibility of entering the bays between joists. If this occurs, the fire will travel the length of the joist.
B) In most cases, the high portion of the cockloft is at the front of the building. If fire enters the cockloft at the high point or the front of the building, our fire problem is less severe than if it has entered into the cockloft from the rear.
C) The standard (flat) roof may have little or no pitch. If it is pitched, it will be from the front to the rear.
D) Since most fires originate in the cellar where utilities, storage and services are located, this is the area from which the fire usually extends to the cockloft.
ANSWER: D) Since most fires originate in the cellar where utilities, storage and services are located, this is the area from which the fire usually extends to the cockloft. (INCORRECT)
- Most taxpayer fires originate in the REAR OF THE FIRST FLOOR.
(Taxpayer 5.3.3)
Upon arrival at a 2nd alarm fire in a one story taxpayer, the IC assigns you as the Roof Sector Supervisor pending the arrival of an additional BC. As the RSS, you should remember all but which point?
A) It must be understood that ventilation will increase the intensity of the fire if it is not carefully coordinated with Engine hoseline operations.
B) An insufficient vent opening will cause the heat, smoke and fire to “back up” and vent toward another available flow path opening. For this reason a hole, 6 feet x 6 feet where possible is recommended.
C) The immediate ventilation and cutting of an effective size hole on the roof calls for two saws and four members on the roof.
D) The Roof Sector Supervisor can start a trench cut where he/she sees the necessity for it. Immediate notification to the IC is mandatory.
ANSWER: B) An insufficient vent opening will cause the heat, smoke and fire to “back up” and vent toward another available flow path opening. For this reason a hole, 6 feet x 6 feet where possible is recommended. (INCORRECT)
- Taxpayer EIGHT x EIGHT FEET (8’ x 8’ hole)
(Taxpayers 5.4.6)
After battling a stubborn cockloft fire in a taxpayer, the members of a ladder company are talking about the trench cut that was made. Which action was not taken properly?
A) The trench cut was cut 4 feet wide.
B) The trench cut was used as a ventilation hole in addition to the other ventilation holes.
C) The members cutting the trench took advantage of shafts, chimneys, bulkheads, and scuttles
D) Since the fire had seriously involved a major portion of the cockloft, two trench cuts were made.
ANSWER: D) Since the fire had seriously involved a major portion of the cockloft, two trench cuts were made. (INCORRECT)
- For Taxpayers the books state that IT IS NOT PRACTICAL to cut a trench if the fire has seriously involved a major portion of the cockloft. In this case, ventilation holes are needed.
A - Trench cut must be AT LEAST 3 FEET WIDE
(Taxpayers 5.6)
In newer taxpayers many of the roof supports are made of lightweight open web steel joists. Which answer does not illustrate correct knowledge of these roof systems?
A) Members shall not operate on roofs of buildings with this type of roof system.
B) They are spaced greater distances apart than the standard wood joists.
C) The spacing of the joists will vary depending on the strength of the joists and the type of roof decking used.
D) Lightweight truss members have little inherent fire resistance.
ANSWER: A) Members shall not operate on roofs of buildings with this type of roof system. (INCORRECT)
- CANNOT cut these roof systems
- CAN operate on these roof systems
(Taxpayers 5.5.26)
A second alarm should be transmitted at a Taxpayer fire in which choice?
A) When 2 lines are operating on an advanced fire on the 1st floor of a store.
B) A medium fire condition in the cellar that requires 2 lines.
C) A fire in a store that has extended to three bays in the cockloft.
D) An advanced fire in a store with heavy smoke but no fire in exposure O2 and O4.
ANSWER: C) A fire in a store that has extended to three bays in the cockloft.
A - Extra Engine and Truck
B - An ADVANCED fire condition in the cellar would require a 2nd.
D - Advanced store fire with NO EXTENSION is extra Eng/Truck
- Taxpayer 2nd alarm for:
1) Extension to cockloft
2) Extension to exposure
3) Advanced fire in cellar
(Taxpayers 5.7.4)
Placing portable ladders to the roof for roof operations is extremely important at Taxpayer fires. Which choice is correct concerning portable ladder placement?
A) When placing portable ladders to the roof of a one story Taxpayer, the front is the only side that is required to be covered.
B) A minimum of one portable ladder shall be placed to the roof of a one story Taxpayer on the front of the building.
C) If two portable ladders are placed to the roof on the front of the building, they shall be placed close together so as not to impair TL operations.
D) When there is a heavy smoke condition or the store window is covered by security devices, the roof examination may provide a quicker means of identifying the involved location.
ANSWER: D) When there is a heavy smoke condition or the store window is covered by security devices, the roof examination may provide a quicker means of identifying the involved location.
A - ALL SIDES should be covered by portables
B - Minimum of TWO (2) portables places to the front of the building
C - DO NOT PLACE CLOSE TOGETHER. They shall be placed to indicate the boundaries of the fire building or the location of division walls within the boundaries of the fire.
(Taxpayer 5.7.8)
While conducting a drill on general Engine Company tactics at a Taxpayer fire, Lieutenant Elliot made several statements. Which one was incorrect?
A) All handlines stretched shall be 2 1/2”
B) When compatible with fire conditions, 1 3/4” handlines may be used in exposures.
C) If difficulty is encountered in gaining entrance to a Taxpayer fire, a small hole made in the security doors, and removal of the window may provide an opening for hose stream operations.
D) Where entry is delayed or where pulling of ceilings is impossible due to fire conditions or ceiling construction, a hoseline or lines operated properly into a trench cut may confine the fire.
ANSWER: A) All handlines stretched shall be 2 1/2” (INCORRECT)
- When HEAVY OR MEDIUM fire conditions are encountered the initial lines should be 2-1/2 inch.
- If the striking power and the water capability of 2-1/2
inch hoselines are not required, after the initial attack, they can be reduced to 1-3/4 inch lines for subsequent operations.
D - For Taxpayers you can operate a line into the trench in this situation. Note that in MDs it describes operating a line in a brief side to side motion for trench operations.
(Taxpayer 7.1.2)
Upon arrival at a fire in the cellar of a one story Taxpayer, Captain Jones considered several tactics. Which is the only incorrect one?
A) When their is an interior stair to the cellar, especially if it is an open stair, and conditions permit, the 1st line must be stretched to this point.
B) When the line can advance down the cellar stairs, it should do so. A 2nd hoseline must be stretched to the top of the stairs.
C) The last member on the hoseline in the cellar must maintain surveillance of the area to the rear for endangering fire or other conditions by removing their glove and raising their hand above their head.
D) A member positioned at the interior entrance to the cellar should monitor conditions on the 1st floor.
E) Flood the 1st floor with the use of a Stang monitor or TL pipe as a last resort.
ANSWER: C) The last member on the hoseline in the cellar must maintain surveillance of the area to the rear for endangering fire or other conditions by removing their glove and raising their hand above their head. (INCORRECT)
- Maintain surveillance of conditions on the first floor PERIOD. DO NOT remove glove to check for heat conditions.
(Taxpayer 7.2.2)
E-100, E-200 and E-300 arrived in order at a fire in the cellar of a 1 story, eight occupancy Taxpayer. Which Engine company operated correctly?
A) E-100 stretched a line to supply the sprinkler system and then stretched a line to the occupancy above the fire.
B) After assisting E-100 with the first line, E-200 supplied the sprinkler system and then stretched a 2nd line.
C) E-200 ensured the sprinkler system was supplied as they are required to do.
D) E-300 stretched the 2nd line to an adjoining occupancy.
ANSWER: B) After assisting E-100 with the first line, E-200 supplied the sprinkler system and then stretched a 2nd line.
A - 1st due initially stretches into the occupancy above the fire and THEN IF STAFFING AND CONDITIONS PERMIT stretch a 2nd line to feed sprinkler.
B - CORRECT / After assisting 1st due with the initial line, if the 1st due company has not supplied the sprinkler and if staffing and conditions permit, the 2nd due should supply the sprinkler. Then 2nd due Engine may stretch a backup line to the first line if staffing and conditions permit for the following situations
1 - To control 1st floor If 1st line advanced into cellar
2 - Serve as backup line to the 1st line
3 - Stretch into cellar via interior stairs or outside entrance if the first line is controlling the 1st floor.
4 - To employ the use of cellar pipes or distributors over the fire.
C - Third Engine ENSURES sprinkler is supplied
D - Third Engine stretches a 2nd line into the FIRST FLOOR if 2nd due hasn’t done so to control 1st floor if 1st line has advanced into cellar, backup the first line, advance into cellar if first line hasn’t or employ use of cellar pipes or distributors.
(Taxpayer 7.2.3)
Three Engine companies are assigned to a fire on the 1st floor in a sneaker store with numerous large storefront windows, at 1200 hours on a Wednesday. Which Engine Company Operated incorrectly?
A) The 1st Engine Company stretched a line through the main exit door into the sneaker store.
B) After assisting the 1st Engine with the initial line, the 2nd Engine Company supplied the sprinkler system.
C) After assisting the 1st Engine with the initial line and supplying the sprinkler system, the 2nd Engine company stretched a 2nd hoseline into the sneaker store to backup the 1st Engine Company’s hoseline.
D) The 3rd Engine Company ensured the sprinkler system was supplied.
ANSWER: A) The 1st Engine Company stretched a line through the main exit door into the sneaker store. (INCORRECT)
- Store Windows used for LINE ADVANCEMENT
- Exit Doors left for EGRESS FOR VICTIMS
(Taxpayer 7.3.1)
E-516, E-212 and E-718 are the first 3 Engine Companies to arrive at a fire in a one story Taxpayer with 5 occupancies. Upon arrival, units discover fire that in control of the cockloft above a closed Chinese Restaurant that is extending via the cockloft to Exposure O2, an occupied stationary store. In which choice did units operate incorrectly?
A) Engine 516 positioned their apparatus to utilize the deck pipe while using in-line pumping.
B) Engine 516 stretched a hoseline into the stationary store.
C) Engine 516 stretched a hoseline into the Chinese restaurant.
D) E 718 ensured the sprinkler system was supplied.
ANSWER: C) Engine 516 stretched a hoseline into the Chinese restaurant. (INCORRECT)
- When fire has CONTROL OF THE COCKLOFT and EXPOSURE PROTECTION IS CRITICAL 1st Engine:
1 - Positions to utilize deckipipe. In-line pumping will give good positioning and allow room for placement of a tower ladder.
2 - Stretch a handline into the MOST SERIOUSLY EXPOSED occupancy/building, depending on life hazard and the location and severity of the fire. (In this scenario the stationary store which is occupied / Chinese restaurant is closed)
3 - When exposures are NOT AN IMMEDIATE PROBLEM, then the first line should be stretched into the store under the main body of fire and operated to extinguish the fire.
(Taxpayer 7.3.5)
Which tactic at a cockloft fire in a Taxpayer is incorrectly stated?
A) Units can operate from the roof with cellar pipes, distributors or New York bent tips.
B) Hoselines should never be operated directly into roof openings.
C) As a last resort, personnel shall be withdrawn and the use of a TL, multiversal, and deckpipe streams resorted to.
D) On older type taxpayers, there may be vents or store signs attached to the front of the building that can be removed and streams operated into the cockloft.
ANSWER: B) Hoselines should never be operated directly into roof openings. (INCORRECT)
- Operate hoselines directly into roof openings. This generally is not a good practice but in some cases may be the only way of hitting the fire and controlling it.
- Before lines are operated into the roof all interior operations must cease or personnel withdrawn to a safe area. It must be remembered that the primary purpose of roof lines is to protect members operating on the roof and prevent fire extension to exposures.
(Taxpayers 7.3.3)
TL 44 and Aerial Ladder 19 arrive first and second due to a cellar fire in a one story Taxpayer. The Taxpayer is 100’ x 60’, has 4 separate occupancies, and is the corner building. Which action taken by the FE Team of TL 44 was incorrect?
A) They proceeded to the store occupancy above the fire and performed FE at the store and cellar entrance.
B) They searched the store above the fire for occupants and then worked in with the Engine companies.
C) After communicating and coordinating with the Officer of TL44, they ventilated the store and took out the store windows.
D) They notified L19 to shut down the utilities.
ANSWER: D) They notified L19 to shut down the utilities. (INCORRECT)
- FIRST DUE TRUCK shuts down utilities.
(Taxpayer 8.2.2)
TL 44 and Aerial Ladder 19 arrive first and second due to a cellar fire in a one story Taxpayer. The Taxpayer is 100’ x 60’, has 4 separate occupancies, and is the corner building. Which member of the Outside Team of TL 44 operated correctly?
A) The Roof FF immediately took the TL bucket to the roof.
B) The Roof FF placed and raised a portable ladder to the roof and ventilated the skylight and scuttle after communicating with their Officer.
C) The OV FF immediately vented the cellar and store from the rear and then entered the cellar to conduct a search.
D) The LCC positioned the apparatus at the street corner to cover both sides of the building, and then assisted the OV FF in the rear.
ANSWER: B) The Roof FF placed and raised a portable ladder to the roof and ventilated the skylight and scuttle after communicating with their Officer.
A - 1 story Taxpayer - Roof FF places PORTABLE to roof
C - After communicating and coordinating with the Ladder Officer inside the area to be vented, the OV FF provides
ventilation at the rear for the cellar and store above the fire. If access in the rear is available, attempt entry when teamed with the 2nd Ladder OV (or another available member). Notify the company officer, and conduct searches with particular attention given to the FIRST FLOOR REAR (More likely for people to be trapped here)
D - Generally, the primary position of the 1st arriving tower ladder is IN FRONT OF the fire building/occupancy. Then the LCC joins the FORCIBLE ENTRY TEAM unless directed otherwise.
(Taxpayer 8.2.2)
TL 44 and Aerial Ladder 19 arrive first and second due to a cellar fire in a one story Taxpayer. The Taxpayer is 100’ x 60’, has 4 separate occupancies, and is the corner building. Which member of Ladder 19 operated correctly?
A) Ladder 19’s FE Team operated on the 1st floor of the store occupancy above the fire.
B) The Roof FF placed a 2nd portable ladder to the roof and brought the saw due to it not being needed elsewhere.
C) The OV FF began ventilation at the front of the adjoining occupancies.
D) The LCC placed the apparatus in front of the occupancy and raised the aerial ladder to the roof as a means of egress.
ANSWER: B) The Roof FF placed a 2nd portable ladder to the roof and brought the saw due to it not being needed elsewhere.
A - 2nd due FE Team operates on the ADJACENT stores and cellar entrances.
C - 2nd OV to the REAR
D - Aerial ladder places AWAY from fire immediate fire building.
(Taxpayer 8.2.2)
TL142 and TL155 are the 1st and 2nd arriving ladders at a fire in a 1 story Taxpayer. The fire originated in a florist occupancy, and has extended to the cockloft. The taxpayer is a 150’ x 100’ corner building and houses 6 occupancies. Which member of TL142 operated incorrectly at this fire?
A) The FE team removed the show windows of the florist when authorized by the IC, and only when a charged line was in position.
B) The FE Team checked the cellar for fire and shut down the gas and electric utilities.
C) The Roof FF placed a portable ladder to the roof and took the portable saw to the roof.
D) After hearing a HT transmission that the fire had extended to the cockloft, the LCC joined the OV in the rear of the building to facilitate ventilation.
ANSWER: D) After hearing a HT transmission that the fire had extended to the cockloft, the LCC joined the OV in the rear of the building to facilitate ventilation. (INCORRECT)
- LCC proceeds to the ROOF to assist the Roof FF if the fire has extended to the cockloft.
(Taxpayer 8.3.3)
TL142 and TL155 are the 1st and 2nd arriving ladders at a fire in a 1 story Taxpayer. The fire originated in a florist occupancy, and has extended to the cockloft. The taxpayer is a 150’ x 100’ corner building and houses 6 occupancies. TL155 operated correctly in which choice?
A) The FE Team assisted TL142 in pulling ceilings in the florist occupancy.
B) The Roof FF accessed the roof via the portable ladder that the Roof FF in TL142 had placed to the roof, and did not bring the saw due to one already in operation on the roof.
C) The OV FF proceeded to the roof as directed by her Officer when she heard the HT transmission that fire has extended to the cockloft.
D) The LCC placed the apparatus on the intersecting street front, and joined the Roof FF on the roof.
ANSWER: C) The OV FF proceeded to the roof as directed by her Officer when she heard the HT transmission that fire has extended to the cockloft.
A - Pull ceilings in the ADJOINING OCCUPANCY.
B - 2nd Roof put ANOTHER PORTABLE to the roof and BRINGS THE SAW.
D - The building is 150’ wide and the 1st due TL only covers 100’ frontage. Therefore the 2nd ladder should also be placed IFO Building.
- Note in choice C, the 2nd OV can operate on the roof for a fire in the cockloft IF DIRECTED BY THEIR OFFICER.
- Members on the roof for a 1 story taxpayer where fire has extended to the cockloft are the 1st LCC FF / 1st Roof FF / 2nd Roof FF and 2nd OV FF (if directed)
(Taxpayer 8.3.3)
A well trained ladder company will be knowledgeable about their tool assignments at a Taxpayer fire. Which choice is stated incorrectly?
A) In addition to a can, hook, axe and halligan, the FE Team may need to use a bam-bam tool which is ineffective on case hardened locks.
B) When cutting the slats of a security door with the power saw, two cuts are made to form a triangle with the apex at the bottom.
C) The OV FF is required to bring a maul and a halligan to the rear.
D) When the member going to the roof is carrying the saw, a hook must also be taken. Members going to the roof subsequently should bring an axe or irons with the saw if available.
ANSWER: B) When cutting the slats of a security door with the power saw, two cuts are made to form a triangle with the apex at the bottom. (INCORRECT)
- Apex is at the TOP.
(Taxpayer 8.4.3)
High ceilings in Taxpayers may necessitate the use of 10 and 12 foot hooks. Which choice is correct concerning who should report in with 10 and 12 foot hooks?
A) Ladder companies, other than the 1st or 2nd arriving on the initial alarm, along with their normal tool compliment.
B) All ladder companies
C) Ladder companies, other than the 1st or 2nd arriving on the initial alarm, in lieu of their normal tool compliment.
D) All 2nd alarm Engine and Ladder Companies
ANSWER: A) Ladder companies, other than the 1st or 2nd arriving on the initial alarm, along with their normal tool compliment.
(Taxpayers 8.4.4)
Many two story Taxpayers have stores on the 1st floor, and large meeting halls, dance halls, restaurants or factories on the 2nd floor. Which choice is incorrect concerning construction and tactics at a fire in a two story Taxpayer?
A) A large hall on the 2nd floor may mean roof girders and a deep cockloft. A second floor fire will require using hooks 10 foot or longer to open the high ceilings.
B) If the fire originated in the cellar and extended to the 1st floor it may require flooding the first floor as a last resort.
C) An aerial ladder shall be placed to the roof at a fire originating on the 2nd floor of a 2 story Taxpayer.
D) At a fire originating on the 2nd floor of a 2 story Taxpayer, the FE team should use the fire escape to access the 2nd floor.
ANSWER: D) At a fire originating on the 2nd floor of a 2 story Taxpayer, the FE team should use the fire escape to access the 2nd floor. (INCORRECT)
- Use the STAIRWAY TO THE SECOND FLOOR.
(Taxpayer 9.2.2)
Which choice would be correct when discussing the type of taxpayer built from the 1920s into the 1960s?
A) They are usually larger in area than the older type, with many having one tenant such as a supermarket or restaurant.
B) If the area is large, firewalls may subdivide the building, with the termination point of the firewall usually extending through the roof boards forming a parapet.
C) Many are two stories in height, with second floor egress only via one interior stairway.
D) Removing front cornices or signs in most cases will provide access to the cockloft to extinguish the fire.
ANSWER: A) They are usually larger in area than the older type, with many having one tenant such as a supermarket or restaurant.
B - Termination points VARY
C - Second floor egress via ONE OR MORE INTERIOR STAIRS.
D - Removing front cornices or signs in most cases WILL NOT provide access to the cockloft. (Cornices can be removed in OLDER types of taxpayers 1900-1920)
(Taxpayer 2.3.2)
Regarding the older type of Taxpayer built from 1900 until the 1920s, which of the following statements are correct?
- They are always one story in height.
- Of the three broad categories of taxpayers, this type is considered most prevalent.
- Some of the older structures have partitions, girders, beams and columns of wood and may be considered wood frame buildings.
- If found, the metal cornice in this type of taxpayer can be removed to provide access to the cockloft area.
A) 1 and 2 B) 3 and 4 C) 1 and 4 D) 2 and 3
ANSWER: B) 3 and 4 are CORRECT
1 and 2 are INCORRECT
1 - USUALLY one story in height but there are some that have TWO STORIES.
2 - The most prevalent type built from the 1920’s into the 1960’s.
(Taxpayer 2.3.1)
The type of taxpayer built since the 1960’s is correctly described in which answer?
A) They contain the same type occupancies and the structural features will be similar to the previous types of taxpayers, except that they have seen a reduction in the use of combustible materials.
B) In many of these buildings the difference is the use of steel bar joists, which are typically spaced the same distance apart as standard wood joists.
C) The most common roof decking used with lightweight open web steel joists is gypsum planks.
D) Steel bar joists are used more often because of the ability to withstand temperatures for a longer duration than a comparable size wood joist.
ANSWER: A) They contain the same type occupancies and the structural features will be similar to the previous types of taxpayers, except that they have seen a reduction in the use of combustible materials.
(Taxpayers 2.3.3 and 5.5.26)
B - Steel bar joists are placed GREATER DISTANCES APART than standard wood joists.
C - Most common roof decking used with LW open web steel joist is CORRUGATED STEEL JOISTS.
D - Steel bar joists are WEAKER and fail within 5-10 min.
A Lt. asked a firefighter to describe the features of a mezzanine area found in a taxpayer. The firefighter should have been corrected in which choices.
- A majority of these areas will be enclosed by solid walls.
- The height of ceilings in the mezzanine and the area below will be below average.
- Most mezzanines have probably been added after the original construction date and the load bearing components can be lightweight.
- Access to this area usually is by way of two means, a small wooden stairs and a ladder.
A) 1 and 3 B) 2 and4 C) 1 and 4 D) 2 and 3
ANSWER: C) 1 and 4 are INCORRECT
(Taxpayers 2.4)
1 - A majority of these areas are NOT ENCLOSED, however they do have railings.
4 - Access to this area is by way of a small wooden stair OR a ladder. (one or the other)
A sharp captain would know that automatic sprinklers are required in how many of the following one story taxpayer buildings?
- 200 x 50 building under the 1938 Code
- 40 x 200 building built under the 1968 Code
- 100 x 100 building built under the 2008 code
- 80 x 100 individual occupancy within a building under 2008 Code
A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four
ANSWER: B) Two (2 and 4 require sprinklers)
(Taxpayers 2.5.1)
1938 Code - Area exceeding 10,000 square feet. (10,001)
1968 Code - Area exceeding 7,500 square feet. (7,501)
2008 Code FULL BUILDING - Area exceeding 12,000
square feet OR the combined area on all
floors including mezzanines exceeds 24,000
square feet.
2008 Code OCCUPANCY WITHIN BUILDING - Area
exceeding 7,500 square feet OR area of any
size is located 3 stories above grade OR area
of any size is located in a High Rise building
OR area of any size contains an unenclosed
stair or escalator connecting two or more
floors.
Regarding truss construction features which of the following statements is incorrect?
A) Truss members from a combination of interdependent components used to span large distances through the use of smaller pieces fastened together.
B) The truss is composed of two major members, the top and bottom web which are connected by chords placed vertically and diagonally.
C) Failure of one truss element can cause a failure of the entire truss in the early stages of a fire.
D) Wood truss roofs appear to fail without warning, and do not get spongy or sag.
ANSWER: B) The truss is composed of two major members, the top and bottom web which are connected by chords placed vertically and diagonally. (Incorrect)
(Taxpayers 3.3.3)
Truss has 2 members, the top and bottom CHORD which are connected by WEBS placed vertically and diagonally.
Wooden bowstring truss roof design can present serious dangers to FDNY members. Which is a correct statement about these dangers?
A) Engineers typically designed trusses to account for eccentric snow loads and additional loads such as mechanical equipment on the roof or storage in the truss area.
B) All documented collapses have involved some type of fire impingement.
C) Wooden trusses are affected by fire at the same rate as conventional wood roof beam construction.
D) The bottom chords of many bowstring trusses have inadequate tensile strength, sometimes as much as 40% less than what they were originally designed to hold.
ANSWER: D) The bottom chords of many bowstring trusses have inadequate tensile strength, sometimes as much as 40% less than what they were originally designed to hold.
(Taxpayers 3.3.3)
A - When the bowstring truss was originally designed, engineers used certain assumptions pertaining to tensile strength of wood. But using updated testing methods those assumptions have proven to be incorrect.
B - Truss failure can occur WITHOUT fire impingement
C - Wood trusses are affected by fire AT A MORE RAPID RATE as conventional wood beam construction
A firefighter operating on the roof of a taxpayer should know which point to be correct?
A) Wooden bowstring trusses have a characteristic hump-like roof, and the shorter the roof spans the higher the bow will be.
B) Other types of truss construction are not as easily discerned from the exterior of the building.
C) In older type wooden truss roof buildings, the trusses are spaced 4-6 feet apart.
D) A wooden bowstring truss roof is not an easily recognizable feature and members must rely on CIDS for this information.
ANSWER: B) Other types of truss construction are not as easily discerned from the exterior of the building.
(Taxpayer 3.3.3)
A - the LONGER the roof spans, the HIGHER the bow will be.
C - trusses are spaced TEN TO TWENTY (10-20) FEET APART.
D - Wooden bowstring truss roof IS EASILY RECOGNIZED.
When subjected to fire, unprotected open webbed steel joists may collapse after ________________?
A) 5 or 10 min
B) 15 or 20 min
C) 30 or 40 min
D) 45 to 60 min
ANSWER: A) 5 or 10 min
Taxpayer 3.3.3
Which of the following points concerning walls in taxpayer structures is correctly stated?
A) When brick walls fail, the usually hinge at ground level with an entire side or rear wall remaining intact and falling out flat. Concrete block walls usually crumble or break as they fall.
B) A collapse or disintegration of the roof may impart a shear load, either pushing out or pulling in on the wall as stresses are formed.
C) Stability of masonry walls depends on the load being concentrated in a vertical direction through the wall. Any degree of tilting which causes this load to be applied axial to the vertical may cause collapse.
D) Interior partition walls between stores are usually of wood stud construction, with plaster or sheetrock covering, and are usually fire stopped at the floor and the ceiling by wood sills and plates.
ANSWER: D) Interior partition walls between stores are usually of wood stud construction, with plaster or sheetrock covering, and are usually fire stopped at the floor and the ceiling by wood sills and plates.
(Taxpayer 3.4)
A - Concrete block walls (hinge at ground level) Brick walls (crumble or break as they fall)
B - Collapse of roof may impart a LATERAL LOAD, either pushing out or pulling in on the wall as stresses are formed.
C - Any degree of tilting which causes this load to be applied ECCENTRICALLY to the vertical may cause collapse.
Exposed steel “I” Beams are commonly used in taxpayer construction to support roof and floor joists. Which point about these steel beams is correctly stated?
A) A large, heavy “I” beam will be able to absorb less heat and it’s temperature will rise more rapidly than a lightweight beam.
B) An average 50 foot long steel beam heated uniformly over its length to 970 degrees will extend in length approximately four inches. At 1000 degrees a 100 foot long beam will also have extended its length four inches.
C) The temperature at which steel can soften and fail can be reached in five to ten minutes at a fire.
D) Cooling a steel member will cause it to regain its strength and load carrying ability, but it will not contract to its original length.
ANSWER: C) The temperature at which steel can soften and fail can be reached in five to ten minutes at a fire.
(Taxpayers 3.6)
A - Large “I” beam absorbs MORE heat and it’s temperature will rise more SLOWLY than a lightweight beam.
B - At 1000 degrees a 100 foot beam will extend NINE AND A HALF INCHES (9 1/2”)
D - Cooling a steel member will cause it to regain its strength and it WILL CONTRACT TO ITS ORIGINAL LENGTH.
Which of the following taxpayer construction feature points is accurate?
A) Paneling under display windows at street fronts can sometimes be removed for cellar access, as the flooring is sometimes omitted under the raised display platform.
B) Marquees and canopies usually are connected directly to a front load bearing wall, and a cockloft fire should generally not affect their stability.
C) Indications of a cellar fire below a heavy terrazzo floor placed over wood joists will usually be evident upon arrival.
D) Cellar ceilings are not required to be fire retardant.
ANSWER: A) Paneling under display windows at street fronts can sometimes be removed for cellar access, as the flooring is sometimes omitted under the raised display platform.
(Taxpayer 3.9.3)
B - A fire in the cockloft CAN weaken these attachments or supports, causing sudden collapse of the canopy or marquee and a long section of the parapet wall, without any warning.
C - Indications of a cellar fire below a heavy terrazzo floor will usually NOT BE EVIDENT upon arrival.
D - Cellar ceilings ARE required to be fire retarded.
Which is the most common type of flooring in a taxpayer?
A) Heavy Terrazo
B) Concrete on Q-decking
C) Tongue and Groove boards or plywood.
D) None of the above
ANSWER: C) Tongue and Groove boards or plywood
Taxpayer 3.9.1
In assessing the possibility of structural collapse, the IC must take into account certain considerations. Which of the following points is not mentioned in FFP Taxpayers as one of these considerations?
A) Type of construction involved in the fire.
B) Intensity of the fire.
C) Time that the structural members have been burning.
D) Heavy body of fire burning out of control for 10 minutes or more.
ANSWER: D) Heavy body of fire burning out of control for 10 minutes or more. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 4.2.1)
“TINT” (Type, Intensity, Time)
*Heavy body of fire burning out of control for TWENTY (20) minutes or more.
Upon arrival at an occupied taxpayer fire during business hours, an engine company Lt. notices the sign above the entrance door denoting a smoke shop occupancy. There is a medium fire condition that involved the store. The Lt. would be correct in choosing which tactic for his unit at this fire?
A) Stretch a 2 1/2” handline and if possible knock down the fire from just inside the store entrance before advancing the line.
B) Order members to break the storefront windows for ventilation.
C) Stretch a 2 1/2” handline and if possible knock down the fire from the sidewalk area before advancing the line.
D) Stretch a 2 1/2” handline and knock down only visible fire after entry into the store.
ANSWER: C) Stretch a 2 1/2” handline and if possible knock down the fire from the sidewalk area before advancing the line.
(Taxpayers 4.3.3.F)
A and D - For smoke shops, proceed with extreme caution
B - LADDER OFFICER orders ventilation.
At a fire in a Taxpayer, all horizontal and initial vertical ventilation must be controlled by and coordinated with _____________?
A) The IC
B) The first engine officer
C) The ladder officer in the area to be vented
D) The rescue officer
ANSWER: C) The ladder officer in the area to be vented
Taxpayer 5.1.5
Which of the following points pertaining to lightweight open web steel joists is correct?
A) The spacing of the joists will vary depending on the strength of the supporting columns.
B) When using the most common decking, which is corrugated steel, the joists are spaced from one to three feet apart.
C) Roofs of fire buildings with this type roof support system must not be cut.
D) When a gypsum concrete roof deck is found with open web steel joists as the supporting system, vertical ventilation should be limited to the removal of skylights and scuttle covers.
ANSWER: C) Roofs of fire buildings with this type roof support system must not be cut. (Incorrect)
(Taxpayers 5.5.26)
A - Spacing of joists will vary depending on the strength of the JOISTS.
B - When using the common decking, which is corrugated steel, the joists are spaced from FOUR TO SIX FEET (4-6) APART.
D - DO NOT OPERATE IN GYPSUM ROOF.
A Lt. encountering a previously undocumented wooden bowstring truss roof on a building not in his administrative district would be correct to take which action?
A) It must be entered into eCIDS with the abbreviation BWSG in the building description section by the administrative unit.
B) It must be entered into eCIDS with the abbreviation BWSTRG as the FD designation by the administrative unit.
C) It must be entered into eCIDS with the abbreviation BWSTRG immediately following the building description section by him upon return to quarters.
D) It must be entered into eCIDS with the abbreviation BOWST as the FD designation by him upon return to quarters.
ANSWER: B) It must be entered into eCIDS with the abbreviation BWSTRG as the FD designation by the administrative unit.
(Taxpayers 3.3.3.K)
Which of the taxpayer construction features and their relation to possible building collapse is incorrectly stated?
A) Marquees are required to have drainage facilities, but may fill up with runoff water and collapse, pulling down the parapet wall.
B) Steel beams heated from 1000 degrees F to 1500 degrees F start to soften and fail, and hose streams should not be applied to them as they may crack or fail.
C) Cast iron columns are unpredictable and fail on average in about 30 minutes in fire endurance tests.
D) Metal overhead security doors can cause the lintel over the store front to fail, especially when they are in the open position.
ANSWER: B) Steel beams heated from 1000 degrees F to 1500 degrees F start to soften and fail, and hose streams should not be applied to them as they may crack or fail. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 3.5, 3.6.3)
*HOSE STREAMS SHOULD BE APPLIED TO STEEL BEAMS.
The failure of which structural member in a Taxpayer generally results in the more serious consequences in a collapse?
A) Floor or roof deck
B) Column
C) Beam
D) Girder
ANSWER: B) Column
(Taxpayer 3.7)
Order of most serious to least severe:
1) Bearing wall
2) Column
3) Girder
4) Beam
5) Roof deck
Security doors can challenge members during a fire. How many choices accurately describe scenarios members may face, and tactics they can employ to deal with doors that have been affected by fire?
- Heat causes springs to lose their tension, however motors and hoists will generally prevent doors from rolling down with tremendous force.
- Steel overhead tracks should be checked for integrity, as warped tracks will generally jam the door in the open position, negating a collapse potential.
- If a door can be operated electrically it should be done so immediately, prior to loss of spring tension.
- Doors can be secured from rolling down by clamping a vise grip pliers in the track under a roller or placing a ladder as a stop.
A) All B) One C) Two D) Three
ANSWER: C) Two (choice 3 and 4 are CORRECT)
(Taxpayers 3.11.4)
1 - Motors and hoists WILL NOT prevent doors from rolling down with tremendous force.
2 - Warped tracks will COME STRAIGHT DOWN.
Which one of the following is accurately described as either a cause or sign of a potential structural collapse in a Taxpayer?
A) An impact load, such as a firefighter jumping onto a roof, which had the same effect as a static load of the same weight.
B) Heavy body of fire burning out of control for 15 minutes or more.
C) Inability to make successful headway against a heavy fire condition within 10 minutes into an operation.
D) A spongy or soft feeling as a member walks on a standard roof.
ANSWER: D) A spongy or soft feeling as a member walks on a standard roof.
(Taxpayers 4.2.4 and 4.2.5)
A - An impact load has a MUCH GREATER EFFECT than the same weight carried as a static (stationary) load.
B - Fire burning out of control for TWENTY (20) min or more.
C - Inability to make headway within TWENTY (20) min into operation.
Which of the following factors is missing during a fire in the decay stage and is necessary to create a backdraft?
A) Combustibles
B) Heat
C) Oxygen
ANSWER: C) Oxygen
Taxpayers 4.4.1.F
When members are faced with backdraft conditions at Taxpayer fires, which is the proper sequence for fire attack?
A) Force entry at lower level, vent roof or area over fire, pull ceilings, operate hose line.
B) Vent roof or area over fire, pull ceilings, operate hose lines, force entry at lower level.
C) Vent roof or area over fire, force entry at lower levels, operate hose lines.
D) Operate hose lines, force entry at lower level, vent roof or area over fire.
ANSWER: C) Vent roof or area over fire, force entry at lower levels, operate hose lines.
(Taxpayers 4.4.1.K,M)
A room or fire area requires 50% of its space to contain a mixture of high heat, combustible gases and highly heated contents in order for a backdraft to occur. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
A) Agree
B) Disagree
ANSWER: B) Disagree
(Taxpayers 4.4.1.F)
*A room requires TWENTY FIVE PERCENT (25%) of its space for a backdraft to occur.
The most effective method in protecting firefighters from a potential backdraft is vertical ventilation, and no other method should be employed prior to firefighter entry into a suspected explosive atmosphere. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
A) Agree
B) Disagree
ANSWER: B) Disagree
(Taxpayers 4.4.1.N)
*An alternative to roof venting although not as effective, is the use of a hose stream.
Ventilation can be accomplished in various ways at a taxpayer fire. Which choice is correct concerning ventilation?
A) A roof cut for vertical ventilation must be large enough to permit rapid exit of heat and gases, and where possible should be 4 feet by 8 feet.
B) Engine companies can use the FT-2 tip and must adjust the fog pattern to the width of the opening and stand back four to five feet.
C) At cellar fires cutting the first floor is often necessary, and the cut should be made as near as possible to an outside opening such as a doorway or window.
D) Roof cuts should be lifted off in multiple, smaller, more manageable pieces.
ANSWER: B) Engine companies can use the FT-2 tip and must adjust the fog pattern to the width of the opening and stand back four to five feet.
(Taxpayers 5.4.6, 5.4.16, 5.4.22, 5.5.9)
A - Roof cut at taxpayer is 8 x 8 when possible.
C - Do NOT cut near a doorway.
D - If possible lift roof cuts IN ONE PIECE.
A newly promoted Lt. Arrived 1st due ladder at a commercial building fire. The eCIDS indicated a bowstring truss roof. After conferring with the Engine Lt. it was decided that an interior attack would be commenced. He was correct in which of the ensuing orders?
A) Ordered all of his members to accompany the engine into the structure to facilitate advancement of the line.
B) Ordered the roof FF to proceed to the roof to assess conditions, but instructed the FF not to cut the roof.
C) Once he recognized that there were ceilings in place, obscuring the trusses, he requested the OV FF to raise the TL bucket and make inspection cuts in the sloping hip section on the front of the roof.
D) Once he recognized that fire involved the underside of the roof boards, he directed the line to sweep the highest portion of the roof arch, and had members waiting outside the structure move up on the line.
ANSWER: C) Once he recognized that there were ceilings in place, obscuring the trusses, he requested the OV FF to raise the TL bucket and make inspection cuts in the sloping hip section on the front of the roof.
(Taxpayers 5.5.25)
A - Keep operating force to a MINIMUM.
B - BWSTRG roof (contents or structure fire we DO NOT OPERATE ON ROOF)
D - Fire involved in underside of roof boards (PULL OUT)
Collapse potential of a bowstring roof is great. Particular attention must be paid to which walls?
A) Both sidewalks
B) Front walls only
C) Rear walls only
D) Front and rear walls
ANSWER: D) Front and rear walls
Taxpayers 5.5.25.E
Members on the roof of a taxpayer who are prepared to make a trench cut should know that?
A) Trenching does not take the place of a primary ventilation hole, but may serve as an additional ventilation source.
B) The width of the trench should be at least 2 feet wide.
C) The trench must be made perpendicular to the roof joists in order to vent as many bays as possible.
D) When fire has seriously involved a major portion of the cockloft in a large taxpayer, multiple saws must be used to assist in trenching.
E) Avoid trenching that will incorporate a shaft, chimney or bulkhead, as fire can pass at this point.
ANSWER: A) Trenching does not take the place of a primary ventilation hole, but may serve as an additional ventilation source.
(Taxpayer 5.6)
B - Trench width should be at least THREE (3) FEET WIDE.
C - Trench should be made IN ANY DIRECTION WITH THE LEAST AMOUNT OF CUTTING.
D - Trench cut is NOT PRACTICAL in a large cockloft fire.
E - Use building features to help facilitate trench cut.
Which statement about roof supervision is accurate at Taxpayer fires?
A) The IC must assign an officer to supervise roof operations when one saw is working on the roof.
B) The IC must assign a Chief Officer as a Roof Sector Supervisor to supervise roof operations when two saws are working on the roof.
C) The IC should assign a Chief Officer as a Roof Sector Supervisor to supervise roof operations when roof cutting is critical.
D) The IC should assign an officer to supervise roof operations when roof cutting is critical.
ANSWER: C) The IC should assign a Chief Officer as a Roof Sector Supervisor to supervise roof operations when roof cutting is critical.
(Taxpayers 5.5.20, 5.4.12)
B - When 2 saws are working = can be an officer OR chief
While responding as the first due battalion chief to a fire in a taxpayer, BC Gooden considered all of the following points. Which point should BC Gooden consider as wrong?
A) The first due BC must establish the ICP in proximity to the front of the building, but outside of the collapse zone.
B) If a tower ladder is not assigned on the initial response and it’s use is anticipated, special call one. A properly positioned tower ladder can cover a building with a frontage of 100 feet.
C) When heavy caliber streams are to be used, units already committed should be withdrawn to safe positions, before commencing their operation. The withdrawal should be carefully controlled and monitored via Handie talkie.
D) If the building is another type of commercial building, such as a department store and it has a fire command station, the BC should establish the ICP in proximity to the front of the building.
ANSWER: D) If the building is another type of commercial building, such as a department store and it has a fire command station, the BC should establish the ICP in proximity to the front of the building. (INCORRECT)
(Taxpayers 5.7.2, 5.7.5, 5.7.6, 5.8.2, 5.8.3)
*If fire command station is present establish ICP there. If there is not a fire command station or the location of the fire command station makes it unsuitable for use the ICP should be outside the building close enough for good communications but far enough away for a proper size up. (Other commercial fires)
