FFP - VENTILATION Flashcards
The traditional fire development curve includes each of the below stages except?
A) Incipient
B) Early Decay
C) Growth
D) Full developed
ANSWER: B) Early Decay
Traditional Fire Development Curve
Incipient / Growth / Full Developed / Decay
(FFP - Ventilation 2.4.5)
What is the second stage of the traditional fire development curve?
A) Fully Developed
B) Decay
C) Growth
D) Incipient
ANSWER: C) Growth
(Ventilation 2.4.5)
MODERN FIRE BEHAVIOR CURVE Incipient Rapid Growth Limited Decay stage Rapid Second Growth stage
- This may be followed by a ventilation-induced flashover and transition into the Fully Developed stage.
- It ends in a Second Decay stage as the fuel load is depleted or the fire is extinguished.
During size-up, which observed ventilation profile would be LEAST likely to indicate a wind impacted fire condition?
A) Fire and smoke venting horizontally
B) Fire and smoke venting outwards and upwards
C) Fire and smoke pulsing from an opening
D) Fire and smoke venting downward
ANSWER: B) Fire and smoke venting outwards and upwards.
- Fire and smoke should be venting outwards and upwards. If the smoke and fire are venting downward, horizontally or pulsing from an opening in the building, this indicates the fire conditions may be wind impacted.
(Vent 4.1)
What is the definition of the early stage of fire development where the fire’s progression is limited to a fuel source and the thermal hazard is localized to the area of the burning material?
A) Incipient Stage
B) Growth Stage
C) Decay Stage
D) Fully Developed Stage
ANSWER: A) Incipient Stage
Vent Glossary - Incipient Stage
All members should be aware of proper ventilation procedures. Which choice below is correct regarding backdrafts?
A) Backdrafts will always occur in proximity to the main body of fire and require a sudden change in ventilation. Backdrafts can cause significant structural damage and potential collapse.
B) Generally, backdrafts will occur in proximity to the main body of fire and require a sudden change in ventilation. Backdrafts can cause significant structural damage and potential collapse.
C) Backdrafts will always occur remote from the main body of fire and require a sudden change in ventilation. Backdrafts can cause significant structural damage and potential collapse. apartment.
D) Generally, backdrafts will occur remote from the main body of fire and require a sudden change in ventilation. Backdrafts can cause significant structural damage and potential collapse.
ANSWER: B) Generally, backdrafts will occur in proximity to the main body of fire and require a sudden change in ventilation. Backdrafts can cause significant structural damage and potential collapse.
(Vent Glossary - Backdrafts)
All Fire Department members should be familiar with the definition of a “known life hazard” A known life hazard can be defined in each of the following choices except?
A) A victim can be seen by the rescuer.
B) A victim can be heard by the rescuer.
C) A member has information from any source indicating the location of the life hazard.
D) A member has information from a person at the scene indicating the location of the life hazard.
ANSWER: C) A member has information from any source indicating the location of the life hazard. (INCORRECT)
(Vent 12.3.1)
- A member has information from a CREDIBLE source indicating the location of the life hazard.
According to the new Ventilation Bulletin, what is a “ventilation-limited fire?”
A) A fire in which the heat release rate and fire growth are regulated by the available oxygen within the space.
B: The transformation of materials into their basic compound when subjected to heat. Contents will continue to off-gas and add to the flammable fuel load within the compartment as long as the material is subjected to elevated temperatures.
C: The appearance of the fire building’s ventilation points showing the flow paths of heat and smoke out of the structure as well as any air movement into the structure.
D: A fire in which the heat release rate and fire growth are regulated by the available fuel within the space.
ANSWER: A) A fire in which the heat release rate and fire growth are regulated by the available oxygen within the space.
(Ventilation Glossary)
B - This is “Pyrolysis’”
C - This is the “Ventilation Profile.”
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the Modern Fire Behavior Curve?
A) A slow Growth stage that consumes the available oxygen very quickly.
B) A rapid Growth stage that consumes the available oxygen very quickly.
C) A slow Growth stage that consumes the available oxygen very slowly.
D) A rapid Growth stage that consumes the available oxygen very slowly.
ANSWER: B) A rapid Growth stage that consumes the available oxygen very quickly.
(Ventilation sec 2.4.6)
What term describes the transformation of materials into their basic compound when subjected to heat?
A) Pyrolysis
B) Tenability
C) Heat Release Rate
D) Ventilation Profile
ANSWER: A) Pyrolysis
(Vent Glossary - Pyrolysis)
- With pyrolysis, contents will continue to off-gas and add to the flammable fuel load within the compartment as long as the material is subjected to elevated temperatures.
B - TENABILITY - An assessment on whether units can operate within the fire area based on the conditions encountered and the impact of these conditions to potential victims and members.
C - HEAT RELEASE RATE - The rate at which energy is generated by the burning of a fuel and oxygen mixture. As the heat release rate increases, the heat, smoke production and pressure within the area will increase and spread along available flow paths toward low pressure areas (open doors, windows and roof openings).
D - VENTILATION PROFILE - The appearance of the fire building’s ventilation points showing the flow paths of heat and smoke out of the structure as well as any air movement into the structure.
“Venting for Search” is often required at fire operations. Of the following choices, which is incorrect regarding this procedure?
A) Prior to venting a window for access, the member must determine if the ventilation profile indicates that the area may be tenable for search and does not pose a high risk to the member.
B) Once a decision has been made and approval has been granted to enter, the member should clear out the window for access and be cognizant that a new flow path has been created.
C) Upon completion of clearing the window and before entering, reassess the smoke and heat conditions to determine if the area is tenable. If conditions now prevent access, immediately notify the Ladder Company Officer of this situation.
D) After venting and entering, the priority action for the member is to conduct an immediate search of the area for victims.
ANSWER: D) After venting and entering, the priority action for the member is to conduct an immediate search of the area for victims.
(Vent 12.6)
- After venting and entering, the priority action for the member is to ISOLATE the area by closing a door BEFORE conducting the search (VEIS).
- By isolating the area the conditions in the room should improve as the closed door will stop the flow of fire conditions and the window will provide an exhaust vent allowing a safer and more effective search.
- A Note: Members should also consider other factors, such as wind conditions, potential for auto-exposure and if there is a life hazard above your position.
- C Note: If conditions are tenable, the member should reach in and probe the immediate area for potential victims.
When it comes to “modern content” fires, fires start off as incipient, and then transition to the ventilation limited phase. According to the development curve for modern content fires, what would be the next stage if no additional oxygen is admitted?
A) Ventilation induced flashover
B) Early decay
C) A more rapid and intense second growth
D) 2nd decay stage
ANSWER: B) Early decay
(Vent 2.1.6)
MODERN CONTENT FIRE BEHAVIOR
- Incipient
- Ventilation Limited
- Early Decay
- A More Rapid and Intense 2nd Growth (If O2 admitted)
- Ventilation Induced Flashover into Fully Developed
- 2nd Decay Stage
What is the definition of a transition in the development of a compartment fire when surfaces exposed to thermal radiation from fire gases in excess of 1100°F reach ignition temperature more or less simultaneously?
A) Backdraft
B) Flashover
C) Heat Release Rate
D) Rollover
ANSWER: B) Flashover
(Vent Glossary)
- This causes the fire to spread rapidly throughout the space, resulting in fire involvement of the entire compartment or enclosed space.
Any member planning to perform “Ventilation for Search” at a structural fire should comply with each of the following except?
A) Once a decision has been made and approval has been granted to enter, the member should clear out the window for access and, before entering, reassess the smoke and heat conditions to determine if the area is tenable.
B) Upon reassessment after the window is cleared, if conditions now prevent access, immediately notify the Ladder Company Officer of this situation. However, if conditions are tenable, the member should reach in and probe the immediate area for potential victims.
C) After venting and entering, the priority action for the member is to isolate the area by closing a door before conducting the search (VEIS). Then search the room and locate any victim; if a victim is found, immediately transmit a 10-45, include your location and planned exit route.
D) If a victim is found prior to isolating the room, immediately remove the victim to a safe area and then isolate the room before proceeding with the rescue effort.
ANSWER: D) If a victim is found prior to isolating the room, immediately remove the victim to a safe area and then isolate the room before proceeding with the rescue effort. (INCORRECT)
(Vent 12.6)
- If a victim is found prior to isolating the room, the member shall ISOLATE THE ROOM and proceed with the rescue effort.
When a fire is kept ventilation-limited, which stage within the coordinated attack fire behavior curve, is the stage where firefighters can effectively operate and extinguish the fire by denying the fire additional oxygen?
A) Growth Stage
B) Ventilation Limited Stage
C) Early Decay Stage
D) Elongated Decay Stage
ANSWER: D) Elongated Decay Stage
(Ventilation 2.4.7)
The Coordinated Attack Fire Behavior Curve- differs from the Modern Fire Behavior Curves as follows:
- The fire will behave in the same way up until the Early Decay stage.
- If there is no additional oxygen admitted to the heated atmosphere, the fire will stay in an
Elongated Decay stage. - An Elongated Decay stage where the fire is kept ventilation-limited is the stage where firefighters can effectively operate and extinguish the fire by denying the fire additional oxygen, thereby limiting fire growth and smoke production.
All of the following fire dynamic concepts regarding fire development are correct with the exception of which choice?
A) Modern content fires are largely comprised of hydrocarbons and synthetics which rapidly consume the available oxygen in the air as they burn at a greater rate than legacy content fires.
B) Modern content fires quickly become ventilation limited fires due to their higher fuel load. An additional contributing factor is the energy efficient construction of buildings, which limit the amount of available oxygen within the fire area.
C) Modern content fires enter a delayed decay stage due to the prevalence of synthetic materials, producing heavy smoke and varying heat conditions.
D) The needed oxygen to support rapid fire expansion can be provided by improper ventilation tactics or if the windows fail. If indications of an early decay stage exist upon arrival, uncontrolled and/or uncoordinated ventilation can have tragic implications for both civilians and operating members.
ANSWER: C) Modern content fires enter a delayed decay stage due to the prevalence of synthetic materials, producing heavy smoke and varying heat conditions. (INCORRECT)
(Vent 2.1)
- Modern content fires enter an EARLY decay stage due to the LIMITED AVAILABLE OXYGEN, producing heavy smoke and varying heat conditions.
Rollover is an indicator that fire conditions are rapidly changing. When rollover is observed and members are not operating under the protection of a charged hoseline, they shall immediately leave and isolate the fire area. You would be correct to state that roll over occurs during which stage of the fire?
A) Incipient
B) Growth
C) Fully developed
D) Decay
ANSWER: B) Growth
Ventilation Glossary
According to the newly issued, “Firefighting Procedures: Ventilation” bulletin, the “Coordinated Attack Fire Behavior Curve” differs from the Modern Fire Behavior Curve in a number of ways. In which choice below is the information incorrect regarding the Coordinated Attack Fire Behavior Curve?
A) The fire will behave in the same way up until the Early Decay stage.
B) If there is no additional oxygen admitted to the heated atmosphere, the fire will rapidly progress to the Fully Developed stage.
C) An Elongated Decay stage where the fire is kept ventilation-limited is the stage where firefighters can effectively operate and extinguish the fire by denying the fire additional oxygen, thereby limiting fire growth and smoke production.
D) The Elongated Decay stage is maintained by firefighters by coordinating ventilation with the application of water on the fire. By controlling, communicating and coordinating the fire attack, ventilation will occur, increasing the fire growth momentarily, which will be followed by suppression and extinguishment.
ANSWER: B) If there is no additional oxygen admitted to the heated atmosphere, the fire will rapidly progress to the Fully Developed stage. (INCORRECT)
(Vent 2.4.7)
- If there is no additional oxygen admitted to the heated atmosphere, the fire will STAY in an Elongated Decay stage.
Which of the following is an accurate description of backdrafts?
A) Generally, backdrafts will occur away from the main body of fire and require a sudden change in ventilation.
B) Generally, backdrafts will occur in proximity to the main body of fire and require a sudden change in ventilation.
C) Generally, backdrafts will occur away from the main body of fire and do not require a sudden change in ventilation.
D) Generally, backdrafts will occur in proximity to the main body of fire and do not require a sudden change in ventilation.
A,B,C,D-Glossary pg. i
ANSWER: B) Generally, backdrafts will occur in proximity to the main body of fire and require a sudden change in ventilation.
(Firefighting Procedures Vol 1, Book 10, Ventilation)
FF Brittle was reviewing ventilation for extinguishment with a newly assigned proby. He was only correct in which one point below?
A) This tactic requires venting the windows of the entire fire area while the engine company is extinguishing the fire.
B) When the member on the exterior hears the engine officer tell the IC that they have water on the main body of fire, he should immediately begin ventilation for extinguishment.
C) The horizontal ventilation for extinguishment tactic applies to all windows in the entire fire area and any members venting windows on the fire floor.
D) Upon hearing that water is being applied to the main body of fire, the member operating on the exterior prepared to conduct ventilation for extinguishment.
ANSWER: D) Upon hearing that water is being applied to the main body of fire, the member operating on the exterior prepared to conduct ventilation for extinguishment.
(Firefighting Procedures Vol 1, Book 10, Ventilation)
A - Windows of the IMMEDIATE fire area.
B - He should prepare to vent, before venting he must communicate with ladder officer inside the fire area to be vented.
C - only applies to windows in the IMMEDIATE fire area, and only for the member venting the IMMEDIATE fire area.
D - RECENT CHANGE, instead of water being applied to main body it used to say knocking down visible fire
Capt. Breezy made the following statements about the FDNY’s Ventilation bulletin. In which one point was he least correct?
A) Members encountering rollover conditions must immediately open the hoseline to cool the environment or exit the area.
B) The neutral plane is unpredictable, and cannot be used to indicate the stage of the fire.
C) Changes of ventilation profile indicators must be communicated via handie-talkie to the ladder co. Officer operating in the fire area.
D) Changes of ventilation profile indicators must be communicated via handie-talkie to the IC.
ANSWER: B) The neutral plane is unpredictable, and cannot be used to indicate the stage of the fire. (INCORRECT)
(Firefighting Procedures Vol 1, Book 10, Ventilation)
- It CAN BE an indicator of the stage of the fire, it will drop towards the floor as the fire grows in intensity.
Which one of the following descriptions of smoke explosions is least accurate?
A) They may not necessarily be a high heat condition.
B) They tend to initiate in a void space between floors or in a remote portion of the cockloft.
C) The expanding gasses may be ignited either internally or externally.
D) Typically, a light smoke condition may be present in the compartment above the void space prior to the smoke explosion.
ANSWER: D) Typically, a light smoke condition may be present in the compartment above the void space prior to the smoke explosion. (INCORRECT)
(Firefighting Procedures Vol 1, Book 10, Ventilation)
- Light smoke condition may be present in the compartment BELOW the void space prior to the smoke explosion.
