EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Flashcards
Regarding the properties and characteristics of natural gas, it would be correct to state that?
A) It is classified as a “combustible gas”
B) Depending on the mixture, the explosive range is 5% to 25%.
C) It is colorless and odorless, however mercaptan is added to give it an “egg” smell.
D) It is slighlty heavier than air.
E) When natural gas ignites, it undergoes a rapid increase in volume. If confined, the pressure due to this volume change will create an explosive force.
ANSWER: E) When natural gas ignites, it undergoes a rapid increase in volume. If confined, the pressure due to this volume change will create an explosive force.
A - Classified as a FLAMMABLE GAS
B - Explosive range is 5% to FIFTEEN (15%)
C - Mercaptan gives it a ROTTING smell (bulletin used to say “rotten egg” smell)
D - SIGNIFICANTLY LIGHTER than air.
(EP Natural Gas - 3)
Regarding the gas system infrastructure, it is incorrect to state that?
A) Gate stations have remote monitoring, but generally have no permanent on-site personnel.
B) An incident at a gate station should be treated as an industrial facility emergency limiting actions to life saving and protecting exposures until consulatation with the Utility Company.
C) Gas is routed via high, medium, and low pressure distribution main. Only high pressure mains have control valves, generally found near street corners.
D) High pressure mains are made of steel. Medium and low pressure mains are made of steel, plastic or if older, cast iron.
ANSWER: C) Gas is routed via high, medium, and low pressure distribution main. Only high pressure mains have control valves, generally found near street corners. (INCORRECT).
- BOTH MEDIUM and HIGH pressure mains have control valves.
(EP - Natural Gas - 4.1)
You are a company officer operating at a major gas emergency where the IC has ordered you to locate the nearest gas main valve cover so that Con Ed can shut down the main if necessary. You should know that Con Ed gas main valve covers have ID numbers located where?
A) Stamped on the south side of the collar, underneath the cover.
B) Stamped on the north side of the collar, underneath the cover.
C) On tags inside of the valve cover.
D) On tags outside of the valve cover.
ANSWER: C) On tags inside of the valve cover.
- National grid ID numbers are located on the north side of the collar, underneath the cover.
(EP - Natural gas - 4.3 pg 8)
A Lieutenant conducting drill on natural gas valves was incorrect to state that curb valves / service valves?
A) Shut the gas supply to an entire building.
B) Are usually found on the street side of the curb.
C) Are usually recessed in from the curb and are covered with a 4” x 4” square or round brittle concrete or steel cover which may be sitting on top of a plastic or wooden plate.
D) Found on National Grid “Long Service” system are sometimes located across the street from the building they supply and may also be found in the street. An arrow cast into the cover will point to the building it supplies.
ANSWER: B) Are usuually found on the street side of the curb. (INCORRECT)
- Found on the SIDEWALK side of the curb.
(EP - Natural Gas 4.4)
A company officer operating at a gas leak in the cellar of an MD sees the letters “NC” and “EFV” stamped on a tag near the service meter. He should know that this indicates which of the following?
- “NC” indicates there is “no cover” over the curb valve
- “EFV” indicates there is an “excess flow valve” in the line on the service pipe.
A) 1 only B) 2 only C) 1 & 2 D) Neither
ANSWER: B) 2 only
1 - “NC” indicates there is NO CURB VALVE
(EP - Natural Gas - 4.4.2)
There are various valves, regulators and vents to control the supply of gas to occupanices. Which point below is incorrect concerning these devices?
A) Exterior gas service valves control the supply of gas meters installed on the outside of buildings. If an exterior gas service valve is present, no curb valve / service valve is required.
B) Head of service valves control the supply of gas to meters installed on the inside of buildings.
C) Service regulators are usually located before the gas meter on medium and high pressure systems to reduce the gas to low pressure.
D) Peck vents are installed on medium or high pressure systems to vent excess gas if a service regulator fails.
E) Peck vents may have a blue cap and normally have an odor of natural gas at the peck vent.
ANSWER: E) Peck vents may have a blue cap and normally have an odor of natural gas at the peck vent. (INCORRECT)
- Peck vents have a RED CAP
- Normally have NO ODOR of gas at peck vent
(EP - Natural Gas - 4.4.2)
Gas meters can supply individual occupancies or an entire building. An officer conducting drill on gas meters was incorrect when he stated?
A) Before the meter there should be a 1/4 turn meter valve that controls the supply of gas to the meter.
B) Shutting a master meter shuts gas to an entire building, including all occupancies in that building. If there are two master meters, the valve to only one meter needs to be closed to shut supply to the entire building.
C) Interior riser valves may exist that come off a master meter, typically near the ceiling. They may be used to isolate only a section of the building.
D) All natural gas appliances should have a 1/4 turn valve.
ANSWER: B) Shutting a master meter shuts gas to an entire building, including all occupancies in that building. If there are two master meters, the valve to only one meter needs to be closed to shut supply to the entire building. (INCORRECT)
- If there are 2 master meters SHUT VALVE TO BOTH METERS.
- The purpose of a double meter is to be able to shut down one in case it needs to be repaired without shutting off gas supply to the entire building.
(EP - Natural gas - 4.4.3)
First alarm units arrive at the scene of a reported gas leak in a 4 story OLT. Which THREE (3) of the following conditions would be indicative of a major gas emergency?
A) Any damage, from small to serious, to a major component like a master meter, gas service pipe, main valve or distribution main.
B) 10% LEL or greater detected outside or inside a building.
C) 15% LEL or greater detected in an invented subsurface structure (manholes, sewers ….)
D) Gas present in one or more subsurface structures (manholes or sewers)
E) Indications of gas migrating into a building from an outside source.
F) Gas leaking inside of a structure and the controlling valve cannot be found or is inoperable.
G) Gas leaking or present inside of a large open area.
ANSWER: B,E,F are CORRECT / A,C,D,G INCORRECT
A - SERIOUS DAMAGE
C - TWENTY (20%) LEL in unvented substructure
D - Gas present in TWO or more subsurface structures
G - Gas leaking or present inside a WALL or VOID.
7 Indicators of Major Gas Emergencies “10-20 VOIDS”
10% LEL or greater - Inside or Outside
20% LEL - elevated readings in an unvented subsurface
V - Gas leaking inside of a VOID or wall
O - Gas migrating into building from OUTSIDE source
I - Gas leaking inside structure and control valves INOPERABLE or cannot be located.
D - SERIOUS DAMAGE (not any damage) to a major component of gas infrastructure (master meter , main valve etc.)
S - Gas present in TWO or more SUBSURFACE structures.
(EP - Natural Gas - Section 5)
Highly probable test question
Units operating at a gas emergency would be incorrect to perform which tactic?
A) If any natural gas is found on the Natural Gas Meter upon entering a building, or while proceeding to the reported location within a building, the first ladder inside team should proceed directly to the basement / cellar to evaluate conditions.
B) The 1st Ladder outside team should proceed to the natural gas utility meter location, which may be in the basement / cellar or exterior of the building.
C) The 1st Engine Officer should proceed to the reported location or caller when arriving at gas emergency only if arriving before the ladder company. Remaining engine members should prepare to stretch a line, positioned outside of the potential blast zone.
D) Apparatus should not be positioned in front of the reported leak location. Avoid positioning over manholes and sewers. Additional units shall stage at street corners and only enter the block when appropriate.
E) The 1st priority at these responses is to locate and mitigate the gas leak.
ANSWER: E) The 1st priority at these responses is to locate and mitigate the gas leak. (INCORRECT)
- The 1st priority is to determine IF THIS IS A MAJOR GAS EMERGENCY or not.
- The 2nd priority is to locate and mitigate the leak.
(EP - Natural Gas - 6.5)
Regarding the use of gas detectors and gas meters, it would be incorrect to state that?
A) The natural gas detector is used to determine the location of the leak. It is the superior tool for locating leaks in appliances, supply piping, and points of entry.
B) The natural gas meter is used to determine the amount of gas present in an area by visibly displaying the level of gas in % LEL. It is the superior tool for identifying areas where it is no longer safe to operate.
C) Natural gas detectors and meters require warm up times in fresh air. It is good practice to power on these devices before arrival on scene.
D) When using meters to investigate gas emergencies, the best practice is to measure readings at a location high upon entry of the room of the suspected leak and report that % LEL to the IC.
ANSWER: D) When using meters to investigate gas emergencies, the best practice is to measure readings at a location high upon entry of the room of the suspected leak and report that % LEL to the IC. (INCORRECT)
- Measure HIGH AND IN THE MIDDLE OF THE ROOM of the suspected leak and report this % LEL to IC.
(EP - Natural Gas - 6.4)
When mitigating a gas leak, members would be incorrect to think?
A) Ignition sources near the leak may be removed by utilizing a remote shutoff; this should only be done outside of the area that is within the explosive range.
B) Leaks should be controlled by shutting the closest valve that controls supply.
C) A leak or break in low or medium pressure gas piping may be stopped or greatly diminished by taping or stuffing putty, rags, paper, etc.
D) Leaking plastic pipe found outside should not be touched, folded, or approached
ANSWER: C) A leak or break in low or medium pressure gas piping may be stopped or greatly diminished by taping or stuffing putty, rags, paper, etc. (INOCRRECT)
- A leak in LOW PRESSURE piping only may be stopped or diminished by stuffing putty, rags, paper etc.
(EP - Natural Gas - 6.7)
The priority order of valve closure in the Natural Gas bulletin is appliance vavle followed by which of the following choices?
A) Master meter valve, interior gas riser valve, individual meter valve, head of service valve, curb valve.
B) Interior gas riser valve, individual meter valve, master meter valve, curb valve, head of service valve.
C) Interior gas riser valve, master meter valve, individual meter valve, head of service valve, curb valve.
D) Interior gas riser valve, individual meter valve, master meter valve, head of service valve, curb valve.
ANSWER: D) Interior gas riser valve, individual meter valve, master meter valve, head of service valve, curb valve.
(EP - Natural Gas - pg 22 to 24)
Order of valve closure
- Appliance valve
- Interior gas riser
- Individual meter
- Master meter
- Head of service
- Curb
You are a company officer operating at an incident where there is a major gas leak in a multiple dwelling that cannot be controlled from any valves inside the building. In this situation you would be incorrect to think that?
A) FDNY members are authorized to shut curb valves / service valves, but this should only be done as a last resort and in consultation with the utility company.
B) Curb valves / service valves may be covered with concrete or grass and may not be visible.
C) White curb valves indicate plastic valves that are easily broken with excess force. A white plastic insert is required for both National Grid and Con Edison plastic valves.
D) The FDNY is not permitted to shut a Main valve.
ANSWER: C) White curb valves indicate plastic valves that are easily broken with excess force. A white plastic insert is required for both National Grid and Con Edison plastic valves. (INCORRECT)
- White plastic insert required for NATIONAL GRID only (not Con Ed)
(EP - Natural Gas - pg 24)
Which of the following FDNY isued powered equipment are considered instrinsically safe? (More than one correct)
A) Handie-talkies
B) Natural gas detectors
C) Natural gas meters
D) FDNY issued flashlights
E) Thermal Imaging Cameras
F) Ventilation Fans
ANSWER: A) Handie-talkies / B) Natural gas detectors / C) Natural gas meters / D) FDNY issued flashlights (ALL INTRINSICALLY SAFE)
- Thermal Imaging Camera NOT intinsically safe
- Ventilation fans NOT intrinsically safe
(EP - Natural Gas - 9.1.2)
You are a company officer that has arrived at the scene of a reported odor of gas. On arrival, you determine there are serious indications of a major gas emergency for a leak inside of an OLT. The leak has been found and can be controlled by a valve. In this situation you should be guided by all of the following except which?
A) You should transmit a 10-75 and a 10-80 No Code, specifying a major gas emergency.
B) If gas levels can be kept to less than 80% LEL by venitng, you may continue to operate.
C) If gas levels can be kept to less than 80% LEL, you my remove ignition sources only if this can be done from an area not within the explosive range.
D) If any readings display levels of 80% LEL or greater, the opportunity to cut power has expired.
E) If at any time the gas levels reach 80% LEL or higher, treat the efefcted area as a “potential blast zone”
ANSWER: A) You should transmit a 10-75 and a 10-80 No Code, specifying a major gas emergency. (INCORRECT)
- 10-75 and a 10-80 CODE 1
- Give a 10-80 Code 1 for MAJOR GAS EMERGENCY / CHEMICAL SUICIDES and HAZMAT EMERGENCY STORAGE SYSTEMS.
(EP - Natural Gas - 7.3)
Which of the following are considered potential blast zones in regards to major gas emergencies?
- When a leak is found - and gas levels reach 20% of the LEL or higher.
- When it is suspected that gas has been leaking for a considerable amount of time and is likely trapped in a void space.
- When a leak is not found - and levels cannot be limited to less than 10% LEL by venting, and there are indications that the leak is coming from an outside, subsurface source.
A) 1,2 B) 2,3 C) 1,3 D) 1,2,3
ANSWER: B) 2,3
1 - When a leak is found and gas levels reach EIGHTY (80%) of LEL or higher.
Potential Blast Zones
- Gas reaches levels of 80% LEL or higher
- Gas leaking for considerable amount of time in void
- Leak NOT found / levels cannot be limited to 10% LEL by venting and there are indications that leak is coming from an outside, subsurface source.
(EP - Natural Gas - pg 32)
Engine 100 & Ladder 99 have arrived at the scene of a major gas emergency for a leak inside of a multiple dwelling where the IC has decided there is an explosive environment and established a potential blast zone. Ladder 99 is instructed to perform rapid evacuation tactics in the potential blast zone. In this situation, Ladder 99 should be guided by which one tactic?
A) Evacuation should be via an available stairway. No elevator in any building shall ever be used because elevators create static electric arcs when activated by a call button or signaled to move.
B) Members shall alert occupants to self evacuate by knocking on doors and moving from door to door. Assistance can be provided to people with special needs or thos requiring assistance.
C) Forcible entry should only be accomplished for suspected life hazards.
D) When forcing entry, use the adz end of the halligan to gap and force the door and / or use conventional forcible entry.
ANSWER: B) Members shall alert occupants to self evacuate by knocking on doors and moving from door to door. Assistance can be provided to people with special needs or thos requiring assistance.
A - CAN USE elevators in some cases if taking the stairs is impractical (High Rise Upper Floors)
C - Forcible entry for KNOWN LIFE HAZARDS
D - Use adz to gap and force OR USE HYDRA RAM.
(EP - Natural Gas - 9.1.3)
Engine 100 and Ladder 99 have arrived at the scene of a major gas emergency for a leak inside of a multiple dwelling where the IC has decided there is an explosive environment and established a potential blast zone. Regarding the water supply and line placement considerations, E-100 would be correct to think?
A) 1 3/4”, 2 1/2” or large caliber streams are all appropriate for defensive positions.
B) All members, apparatus, appliances and hose should be positioned inside of the potential blast zone.
C) Fog streams should be used to help dissipate natural gas venting outside of the structure.
D) A charged fog hoseline may be used to protect utility workers plugging or squeezing a gas pipe under pressure to stop a leak.
ANSWER: D) A charged fog hoseline may be used to protect utility workers plugging or squeezing a gas pipe under pressure to stop a leak.
A - 1 3/4” line IS NOT APPROPRIATE for defensive pos.
B - Everyone should be OUTSIDE of blast zone
C - Fog streams SHOULD NOT be used to help gas venting OUTSIDE of a structure.
Engine 100 & Ladder 99 have arrived at the scene of a major gas emergency for a leak inside of a multiple dwelling where the IC has decided there is an explosive environment and established a potential blast zone. Which point below concerning operations in the potential blast zone is not accurate?
A) The potential blast zone should be identified by “DANGER DO NOT ENTER” tape.
B) The potential blast zone should only be entered for direct, life saving purposes.
C) Certain areas may be considered safe in the potential blast zone if they are too rich to burn.
D) Venting windows and doors as they are passed is permissible in the potential blast zone by rapid evacuation teams if doing so will not delay evacuation.
ANSWER: C) Certain areas may be considered safe in the potential blast zone if they are too rich to burn. (INCORRECT)
- NO AREA may be considered safe in the P.B.Z.
(EP -Natural gas - 9.2.4)
In regards to pulling manhole covers to naturally ventilate subsurface structures, it is correct for members to think?
A) Sewer manhole covers may be removed by FDNY personnel only if approved by both an on scene utility worker and a Chief Officer.
B) Electric manhole covers can be removed by FDNY personnel if requested by an on scene utility company worker, approved by a Chief Officer and the cover has been determined to be free of stray voltage.
C) Only round or square electric manhole covers may be pulled by FDNY personnel
D) Do not pull any electric manhole covers if there is a manhole fire in the area, or smoking or arcing is observed in an electric manhole or transformer vault.
ANSWER: D) Do not pull any electric manhole covers if there is a manhole fire in the area, or smoking or arcing is observed in an electric manhole or transformer vault.
A - Sewer manhole covers (Can be removed by FDNY with CHIEF APPROVAL)
B - Electric manhole covers can be removed by FDNY if requested by utility worker / approved by a Chief and been determined free of stray voltage by an UTILITY COMPANY REPRESENTATIVE.
C - ONLY ROUND manhole covers can be pulled by FDNY.
(EP - Natural Gas - 9.2.4)
Steam piping runs under streets and sidewalks with manholes providing access to the underground steam system. Regarding the delivery of steam, it would be incorrect to state that?
A) Concrete slabs typically cover steam vaults with access manholes placed in pairs.
B) Steam is invisible; the white mist seen is the condensate that forms when steam cools.
C) Steam pressures in generating plants can be as high as 2000 psi with temperatures reaching 900 degrees F.
D) Steam pressures in buried supply piping and in supplied buildings can be as high as 350 psi with temperatures reaching 170 degrees F.
ANSWER: D) Steam pressures in buried supply piping and in supplied buildings can be as high as 350 psi with temperatures reaching 170 degrees F. (INCORRECT)
- Steam pressures in buried supply piping and in supplied buildings can be as high as ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY (170) psi with temperatures reaching THREE HUNDRED AND FIFTY (350) degrees F.
(EP - Steam - 1.1)
Water slugs formed in steam piping can be pushed at speeds as high as 200 mph. If the slug encounters a bend in the piping, it can cause a steam pipe rupture. Con Ed refers to steam pipe ruptures as a HELB (High Emergency Line Break). Regarding the possibility of asbestos releaase at a HELB, members should know that asbestos has been removed from which of the following?
A) Steam manholes
B) Generating plants
C) Undergroundpipes buried in the street.
D) Buildings supplied with steam.
ANSWER: A) Steam manholes
EP - Steam - 4.1
Members encountering a High Energy Line Break at a generating plant would be correct to think that?
A) FDNY members should be tasked with mitigating the emergency.
B) FDNY members should only enter the plant to perform mitigation.
C) If FDNY members enter the plant, they should stay close to the White Hat.
D) Members may never enter a Con Ed generating plant without Con Ed personnel.
ANSWER: D) Members may never enter a Con Ed generating plant without Con Ed personnel.
A - Only PLANT PERSONNEL will mitigate the emergency
B - FDNY only enters plant for SEARCH & RESCUE (escorted by plant personnel)
C - If FDNY members enter the plant they should stay close to the ESCORT.
(EP - Steam - 4.1)
Members respond to a report of a steam condition in the street in Midtown Manhattan and find a vent pipe over a steam manhole directing steam over the roadway. Members notice that there is a blue stripe on the top on the vent pipe. In this situation, members should know it is the most correct to think this indicates the steam as a result of a?
A) Leaking steam main
B) Water leak from a sewer, water main, or heavy rain contacting the steam pipe.
C) HELB
D) Possible asbestos issue
ANSWER: B) Water leak from a sewer, water main, or heavy rain contacting the steam pipe.
(EP - Steam - 4.3)
You are the 1st due Ladder Officer at an alarm where a high pressure steam riser has ruptured inside of a MD. On your arrival, conditions are severe and you order your outside team to attempt to shut down the steam supply, as Con Ed will be delayed to the scene. In this situation, they would be correct to shut which valve(s) listed below?
A) Only the Outside Service Vavle
B) Only the Inside Service Valve
C) Either the Inside or Outside Service Valve
D) Both the Outside Service Valve and the Inside Service Valve.
ANSWER: B) Only the Inside Service Valve
In an emergency, members may shut the Inside Service Valve. It will be labeled and sealed. IF POSSIBLE, wait for Con Ed steam personnel to shut the necessary
valves.
(EP - Steam 4.4)
The MSA Altair Digital Gas Meter is a relatively new tool utilized by FDNY units. Which of the following points about the Altair meter are correct?
- The Altair meter has been issued to all Engine & Ladder companies to increase operational effectiveness in dealing with incidents involving natural gas.
- The Altair meter is equipped with two sensors, one for combustible gases and the other for oxygen.
- The meter is capable of detecting other combustible gases and may be used to detect gases other than natural gas when required.
- Before turning the meter on, the member must be in an area free of contamination.
- When the meter has powered on it will run through a self check which takes approximately 40 seconds.
- During the self check, if the meter displays “FAS” on the screen this indicates that the meter has malfunctioned and must be placed OOS at the conclusion of the operation.
A) 1,2,3,4,5,6
B) 1,2,5,6
C) 1,2,5
D) 1,2,4,5
ANSWER: D) 1,2,4,5 (Correct)
- 3 and 6 are INCORRECT
3 - Meter SHOULD NOT BE USED to detect any other gases OTHER THAN NATURAL GAS.
6 - One screen will display “FAS” prompting the user to perform a “Fresh Air Setup”. Press the power button again to perform the FAS (ensure the meter is in an area free of contamination). The FAS is used to “zero” the LEL sensor to ambient air. Not performing FAS may affect the accuracy of meter readings.
Note: The FAS can be bypassed by either pressing the reset (right arrow or ^) button or waiting 10 seconds.
(EP - Natural Gas - Addendum 2 2.2)
The Altair alarm will activate at all but which of the following LCD readings?
A) 5.0% LEL
B) 10.0% LEL
C) 19.5% O2 (Oxygen deficient)
D) 23.5% O2 (Oxygen enriched)
ANSWER: A) 5.0% LEL
EP - Natural Gas - Addendum 2 2.5
When the Altair meter is placed OOS the Officer on duty shall:
A) Call the Battalion to have the meter replaced
B) Call the Division to have the meter replaced
C) Send the meter through the bag to HazMat Operations
D) Call HazMat operations directly to have the meter replaced.
ANSWER: D) Call HazMat operations directly to have the meter replaced.
(EP - Natural Gas - Addendum 2 3.1)
While operating as the 1st due Ladder at the scene of a gas leak in the cellar of a MD, your Altair begins to alarm. You notice a series of three “X’s” on the screen. You know all the following statements are true except which choice below?
A) The atmosphere is above 100% LEL
B) This is an extremely dangerous atmosphere that is indicative of a potentially explosive environment.
C) The LEL sensor will no longer read natural gas levels.
D) You may quickly turn the meter off and back on to reset the sensor prior to leaving the cellar.
ANSWER: D) You may quickly turn the meter off and back on to reset the sensor prior to leaving the cellar. (INCORRECT)
- To reset the sensor, the meter must be REMOVED TO FRESH AIR and turned off then turned back on.
(EP - Natural Gas - Addendum 2 4.)
The oxygen sensor was included on the Altair meter since the LEL sensor requires oxygen to function properly. Which of the following statements regarding the oxygen sensor on the Altair meter is incorrect?
A) Upon activation of the oxygen sensor in an oxygen deficient atmopshere, members shall don their SCBA facepiece and notify the IC of abnormal oxygen readings on the Altair meter.
B) Oxygen enriched atmopsheres increase flash points of combustibles and increase the chance of ignition of material not normally thought of as an ignition hazard.
C) A series of three large “+” along the screen under the O2 icon indicates the atmopshere is above 30% oxygen.
D) In oxygen deficient atmopsheres the oxygen is being displaced and the LEL readings may not be accurate.
ANSWER: B) Oxygen enriched atmopsheres increase flash points of combustibles and increase the chance of ignition of material not normally thought of as an ignition hazard. (INCORRECT)
- Oxygen enriched atmospheres DECREASE flash points of combustibles and increases the chance of ignition of material not normally thought of as an ignition hazard.
(EP - Natural Gas - Addendum 2 5.1)
The SENSIT TKX Combustible Gas Detector is a solid-state, combustible detector carried by Battalions, Haz-Mat Company 1, HMTU, Rescue and Ladder Companies. Which of the following points concerning this detector is correct?
A) It provides a “Geiger Counter” like ticking sound that increases in frequency when a gas source as low as 5 ppm of methane is detected.
B) The SENSIT detector will detect carbon monoxide.
C) The Altair meter must be used in conjunction with this detector.
D) The only maintenance a company may perform on the detector is the replacement of the lithium ion battery pack.
ANSWER: C) The Altair meter must be used in conjunction with this detector.
A - Source as low as TWENTY (20) PPM
B - WILL NOT detect CO
D - Replacement of lithium ion battery ONLY DONE BY HAZMAT.
(EP - Natural Gas - Addendum 5 4.0)
The SENSIT detector is one of the tools used most often by company officers. Understanding the proper way to operate this tool is key to operating safely at gas emergencies. Which of the following statements about the operation of the SENSIT detector is incorrect?
A) Turn the tick adjust dial fully clockwise then in a non-contaminated atmopshere, slide the power switch to the “on” position. A red LED light will illuminate.
B) Rotate the tick adjust dial in a clockwise direction until a uniform ticking sound, which indicates a fully warmed up instrument is heard.
C) Approach the area of the suspected leak until the ticking sound begins to increase. When the ticking increases rotate the tick adjust dial counter clockwise to slow the ticking sound and continue to approach the suspected area of the leak.
D) An increase in the ticking sound and flashing of the red LED indicates that you are approaching the leak.
ANSWER: A) Turn the tick adjust dial fully clockwise then in a non-contaminated atmopshere, slide the power switch to the “on” position. A red LED light will illuminate.
- Turn dial fully COUNTER CLOCKWISE then slide power switch on. A GREEN LED light will illuminate.
(EP - Natural Gas - Addendum 5 4.0)
It should be emphasized hat any entry into the water or onto ice must be considered as a last resort. The safety of our members is paramount and members must use extreme caution and good judgement with any ice or water rescue. There will be times when FDNY members should not enter the water. Listed below are some factors that would affect this decision. Which factor is incorrect?
A) Water/Weather Conditions - Factors such as wave height, wind, rip currents or long shore currents, and lightning storms.
B) Location of victim - How far out the victim is and if they can be reached safely (Ice/Water Tether rope is 200’ and surf tether rop is 600’)
C) Night operations - member should not be allowed into the water after dark.
D) Skill level or rescuer - can the rescuer reach the victim under the above circumstances or will the rescuer eventually become a victim?
ANSWER: C) Night operations - member should not be allowed into the water after dark. (INCORRECT)
- Nobody PAST THE LINE OF SIGHT FROM THE SHORE after dark.
(Emergency Procedures - Water Rescue 1 - Section 2)
All members operating at or near a water emergency must wear a PFD. Bunker gear shall only be worn when operating in the immediate vicinity of water/ice operations when absolutely necessary. Members would be correct to know the following point about Bunker Gear and water operations?
A) Bunker gear does not float and will sink instantaneously.
B) Bunker gear floats and will float for less than 1 minute.
C) Bunker gear floats and will float for 1-2 minutes
D) Bunker gear floats and will float for 2-4 minutes
ANSWER: A) Bunker gear does not float and will sink instantaneously.
(EP - Water Rescue 1 - 2.4)
Exposure to cold water can lead to a life threatening medical emergency and immediate interventions must be taken to increase the victim’s chance of survival. After removing a person from cold waters, members of L99 would be correct to take all of the following actions except which one?
A) Remove the victim to a warm shelter to prevent further body cooling.
B) Remove wet clothing and wrap the person in warm blankets.
C) Perform a patient assessment and treat the patient according to CFR protocols
D) Gently massage or rub the victim because the friction created will slowly warm the person.
E) The victim should be transported carefully to avoid heart fibrillation and stress.
ANSWER: D) Gently massage or rub the victim because the friction created will slowly warm the person. (INCORRECT)
- DO NOT massage or rub as this can cause CARDIAC ARREST.
(EP - Water Rescue 1 - 3.5.2)
Cold water victims may appear dead. However, people who have been submerged in cold water for long periods of time have made compete recoveries. Which point about hypothermia listed below is incorrect?
A) The loss of body heat occurs 50 times faster in cold water than in air. Hypothermia (subnormal body temperature) begins when the body’s core (brain, spinal cord, lungs, and vital organs) temperature falls below the level of 92.6 degrees F.
B) Cold water cools the body’s skin and outer tissues very quickly. In approximately 7 to 15 minutes, core body temperature begins to drop significantly, affecting utilization of the arms and legs. Irrational behavior (resisting help) is a good indicator of hypothermia.
C) Early signs of hypothermia begin at approximately 95 degrees causing the body to uncontrollably shiver which is the body’s first reaction to the cold. As the body temperature continues to drop to about 90 degrees the lips turn blue, speech begins to slur, and skin loses color becoming pale.
D) If the body temperature drops below 82 degrees, severe hypothermia sets in and the person loses consciousness. If no intervention is performed the body’s temperature will continue to drop decreasing the heart rate and leading to cardiac arrest and death.
ANSWER: A) The loss of body heat occurs 50 times faster in cold water than in air. Hypothermia (subnormal body temperature) begins when the body’s core (brain, spinal cord, lungs, and vital organs) temperature falls below the level of 92.6 degrees F. (INCORRECT)
- Loss of body heat occurs TWENTY FIVE (25) TIMES faster in cold water than in air.
- Hypothermia occurs when body’s temperature falls BELOW NINETY EIGHT POINT SIX (98.6 degrees)
(EP - Water Rescue 1 - 3.4)
You are a new Officer working a day tour in L99, which is designated as a water rescue company. During roll call FF Johnson tells you that he will have to roof that tour and is also designated as the primary water rescuer. FF Johnson tells you that he can swim, but that FF Smith is a former lifeguard and since he is the OV he is not the primary water rescuer. The senior man, FF Wray tells you that L99’s policy regarding who is the primary water rescuer is predicated on riding position. Whoever is assigned the roof for that tour is then the primary water rescuer. Do you agree or disagree with this company policy?
A) Agree
B) Disagree
ANSWER: B) Disagree
- FDNY members comfortable in the water, such as former life guards or trained scuba divers, would be the logical choice to select.
- It would not be a good practice to assign your primary water rescuer as a riding position, e.g. nozzle firefighter is always the primary rescuer.
- This member may not feel comfortable in the water and you may have someone with more training and water experience that would be better suited for that assignment.
(EP -Water Rescue 2 - 2.1)
Inflatable water rescue hose may be used during water rescue incidents involving one or more conscious victims. Every company, including Battalions, carries the yellow water rescue fittings. Which point about this equipment and procedure is not entirely correct?
A) When using the inflatable hose, members shall deploy the required lengths of hose near the point of operation, attach the water rescue fittings, and ensure that all connections are spanner tight prior to filling with air.
B) The hose can be filled with air using a SCBA or FAST-PAK. Members shall inflate the hose until it is completely filled and possesses rigidity similar to a charged hoseline.
C) One 45 minute cylinder can fill five lengths of 2 1/2” hose in approximately 1 minute. The apparatus air outlet can also be used to fill hose and will fill five lengths of hose in approximately 1 minute.
D) Inflatable water rescue hose can only be deployed in a loop. When deployed in a loop it increases buoyancy and can be used for multiple victims with each looped length of hose capable of supporting approximately 5 people. Not more than 2 lengths of hose can be used at one time.
ANSWER: D) Inflatable water rescue hose can only be deployed in a loop. When deployed in a loop it increases buoyancy and can be used for multiple victims with each looped length of hose capable of supporting approximately 5 people. Not more than 2 lengths of hose can be used at one time. (INCORRECT)
- Can be deployed in a LOOP OR STRAIGHT.
- Each loop can support TEN (10) PEOPLE
- Each straight hose can support A FEW people
- CAN USE MORE THAN TWO for larger operations.
(EP -Water Rescue 2 - Addendum 1)
Members of L99 were discussing operations when they are assigned as a water safety unit. During the drill each member of L99 made a point. Which point is incorrect?
A) The Officer usually assumes the Rescue Coordinator position and shall be located where they can observe and direct the whole operation.
B) In a 4 FF Engine, the Officer will also assume the responsibility of the Spotter until an additional unit arrives. The Spotter assumes a position from which they can keep sight of the victim.
C) The “throw” method is used in conjunction with the reach method or when the reach method is not feasible and involves the throw bad and/or the life ring with the attached tether line.
D) Members entering the water shall have their feet protected. Members can leave their shoes on for protection. Bunker gear boots shall not be used for foot protection since they will fill with water and pull the member under water.
ANSWER: D) Members entering the water shall have their feet protected. Members can leave their shoes on for protection. Bunker gear boots shall not be used for foot protection since they will fill with water and pull the member under water. (INCORRECT)
- Bunker boots are ALLOWED without the bunker pants
(EP - Water Rescue 2)
Which of the following points regarding Water Rescue are correct?
Point # 1 - The “GO” method is the last method available to water safety units. It is only under extreme life safety emergencies in which a member of a unit equipped with only a water safety kit shall enter the water. Generally, a water safety unit will not enter the water is a water rescue unit is on scene.
Point #2 - Predetermined hand signals have been established to allow the rescuer and tether to communicate. One hand placed on top of the rescuers head indicates the rescuer is ready to be pulled to shore. One arm waving int he air indicated stop pulling.
A) Both points are incorrect
B) Only 1 point is correct
C) Both points are correct
D) Only point 2 is correct
ANSWER: C) Both points are correct
EP - Water Rescue 2
Water rescue equipment must always be properly maintained to ensure that it is in proper working order. Which point about the maintenance of the water rescue equipment is not entirely correct?
A) In January and July, the suit should be removed from the carrying bag and hung on a broad shouldered hangar for at least 48 hours to allow moisture in the suit to dry out, prevent mildew and help extend the service life of the suit.
B) Before repacking the suit into its carrying bag, the zipper should be treated with grease. Close the zipper and run the grease up and down the inside of the zipper. Open and close the zipper 3 times. Store the suit with the zipper in the closed position.
C) If the suit should become soiled or contaminated with oil, scrub with a mild soap solution (dish soap), rinse with fresh water, and allow drying before repacking. Do not use solvents because they may degrade the suit’s seams and materials.
D) Rinse and air dry all ropes suits and caribineers after each use or drill. All Water/Ice Rescue Equipment shall be inspected during January, April, July, and October. Damaged equipment can be sent to Tech Services through normal RT-2 procedures.
ANSWER: B) Before repacking the suit into its carrying bag, the zipper should be treated with grease. Close the zipper and run the grease up and down the inside of the zipper. Open and close the zipper 3 times. Store the suit with the zipper in the closed position. (INCORRECT)
- Treat zipper with CANDLE WAX.
- Close zipper and run CANDLE WAX up and down the OUTSIDE of the zipper.
- Store suit with zipper in the OPEN position.
(EP - Water Rescue - 8)
1st alarm units arrive on the scene of a reported odor of gas in a 6 story MD. In this situation, which one of the following conditions would be indicative of a major gas emergency?
A) Minor damage to a master meter
B) 8% LEL inside the MD
C) 15% LEL detected in one unvented manhole in the street.
D) 2% gas detected in an invented manhole; and 1% gas detected in an invented sewer 200 feet away from the manhole.
ANSWER: D) 2% gas detected in an invented manhole; and 1% gas detected in an invented sewer 200 feet away from the manhole.
“10-20 VOIDS”
A - SERIOUS damage to a master meter
B - 10% LEL INSIDE OR OUTSIDE
C - 20% LEL in unvented subsurface structure
D - Gas present in two or more subsurface structures (manhole, sewer, etc.)
(EP - Natural Gas - 5)
A Company Officer should know that Con Edison Gas Main valves have ID numbers ________________?
A) On a tag inside of the valve cover
B) On a tag outside of the valve cover
C) Stamped on the North side of the collar, under the cover
D) Stamped on the south side of the cover, on top of the cover
ANSWER: A) On a tag inside of the valve cover
C - Stamped on the North side of the collar, under the cover (NATIONAL GRID)
1st alarm units arrive at an emergency in a building where a high pressure steam riser in the wall of the building has failed and created serious steam conditions. In this situation, members would be correct to think?
A) Steam pipes inside of buildings are typically insulated with asbestos.
B) Members should shut off all of the steam valves inside of the steam control room.
C) In an emergency, members may shut the Outside Service Valve.
D) Steam temperatures in a supplied building can be as high as 900 degrees F.
ANSWER: A) Steam pipes inside of buildings are typically insulated with asbestos.
B - DO NOT start randomly shutting down valves
C - Emergency can cut INSIDE SERVICE VALVE
D - 350 Degrees / 900 degrees for GENERATING PLANTS
(EP - Steam 2.2)
Waterfront and Water Rescue operations may be hazardous for even the most experienced firefighters. All choices below are correct except?
A) At all times, day or night, members should not be allowed past the line of sight from the shore.
B) All members operating at or near a water emergency must wear a PFD. Bunker gear shall only be worn when operating in the immediate vicinity of water/ice operations when absolutely necessary.
C) Bunker gear does not float. Members wearing bunker gear, with or without an SCBA, will sink instantaneously.
D) Entry into the water or onto ice must be considered as a last resort. The safety of members is paramount.
ANSWER: A) At all times, day or night, members should not be allowed past the line of sight from the shore. (INCORRECT)
- NIGHT OPERATIONS - members shall not be allowed past the LOS from the shore.
(EP -Water Rescue 1)
Victims of water/ice rescue operations must be treated with extreme care. Which of the following choices contains incorrect information?
A) Sudden face contact with cold water (below 70 degrees F) initiates a body reflex known as the Mammalian Driving Reflex (MDR).
B) MDR is more pronounced in young people, therefore, they are the best candidates for resuscitation. The colder the water and the younger the victim, the better chance they have of survival.
C) The loss of body heat occurs 25 times faster in cold water than in air. Hypothermia begins when the body’s core temperature falls below the level of 96.6 degrees F.
D) Exposure to cold water necessitates immediate interventions such as removing the victim to a warm shelter, removing wet clothing and wrapping the person in warm blankets, and massaging and rubbing the victim to enhance warming by increasing blood flow.
ANSWER: D) Exposure to cold water necessitates immediate interventions such as removing the victim to a warm shelter, removing wet clothing and wrapping the person in warm blankets, and massaging and rubbing the victim to enhance warming by increasing blood flow. (INCORRECT)
- DO NOT RUB OR MASSAGE as this can lead to cardiac arrest.
(EP - Water Rescue 1 3.3)
The Fire Department has equipped and trained units to properly operate at various types of water and ice emergencies. Which choice below is incorrect?
A) Water “Rescue” Units are specific Engine and Ladder companies trained and equipped for surface Water/Ice rescues. These companies do not search for submerged victims.
B) Water “Safety” Units consist of Engine and Ladder companies, as well as all Battalions. When arriving first, these companies may take action using their Water Safety Kit. Under no conditions shall a member of a Water Safety Unit enter the water.
C) Roll call is the time to determine which member or members will enter the water if the emergency requires. FDNY members comfortable in the water would be the logical choice to select; it is not good practice to assign your primary water rescuer as a riding position.
D) The Water Safety Kit is primarily used for shore-based waterfront operations. Companies with Water Safety Kits can operate from the shore alone as well as assist Water Rescue and SCUBA trained companies when on scene.
ANSWER: B) Water “Safety” Units consist of Engine and Ladder companies, as well as all Battalions. When arriving first, these companies may take action using their Water Safety Kit. Under no conditions shall a member of a Water Safety Unit enter the water. (INCORRECT)
- These units CAN ENTER THE WATER WHEN CONSISTENT WITH SAFETY AND AFTER PROPER SIZE UP.
(EP - Water Resue 2 1.2)
All members must be familiar with proper water rescue operations. All of the following choices below contain correct information except?
A) Members selected at roll call will don PFDs at quarters prior to boarding apparatus when responding to a possible water rescue emergency.
B) The “Spotter” may be a firefighter, designated by the company Officer, to keep sight of the victim. In a 4 FF Engine company, the Officer will assume the responsibilities of the Spotter until an additional unit arrives.
C) Once it has been confirmed that there is a victim to be rescued, notify the dispatcher and request additional resources.
D) When utilizing the “throw” method for rescue, the member’s non-dominant hand will throw the bag while the dominant hand holds the rope. Throw the bag directly towards the victim.
ANSWER: D) When utilizing the “throw” method for rescue, the member’s non-dominant hand will throw the bag while the dominant hand holds the rope. Throw the bag directly towards the victim. (INCORRECT)
- Dominant hand THROWS BAG
- OTHER hand HOLDS ROPE
- Throw bag OVER AND PAST the victim.
(EP - Water Rescue 2 3.8.4)
Two members discussing water rescue procedures during drill were able to identify which incorrect comment made earlier during that tour?
A) Members entering the water shall have their feet protected. Member can leave shoes on, or if wearing bunker gear, step out of the pants, remove boots from the pants, and put the boots back on.
B) All members except the Primary and Secondary Rescuers shall be equipped with HTs. The Primary and Secondary Tethers and all members near the water shall wear PFDs.
C) Notify the Dispatcher when an FDNY member enters the water.
D) If the victim is more than 75’ from shore they will be out of the range of a single tether line. Additional lines may be needed.
ANSWER: D) If the victim is more than 75’ from shore they will be out of the range of a single tether line. Additional lines may be needed. (INCORRECT)
- TWO HUNDRED FEET (200’)
(EP -Water Rescue 2 4.4.6)
Lt. Smith was conducting a water rescue drill with members of his unit and had to correct which incorrect comment made during the training?
A) All members entering the water are to wear cold water suits or a PFD and shall be tethered. Prior to entering the water, the rescuer and officer should gauge the direction and speed of the current; entry should be upstream.
B) Utilize the quickest and safest means to remove the victim from the water.
C) One hand placed on top of the rescuer’s head indicates stop pulling. One arm waving in the air indicates the rescuer is ready to be pulled to shore.
D) Additional members shall ensure a portable ladder is in place if needed. Secure the ladder and tether it in place. The top rung of the ladder can be used as an anchor point for the 2:1 mechanical advantage system.
ANSWER: C) One hand placed on top of the rescuer’s head indicates stop pulling. One arm waving in the air indicates the rescuer is ready to be pulled to shore. (INCORRECT)
- Hand on top of head = PULL INTO SHORE
- One arm waving in the air = STOP PULLING
(EP - Water Rescue 2 5.3)
In regards to FDNY Water Rescue Procedures, which command consideration is listed incorrectly?
A) Only victims who enter the water that complain of illness or injury should be evaluated by EMS. No routine evaluations are to be conducted.
B) The IC shall ensure a TL or Aerial Ladder is raised as a vantage point to assist the victim spotter.
C) When it is determined that a water rescue is not safe. the IC will have to rely on the technical capabilities of the Marine units and/or FDNY Rescue Divers.
D) Consider the need for a Decon Engine whenever members enter the water.
ANSWER: A) Only victims who enter the water that complain of illness or injury should be evaluated by EMS. No routine evaluations are to be conducted. (INCORRECT)
- VICTIMS AS WELL AS MEMBERS who enter the water shall be evaluated by EMS.
(EP - Water Rescue 2 7.12)
Proper maintenance of water rescue equipment is essential to ensuring these tools function properly when required. Which choice below is incorrect?
A) All Water/Ice Rescue equipment shall be inspected during January, April, July and October.
B) In January and July, the cold water suit should be removed from the carrying bag and hung on a borad shouldered hangar for at least 48 hours to allow moisture inside the suit to dry out, prevent mildew, and help extend the service life of the suit.
C) Before repacking the suit into its carrying bag, the zipper should be treated with candle wax. Close the zipper and run the candle wax up and down the inside of the zipper. Open and close the zipper 1-2 times. Store the suit with the zipper in the closed position.
D) If the suit should become soiled or contaminated with oil, scrub with a mild soap solution (dish soap). rinse with fresh water, and allow drying before repacking. Do not use solvents because they degreade the suit’s seams and material.
ANSWER: C) Before repacking the suit into its carrying bag, the zipper should be treated with candle wax. Close the zipper and run the candle wax up and down the inside of the zipper. Open and close the zipper 1-2 times. Store the suit with the zipper in the closed position. (INCORRECT)
- Close zipper and run candle wax up and down the OUTSIDE of the zipper.
- Open and close the zipper TWO TO THREE (2-3) TIMES
- Store the suit with the zipper in the OPEN position
(EP - Water Rescue 2 8.2)
Of the following choices, which contains incorrect information regarding the inflatable water rescue hose?
A) Every company, including Battalions, carry the yellow water rescue fittings.
B) Supply air to the hose directly from the SCBA cylinder. If close enough, the apparatus sir outlet may also be used.
C) One 45 minute cylinder can fill 5 lengths of 2 1/2” hose in approximately 1 minute.
D) The apparatus air outlet can fill 5 lengths of hose in approximately 1 minute.
ANSWER: B) Supply air to the hose directly from the SCBA cylinder. If close enough, the apparatus sir outlet may also be used. (INCORRECT)
- Supply air from either the SCBA or FAST Pak using the HANSEN FITTING.
- DO NOT fill the hose directly from the SCBA cylinder.
(EP - Water Rescue 2 Addendum 1 1.1)
Proper knowledge of how to deploy inflatable water rescue hose is necessary to an effective operation. Which choice is incorrect?
A) Inflatable water rescue hose can be deployed in a straight line or loop. Straight line deployment can be used at incidents from a pier or shore involving a few victims within close proximity. It can also be used to reach a victim on ice.
B) When deployed as a loop it increases buoyancy and can be used for multiple victims. Each looped length is capable of supporting approximately 20 people.
C) More than 2 lengths of hose can be used for larger operations, increasing the amount of people that can be supported.
D) Deployed air-filled hose should be secured with utility rope. Take note of the water current as it may be necessary to deploy the hose ahead of the anticipated path of water travel.
ANSWER: B) When deployed as a loop it increases buoyancy and can be used for multiple victims. Each looped length is capable of supporting approximately 20 people. (INCORRECT)
- TWENTY (20) people
(EP - Water Rescue 2 Addendum 1 4.1)
Ice Rescues can be extremely complicated and dangerous. All of the following choices below are correct except which?
A) Victims exposed to cold water will have reduced motor skills and manual dexterity, making the “reach” and “throw” methods ineffective. For this reason the “go” method is used as soon as properly equipped members are on the scene and the victim has not been rescued. This can be used in conjunction with the reach and throw methods.
B) The PFD is only worn over the cold water suit ny the primary and backup rescuers when performing an ice rescue. The PFD is not used in conjunction with the cold water suit when performing a water rescue.
C) Whenever going on ice, a tethered ladder can be useful in distributing the rescuer’s weight. Surf Rescue units shall consider utilizing the surfboard with the fins removed to access victims more remote from shore as the surfboard helps to distribute the weight of the rescuer.
D) The Primary Rescuer should approach the victim from the front and should be the only member to approach the victim unless assistance from the secondary rescuer is needed. If possible, the primary rescuer shall be the only member communicating with the victim.
ANSWER: D) The Primary Rescuer should approach the victim from the front and should be the only member to approach the victim unless assistance from the secondary rescuer is needed. If possible, the primary rescuer shall be the only member communicating with the victim. (INCORRECT)
- Approach the members from the SIDE OR REAR
- Approaching from the front may cause the already weakened ice to break.
(EP - Water Rescue 3 4.3.5)
Surf Rescues require specially trained units. An Officer qualified to supervise a surf rescue unit should know that which choice below is incorrect?
A) Long shore currents are more pronounced at outgoing tides and are common at any beach that is exposed to breaking surf. The longer and straighter the beach is, the more powerful and swift the Long shore current will be.
B) Rescuers should enter the water upstream of the Long shore current (sweep tide) and swim witht he current to reach the victim. Contact with the victim will be difficult if the rescuer takes a straight on approach because they will be swimming against the sweep to get to the victim.
C) Rough water and larger wave height are more ideal conditions to utilize the surfboard. When encountering calm water and small waves, members should enter the water without the surfboard.
D) When the NYPD helicopter is operating in close proximity, be aware that the area beneath the helicopter can be dangerous due to rotor downwash.
ANSWER: C) Rough water and larger wave height are more ideal conditions to utilize the surfboard. When encountering calm water and small waves, members should enter the water without the surfboard. (INCORRECT)
- Ideal conditions for the surfboard are CALM WATER and SMALL WAVES
- Do not use surfboard when there is ROUGH WATER and LARGE WAVES.
(EP - Water Rescue 4 2.4)
The FDNY has trained and equipped Rescue companies in Dive Rescue operations. When a victim is submerged below the surface, the incident is now beyond the capability of a water rescue unit, yet 1st arriving units still play a key role in facilitating effective operations. Which choice below is incorrect?
A) Upon arrival, determine if there is a confirmed victim or victims in the water and if the victim(s) is on the surface or submerged. Notify incoming units of the status of the victim via the Borough Dispatcher.
B) If the victim is submerged, immediately search for a reliable witness. Once located, immediately remove the witness to the location of the Command Post so he/she can report exactly what occurred to the IC.
C) Once the last location of the victim is confirmed, units on scene shall determine the best access point for the entry of the Rescue Divers. This shall be relayed to the responding Rescue company Officer, who, upon his arrival will determine if the selected site is suitable or adjust if necessary.
D) In order to expedite the rescue effort, units should be prepared to assist the Rescue Divers with transporting any needed equipment to the entry point. The assistance of at least one company will have to be dedicated to this task.
ANSWER: B) If the victim is submerged, immediately search for a reliable witness. Once located, immediately remove the witness to the location of the Command Post so he/she can report exactly what occurred to the IC. (INCORRECT)
- ENSURE WITNESS KEEPS THEIR REFERENCE POINT AND VISUALLY MAINTAINS THE LAST LOCATION WHERE THEY SAW THE VICTIM PRIOR TO SUBMERGING.
(EP - Water Rescue 5 2.1)
NYC uses over two billion cubic feet of natural gas every day, supplying two-thirds of our total energy needs. Natural gas is supplied to NYC by three interstate pipelines and several interconnections under the management of several distributors. Which of the following statements is correct pertaining to the gas system infrastructure?
A) Natural gas is piped to customers along Distribution Mains which may be high or medium pressure only.
B) High and medium pressure Distribution Mains are made of steel, plastic, or if older, cast iron.
C) Only high pressure Distribution Mains have control valves that are exercised (partially) on a schedule to ensure working order.
D) Gate station facilities have remote monitoring by the Utility Company’s Gas Control Centers but generally have no permanent on-site personnel.
D) Gate station facilities have remote monitoring by the Utility Company’s Gas Control Centers but generally have no permanent on-site personnel.
A - Natural Gas is piped to customers along Distribution Mains which may be HIGH, MEDIUM OR LOW pressure.
B - MEDIUM AND LOW PRESSURE Distribution Mains are made of steel, plastic or if older, cast-iron.
C - HIGH AND MEDIUM pressure Distribution Mains have control valves that are exercised (partially) on a schedule to ensure working order.
(Natural Gas 4.1, 4.3)
Natural gas is a hazardous material classified as a “Flammable Gas” and exhibits the following properties. Which property is listed correctly?
A) When natural gas ignites, it undergoes a rapid decrease in volume. If confined, the pressure, due to the volume change, will create an explosive force.
B) Natural gas is colorless and has a natural “rotting” smell.
C) Natural gas is significantly lighter than air.
D) Regardless of the mixture, the explosive range of natural gas is 5%-15%.
ANSWER: C) Natural gas is significantly lighter than air.
(Natural Gas Section 3)
A - Gas undergoes a rapid INCREASE in volume
B - Colorless and ODORLESS: however, to aid in detection, MERCAPTAN IS ADDED to natural gas as an odorant giving it a “rotting” smell.
D - DEPENDING on the mixture the explosive range of natural gas is 5% - 15%.
Any FDNY unit can find themselves with the difficult task of a water rescue emergency. To prepare for these emergencies the FDNY has trained and/or equipped all companies to specific levels in order to address these water rescue emergencies. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A) Water Rescue Units are specific Engine and Ladder companies trained and equipped for surface water/ice rescues. These companies do not search for submerged victims.
B) Water Safety Units have been issued a Water Safety Kit to use when a Water Rescue Unit is not on scene. When arriving first, these companies may take action using this kit, however, entry into the water shall not be attempted by these units.
C) Roll call is the time to determine which members will enter the water if required. It would not be a good practice to assign your primary water rescuer as a riding position, e.g. nozzle firefighter is always the primary rescuer.
D) All FDNY Companies and Battalions have been trained to operate as Water Safety Units.
ANSWER: B) Water Safety Units have been issued a Water Safety Kit to use when a Water Rescue Unit is not on scene. When arriving first, these companies may take action using this kit, however, entry into the water shall not be attempted by these units. (INCORRECT)
(Water Rescue 2: 1.2; 1.3; 2.1; 3.1)
B - Entry into the water SHOULD ONLY BE ATTEMPTED when consistent with safety and after a proper size-up.
Personnel at the scene of a motor vehicle accident with victim(s) pinned must have a specific strategy for overall safety and efficient victim removal. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A) The Engine Officer should divide the company into 2 teams. The Officer and one CFR-D trained FF (equipped with trauma bag and cervical collars) proceed to the scene of the accident.
B) When fire or a hazardous condition exists upon arrival, stretching and charging a hoseline is paramount. Consider a foam handline.
C) The ladder should ensure the disconnection of the battery. When disconnecting the battery, remove the negtive terminal first.
D) Never right a vehicle with a victim inside.
ANSWER: A) The Engine Officer should divide the company into 2 teams. The Officer and one CFR-D trained FF (equipped with trauma bag and cervical collars) proceed to the scene of the accident. (INCORRECT)
- The Officer and TWO (2) TRAINED CFRD FFs proceed to the scene of the accident.
(EP - Disentanglement and Extrication 4.1)
Steam pipes run under streets and sidewalks with manholes providing access to the underground steam system. Which statement below is correct regarding the steam system?
A) Con Edison is the only entity generating high pressure steam in NYC.
B) Steam is invisible.
C) Steam pressures in generating plants can be as high as 900 psi with temperatures reaching 2000 degrees F.
D) Steam pressures in the buried supply piping and in supplied buildings can be as high as 350 psi and temperatures as high as 170 degrees F.
ANSWER: B) Steam is invisible
(Emergency Procedures - Steam 1.2; 2.1; 2.2)
A - Con Edison IS NOT the only entity generating steam
B - Steam is invisible. The white mist seen is the condensate that forms when steam cools.
C - Steam pressures in generating plants can be as high as TWO THOUSAND (2000 psi) with temperatures reaching NINE HUNDRED (900 degrees F)
D - Steam pressures in the buried supply piping and in supplied buildings can be as high as ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY (170 psi) and temperatures as high as THREE HUNDRED AND FIFTY (350 degrees F)
Care must be taken to differentiate between gas curb valves/service valves and gas main valves. Which of the following points below is correct concerning these types of valves?
A) On the National Grid “Long Service” system, the curb valve/service valve is sometimes located across the street from the building it supplies, and it may be found in the street.
B) Con Edison main valve covers are identified by an ID number stamped on the North side of the collar, underneath the cover; however, these numbers may be difficult to see.
C) Main valves are usually found on the sidewalk side of the curb and these valves shut the gas supply to the entire building.
D) An “NSV” stamped on a tag near the service meter indicates there is no service valve.
ANSWER: A) On the National Grid “Long Service” system, the curb valve/service valve is sometimes located across the street from the building it supplies, and it may be found in the street.
(Emergency Procedures - Natural Gas 4.3; 4.4)
B - NATIONAL GRID main valve covers are identified by an ID number STAMPED ON THE NORTH SIDE OF THE COLLAR.
C - CURB VALVE/SERVICE VALVES are usually found on the SIDEWALK SIDE of the curb and shut off the gas to the entire building.
D - A “NC” stamped on a tag near the service meter indicates there is NO CURB VALVE OR SERVICE VALVE
NOTE: Con Edison main valves have ID numbers on TAGS inside the valve cover.
The Sensit TKX combustible gas detector provides a “Geiger Counter” like ticking sound that increases in frequency when a gas source as low as ___ ppm of Methane is detected.
A) 6
B) 9
C) 20
D) 35
ANSWER: C) 20
“20/20”
Fully charged allows 20 hours of continuous use
Detects gas source as low as 20ppm
(Natural Gas Addendum 5 Section 1 and 3)
Which of the following tactics is incorrect when dealing with a High Energy Line Break in a Steam generating plant?
A) Never enter a Con Ed steam generating plant without Con Ed personnel unless life is in danger.
B) Con Ed plant personnel will mitigate the emergency.
C) FDNY personnel should only enter the plant to perform search and rescue for missing plant personnel.
D) The Con Ed White Hat can remain at the Command Post as a Technical Specialist.
ANSWER: A) Never enter a Con Ed steam generating plant without Con Ed personnel unless life is in danger. (INCORRECT)
(Steam System Emergencies 4.1)
- NEVER enter a Con Ed steam generating plant without Con Ed personnel.
NO EXCEPTIONS EVEN FOR LIFE
It should be emphasized that any entry into the water or onto ice must be considered as a last resort. The safety of our members is paramount. Which general safety precaution at ice/water/surf incidents mentioned below is incorrect?
A) At night operations, members should not be allowed past the line of sight from the shore.
B) Bunker gear does not float.
C) Bunker gear shall never be worn when operating in the immediate vicinity of water/ice operations.
D) Tests have shown that members wearing bunker gear with or without an SCBA will sink instantaneously.
ANSWER: C) Bunker gear shall never be worn when operating in the immediate vicinity of water/ice operations. (INCORRECT)
(Water Rescue 1: 2.2.4; 2.3; 2.4)
- BUNKER GEAR SHALL ONLY BE WORN WHEN OPERATING IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF WATER/ICE OPERATIONS WHEN ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY.
D - Correct as written in Water Rescue Bulletin but Cross Reference Safety Bulletin 81 2.1:
“Results of testing have shown that members wearing bunker gear, with or without an SCBA, QUICKLY BECOME SUBMERSED.”
When a victim is required to be removed from a vehicle, the large majority of the time they are removed via the doors. However, roof removal may be necessary for victim access or possibly even victim removal. Which tactic is correct when performing total roof removal?
A) Cut high on the A Post and low on the B, C and D Posts with cutters.
B) Cut all the posts on one side before passing the tool to cut the posts on the opposite side of the vehicle.
C) Cut across the bottom of the windshield using the Sawzall with the metal cutting blade.
D) After completing cuts, slowly carry the roof toward the rear of the vehicle.
ANSWER: B) Cut all the posts on one side before passing the tool to cut the posts on the opposite side of the vehicle.
(EP - Disentanglement and Extrication 8.2)
A - Cut LOW on the A Post and HIGH on the B, C and D Posts with cutters.
C - WOOD cutting blade.
D - FRONT of the vehicle. THIS WILL PREVENT DRAGGING THE CUT WINDSHIELD OVER VICTIMS IN VEHICLE.
In order to safely mitigate gas related emergencies, firefighters must be familiar with the methods the utility companies use to provide gas service to customers. Which description below is correct regarding these various methods?
A) Head of service valves control the supply of gas to meters installed on the outside of buildings.
B) If an exterior gas service valves is present, a curb valve/service valve is also required.
C) Service regulators are usually located after the gas meter on medium and high pressure systems to reduce gas to low pressure (1/4 psi).
D) Peck vents are installed on systems supplied by medium or high pressure to vent excess gas to the exterior if the service regulator fails. There should normally be no odor of natural gas at a peck vent.
ANSWER: D) Peck vents are installed on systems supplied by medium or high pressure to vent excess gas to the exterior if the service regulator fails. There should normally be no odor of natural gas at a peck vent.
(Natural Gas 4.4.1 & 4.4.2)
A - Head of Service valves INSIDE of buildings.
B - If an exterior gas service valve is present, NO curb valve/service valve is required.
C - Serive regulators are usually located BEFORE the gas meter.
In which of the following rescue scenarios must the primary and backup rescuers wear both the Cold Water Suit and a PFD?
A) Water and Ice rescue
B) Water rescue only
C) Ice rescue only
D) Neither Water or Ice rescue
ANSWER: C) Ice rescue only
(Water Rescue 2: Water Rescue: 4.3.3; 4.3.5)
(Water Rescue 3: Ice Rescue: 4.3.5 A)
WATER RESCUE:
Water Safety Units: PFD only
Water Rescue Units: Cold Water Suit Only
ICE RESCUE:
Both Cold Water Suit AND PFD
As a newly promoted officer, you must be well versed in all types of emergencies, including all three types of suspended scaffold emergencies. Choose the incorrect procedure followed at a Suspended Scaffold emergency.
A) If the scaffold is occupied and the need for possible rescue exists then Ladder Companies should respond with their LSR. Engine Companies LSR may also need to be utilized
B) Upon arrival, have FFs survey the roof to determine if the scaffold anchoring system has been compromised due to excessive movement. If any roof rigging is suspect, attempt to secure with LSR
C) If it is determined that the hoist motor overheated due to scaffold overload during a occupied stalled suspended scaffold emergency, then allow it to cool for at least 15 minutes. Then have the worker push the reset button
D) A LSR evolution can only lower a victim down and it is a very dangerous operation for the victim.
ANSWER: B) Upon arrival, have FFs survey the roof to determine if the scaffold anchoring system has been compromised due to excessive movement. If any roof rigging is suspect, attempt to secure with LSR. (INCORRECT)
(Training Bulletins Emergency 4)
B - With Utility rope.
While operating at a vehicle extrication, members must take certain safety precautions to avoid injury and safely remove the victim from the vehicle. Which of the following safety precautions is incorrect?
A) Always treat airbags as if they are live, observe the rule 5-10-20. The rule is at least 5” from the side airbags, 10” from the passenger airbags and 20” from the driver airbags.
B) An area of safety measuring the fully opened length and width of the jaws must be maintained.
C) Never position any part of your body between the tool and the vehicle.
D) If a member gets hydraulic fluid in their eyes, the member should flush their eyes with clean water for at least 20 minutes and immediately seek medical attention.
ANSWER: A) Always treat airbags as if they are live, observe the rule 5-10-20. The rule is at least 5” from the side airbags, 10” from the passenger airbags and 20” from the driver airbags.
(Disentanglement and Extrication 14.2; 14.4; 14.12; 14.14)
- 5” from side, 10” from driver, 20” from passenger
CODE:
“SIDE” SHORTEST WORD = SHORTEST DISTANCE
“DRIVER” LONGER WORD = LONGER DISTANCE
“PASSENGER” LONGEST WORD = LONGEST DISTANCE
