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Myco-Viro > Laboratory Diagnosis > Flashcards

Laboratory Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of examination

A

Direct and Indirect Examination

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2
Q

Specimen is what?

A

Examined Directly

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3
Q

what can be directly examined under a specimen

A
  • Virus Particles
  • Viral Antigen
  • Inclusion Bodies
  • Virus Nucleic Acid
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4
Q

what are the examination under direct examination

clue; ACCEN (asin)

A
  • Antigen Detection
  • Electron Microscopy
  • Cytology (Light Microscopy)
  • Classical Molecular Technique
  • Newer Molecular Techniques
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5
Q

what are the test found under Antigen Detection

A
  1. Immunofluoresence (IF)
  2. ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
  3. Latex Agglutination
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6
Q

Immunofluoresence (IF)

dye used

A

Dye Fluorescein Isothiocyanate

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7
Q

Immunofluoresence (IF)

Positive result

A

Apple Green Florescence with reddish brown counterstained cells

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8
Q

Immunofluoresence (IF)

Result

A

Viral antigen is detected or Viral antigen is not detected

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9
Q

what should be done with Immunofluoresence result?

A
  • Should be correlated with clinical status of the patient
  • Check the epidemiological situation
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10
Q

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

Positive Result

A

Color Formation

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11
Q

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

Types

A
  • Solid Phase (test tube or microtiter plate)
  • Membrane Bound (nitrocellulose membrane)
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12
Q

Latex Agglutination

Positve Result

A

Agglutination

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13
Q

Latex Agglutination

if the plasma contains anti bodies, what will happen

A

world stop

chz agglutination

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14
Q

Electron Microscopy - TOF

10 to the 6th virus particle per mL is required for visualization

A

True

i also dk what shes talking abt <3 - this is abt the micrscope

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15
Q

Electron Microscopy - TOF

electron micrscropy it can be made more sensitive, even at lower viral particles by using immunoelectron microscopy

A

T

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16
Q

Electron Microscopy

Magnification:

A

50,000 to 60,000

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17
Q

Cytology

uses what microscopy

A

Light Microscopy

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18
Q

Cytology

what does this detect

A

changes in cells

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19
Q

Cytology - TOF

checks for viral particles in cell

A

False

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20
Q

Cytology

Rapid diagnosis of viral infections that produce??

A

Cytopathic Effects (CPE)

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21
Q

Cytology

Characteristics of CPEs:

A
  • Changes in cell morphology
  • Cell lysis
  • Vacuolation
  • Syncytia
  • Inclusion Bodies
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22
Q

Cytology - TOF

Sensitive and Specific

A

False

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23
Q

what are used under Classical Molecular Technique

A
  • DNA/RNA probes for hybridization
24
Q

Classical Molecular Technique

what are under the DNA/RNA probes for hybridization

A
  • DOT blot
  • Southern Blot
  • In-situ hybridization (DNA in cell)
  • FISH
25
Q

Classical Molecular Technique - TOF

this techniques usually more tedious and expensive than the conventional techniques. Not widely accepted

A

True

26
Q

what are the newer molecular techniques

A
  • PCR (amplification technique)
  • Commercial proprietary techniques
27
Q

Newer Molecular Techniques

under pcr

A
  • Real-time PCR
  • RT-PCR
28
Q

Newer Molecular Technique

Commercial proprietary techniques

A
  • NASBA: Nucleic Acid Based Amplification
  • LCR: Ligase Chain Reaction
  • TMA: Transcription-Mediated Amplification
29
Q

Indirect Examination

what is the first thing should be done

A

Virus Isolation

30
Q

Indirect Examination

after virus isolation, what step should incur

A

Virus Identification

31
Q

Indirect Examination

what are the can be used as a medium under viral isolation?

A
  • Cell culture
  • embryonated eggs
  • chick embryo - seldomly used
  • animals can also be used
32
Q

Indirect Examination

what are the 3 types of Cell Cultures?

A
  • Primary
  • Semicontinuos (Secondary)
  • Continous
33
Q

What type of cell culture

  • From normal adult tissue (usually monkey kidney)
  • Can be subcultured (once or twice)
  • Best cell culture system (Supports widest range of viruses)
  • Very expensinve
A

Primary Cell Culture

34
Q

What type of cell culture

  • From Embryonic tissue – Considered as stem cell (kaya pwede ma subculture ng marami)
  • Human embryonic kidney and skin fibroblast
A

Semicontinuous (secondary) cell culture

35
Q

What type of cell culture

  • From Malignaant Tissue (HeLa Vero. Hep2 LLC-MK2 and MDCK)
  • Most easy to handle – cause its immortal cells
  • Easier to grow – grow in resit surface (??) and suspension
  • Can be subculture immortaly and indefinitely
A

Continous cell culture

36
Q

if u see this card

A

go over the cell culture

37
Q

what are the 2 factors to be considered in detection of the virus in culture?

A
  • Presence of cytopathic effect
  • Hemeadsorption
38
Q

Detection of the Virus in Culture - under what factor

this maybe specific or non-specific
- Balloning of cells
- Syncytia formation
- Detaching of cells in the plate

A

Presence of cytopathic effect

39
Q

Detection of the Virus in Culture - under what factor

Positive Result: Heme agglutination; carpet cell of red cell

Negative Result: Button cells

A

Hemeadsorption

40
Q

what are the test under Conformation of the Identity of Virus

A
  • Neutralization Test
  • Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI) Test
  • Immunofluoresence
41
Q

Conformation of the Identity of Virus

(Virus + specific Ab against virus) + different cell culture → NO Cytophatic Effect

A

Neutralization Test

42
Q

Conformation of the Identity of Virus

(Virus + specific antibody) + RBC → NO hemagglutination

A

Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI) Test

43
Q

Virus (place in a slide) + specific Fluorescein-labelled antibody → Fluoresence

A

Immunofluoresence

44
Q

A variation on standard tissue culture

A

Shell Vial Culture

45
Q

Shell Vial Culture

what is the technique

A

A small bottle with a removable round glass coverslip is used to grow the cells as a monolayer on the coverslip

46
Q

Shell Vial Culture

Result:

A

5-7 days

this is considered fast

47
Q

if u see this card

A

go over the transes and study the process

48
Q

also called as paired sera

A

Serology

49
Q

Detect antibodies but it takes two week or more before positive result are obtained

A

Serology

50
Q

Serology - TOF

also for detection of antigen in antibodies of viruses

A

True

51
Q

Serology - TOF

Detection of rising titers of antibody

A

True

being check is increase in titer of antibody

52
Q

Serology

Detection of ___ and ___ in primary infection

A

IgM (also IgG)

53
Q

Serology

checking of IgM ONLY

A

detect primary infection

54
Q

Serology

checking of IgM and IgG

A

positve for convalescent stage

55
Q

Serology

checking of IgG only

A

infection has been resolved

56
Q

what are the classic technique under Serology

A
  • Complement Fixation
  • Hemaagglutination-Inhibition Technique
  • Immunofluorescent Technique
  • Neutralization
  • Counter Immunoelectrophoresis
57
Q

what are the newer technique under Serology

A
  • Enzyme immunoassay
  • Particle Agglutination
  • Western Blot
  • RIBA (recombinant-immunoblot-assay)
  • Line immunoassay

Myco-Viro (19 decks)

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