(2) Opportunistic Mycoses Flashcards
this is a NORMAL FLORA but it will infect u if ur immunocompromised
Oppurtunistic Mycoses
Enumerate the Different type of oppurtunitis infections
- Candidiasis
- Cryptococcosis
- Aspergillosis
- Zygomycosis/mucormycosis
- Penicillosis
- Fusariosis
- Phaeohyphomycosis
- Pneumocystosis
Enumerate the characteristic of oppurtunistic mycoses
- Normal Flora
- Affects immunocompromised person
- Acquired during CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION, OR REMODELLING of buildings or are HOSPITAL ACQUIRED
where can Candid Albicans be located
Normal flora: SKIN and MUCOUS MEMBRANE
(GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT)
What are the produced yeast or hyphae in vivo for Candida albicans?
- Germ Tubes
- Chlamydospore
- Blastoconidia
- Pseudohyphae
- True Hyphae
Candida albicans
it is produced when incubated at 35°C WITH
SERUM
Germ tube
Candida albicans
Thick-walled RESTING OR SURVIVAL STRUCTURE
Chlamydospore
Candida albicans
ASEXUAL SPORE formed by budding from the hyphae, yeast, and pseudohyphae
Blastoconidia
Candida albicans
False hyphae formed by yeast cells budding that DO NOT SEPARATE
HAVECONSTRICTION between adjacent cells
Pseudohyphae
Candida albicans
- Mycelial growth WITHOUT CONSTRICTION but WITH SEPTAE
- VEGETATIVE form
True hyphae
Candida albicans
SUCROSE (+ or -), FEATHERING on ____
- +
- EMB
Enumerate the Disease manifestation of Candida albicans
- Thrush
- Moniliasis
- Diaper rash
- Candidiasis
Under the infection candidiasis of Candida albicans, what are the other inflammation it can cause
- Esophagitis
- Cheilitis
- Keratitis
- Onychomycosis
- Vulvovaginitis
what are the infection classification of Candidiasis?
Cutaneous
If the candidiasis affects the mucosa of the oropharyngeal, what appearance it gives?
creamy white patches
Candidiasis can infect which system of the body
- Invasive-CNS
- Fungemia (circulation, will cause shock)
- DIssemindated DSE (sakit sa other organ system)
what are the predesposing factors for Candida albicans
- Prolong antibiotic use or broadspectrum antibiotic (can affect the normal flora)
- pregnancy
- DM (Diabetes mellitus)
- Malnutrition
What are the Screening and confirmatory test for Candida Albicans
- Germ tube test
- Chlamydospore on corn meal
Identify what lab diagnosis for C. albicans
→ Organism + serum → incubate at 35°C for 2-3 hours
→ (+) for this test shows short hypha
Germ Tube Test
what are the other Candida albican species that test positive for germ tube test
- Candida albicans
- Candida stellatoidea
- Geotrichum candidum
Identify what lab diagnosis for C. albicans
→ Inoculate on corn meal
→ incubate at RT for 48-72 hours
→ (+) CHLAMYDOSPORE
Confirmatory test: CHLAMYDOSPORE on CORN MEAL
spherical with smooth surface
what are the other candida spp. and give their affinity to what disease/organ
- Candida tropicalis - IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
- Candida glabrata - 2ND COMMON SPP
- Candida krusei - causes HEMATOLOGICAL disease
- Candida parapsilosis - cause ENDOCARDITIS
After lab diagnosis
TOF
you can rule out vaginosis/trichomoniasis as long as the confirmatory test come out positive?
T
identify the oppurtunistic mycoses
- Source: Pigeon droppings, soil
- Transmission: inhalation of airborne organism
- ENCAPSULATED YEAST CELL (India Ink)
Cryptococcus neoformans (Filobasidiella)
what are the disease manifestation of Cryptococcus neoformans
Causes MENINGITIS, Torulosis, pneumonia
Lab diagnosis used for C. neoformans?
- India Ink prep
- latex agglutination
Give the result for each biochemical test
Biochemical tests:
- INOSITOL
- UREASE
- NITRATE ASSIMILATION
- +
- +
- -
what agar are used for C. neoformans
(+) GROWTH ON BIRDSEED AGAR (assimilate Creatinine)
C. neoformans
TOF
PHENOL OXIDASE (+), PHOSPHOLIPASE
idk what this means im so sorry
EURT
describe the colony appearance of the C. neoformans
Yeast like, mucoid, cream to brown colony
10% KOH, India ink – for C. neoformans are used for what specimen
CSF, pulmonary tissue
When culturing the C. neoformans, what agar will be used
SDA (Saboraud dextrose agar) w/o CYCLOHEXIMIDe
Latex agglutination for C. neoformans detects?
Capsular Antigen
what are the treatment used for C. neoformans
Amphoteracin B, fluconazole (antifungal drugs)
Identify what oppurtunistic mycoses
- Septate hyphae – present in nature (soil, plant, air)
- Dichotomous hyphae (tissue)
- Its mold form has Vesicles with conidia
Aspergillus
What are the Aspergillus spp mentioned
- A. fumigatus
- A. flavus
- A. niger
Match the aspergillus to its description
- A. fumigatus
- A. flavus
- A. niger
a. aflatoxin (toxicoses)
b. brown to black spore
c. fungus ball, aspergilloma, allergy
- c
- a
- b
what is % of KOH are used for aspergillus and for what specimen
10% KOH – fluid, tissue, sputum
What culture medium are used of Aspergiullus
SDA (white, green, yellow, brown, black)
Ag detection serum of aspergillus are?
- Galactomannan - specific for aspergillosis
- β-1,3-Glucan – for fungi
identify waht aspergillus spp
- Also known as BREAD MOLD
- Transmission: inhalation of airborne conidia
- Tissue: dichotomously branching hyphae
- Cause Aspergilloma (fungus balls), otomycosis
(fungus balls in the auditory canal)
Aspergillus fumigatus
What are the diseases assoc with Aspergillus spp.
- Disseminated infection
- Pulmonary or sinus fungus ball
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
- External otomycosis and sinusitis
- Mycotic keratitis
- Onychomycosis
- Endocarditis
- CNS infection
Identify what oppurtunistic mycoses
Agents/species that can cause the disease: RHIZOPUS (roots), MUCOR( w/o roots), ABSIDIA
Transmission: inhalation of airborne conidia/sporangiospores
Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis
what is the tissue form of Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis
NONSEPTATE HYPHAE
most common disease among DM patients with Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis
Rhinocerebral disease
if you inhaled the spore of Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis what where it can manifest?
Lung or GIT diseases
what are the disease symptoms of Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis
Local tissue necrosis, invade arterial walls and penetrate periorbital tissues and cranial vault → meningoencephalitis and cerebral infarctions with arterial invasion and thrombosis
pls look over the transes for the morphologiies pics so u can understand it better
okay
identify what oppurtunistic mycoses
- Brush like conidiophore
- White to bluish green, yellow, brown colony
Penicillium
what Penicillium spp are emerging dimorphic pathogen infecting immunosuppressed individuals in SEA (southeast asia) particularly in a region in China
The most important species under
penicillium
Penicillium marneffe
Mode of transmission and primary source is unknown for Penicillum, however there is a probable transmitter, what is it
clue: burat
bamboo rat
what are the disease assoc. with penicillium
- Focal cutaneous or mucocutaneous infection
- Progressive, disseminated fatal infection
What manifestation does the penicillium shows
Causes granulomatous, suppurative (usually abscess, produces pus) and necrotizing inflammation
identify waht oppurtunistic mycoses
- Sickle or canoe shaped, multiseptated macroconidia
- White, cottony to pink or purple colony
- Causative agent of fusariosis
- Hyaline, septate monomorphic molds
Fusarium
Disease manifestation of Fusarium
- Disseminated fusariosis with fungemia - necrotic skin lesions
- Sinusitis, wound (burn) infection
- Allergic fungal sinusitis and endophthalmitis
- Any infection caused by dematiaceous molds
- Dark color due to melanin production
- Humans and animals are accidental hosts
- Single-celled or multi-celled conidia
Phaeohyphomycosis
infection route for Phaeohyphomycosis can be in what way?
subcutaneous, localized, or
systemic
what are the disease manifestation under Phaeohyphomycosis
- Phaeohyphomycotic cysts,
- progressive soft tissue infection,
- brain abscess and neurologic manifestations,
- sinusitis,
- endocarditis,
- mycotic keratitis,
- pulmonary infection, and
- systemic infection
5 genera for Phaeohyphomycosis:
- A – ALTERNARIA
- B – BIPOLARIS
- C – CURVULARIA
- D – DRESCHLERA
- E – EXOPHIALA
what stain are used to detect melanization of Phaeohyphomycosis
Fontana-Masson stain
Phaeohyphomycosis culture of the specific etiologic agent is
necessary for
FINAL CONFIRMATION
Phaeohyphomycosis are also used for what studies?
Molecular studies
identify what oppurtunistic mycoses
- Used to be considered as a Protozoan cyst
- NO ERGOSTEROL but cholesterol in cell membrane (atypical fungi)
- Transmitted person to person via airborne
particles
Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)
identify what oppurtunistic mycoses
- No.1 cause of pneumonia in AIDS
- No.1 opportunistic infection in AIDs
Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)
enumerate the three life cycle of Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)
- trophic form (trophozoite)
- sporozoite (precyst)
- ascus (cyst) which is the diagnostic form.
Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) causes what pneumonia
Causes Pneumocystic (PCN) pneumonia, and it
is interstitial type of pneumonia
what specimen used for Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)
Brochoalveolar lavage (BAL)
best method for detection of P. jiroveci
what other method of isolation are used for Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)
- induced sputum
- tracheal aspirates
- pleural fluid
- transbronchial biopsy
- bronchial brushings
Nucleic acid-based testing for Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) uses what sample
Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples
if u see this card
study the life cycle of JIROVECII
vegetative form of P. jiroveci
Trophozoite
- can go either sexual or asexual route
- usually haploid
LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII
If trophozoite goes to the sexual phase, the haploid trophozoite conjugates to another haploid trophozoite to form
diploid
LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII
It undergoes ____, and then mature into precyst which is the diploid zygote
conjugation
LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII
Diploid zygote will undergo?
undergo meiosis and mitosis
LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII
After mitosis it will form early cyst and will mature into?
mature cysts
LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII
mature cycst, will form?
ascus (DIAGNOSTIC
FORM OF P. JIROVECII)
LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII
ascus will be?
Raptured and it will released the
trophozoite and go to the cycle another time
Enumerate Opportunistic fungi
accding to table
- Aspergillus
- Candida spp
- Cryptococcus neoformans
match
- Moniliasis
- Fungus balls
- Rhinocerebral disease
- Torulosis
- Interstitial pneumonia
A. A. fumigatus
B. C. neoformans
C. C. albicans
D. Curvelaria spp
E. Mucormycosis
F. P. jirovecii
G. Penicillium
- C
- A
- E
- B
- F
