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Myco-Viro > (2) Opportunistic Mycoses > Flashcards

(2) Opportunistic Mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

this is a NORMAL FLORA but it will infect u if ur immunocompromised

A

Oppurtunistic Mycoses

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2
Q

Enumerate the Different type of oppurtunitis infections

A
  1. Candidiasis
  2. Cryptococcosis
  3. Aspergillosis
  4. Zygomycosis/mucormycosis
  5. Penicillosis
  6. Fusariosis
  7. Phaeohyphomycosis
  8. Pneumocystosis
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3
Q

Enumerate the characteristic of oppurtunistic mycoses

A
  • Normal Flora
  • Affects immunocompromised person
  • Acquired during CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION, OR REMODELLING of buildings or are HOSPITAL ACQUIRED
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4
Q

where can Candid Albicans be located

A

Normal flora: SKIN and MUCOUS MEMBRANE
(GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT)

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5
Q

What are the produced yeast or hyphae in vivo for Candida albicans?

A
  1. Germ Tubes
  2. Chlamydospore
  3. Blastoconidia
  4. Pseudohyphae
  5. True Hyphae
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6
Q

Candida albicans

it is produced when incubated at 35°C WITH
SERUM

A

Germ tube

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7
Q

Candida albicans

Thick-walled RESTING OR SURVIVAL STRUCTURE

A

Chlamydospore

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8
Q

Candida albicans

ASEXUAL SPORE formed by budding from the hyphae, yeast, and pseudohyphae

A

Blastoconidia

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9
Q

Candida albicans

False hyphae formed by yeast cells budding that DO NOT SEPARATE

HAVECONSTRICTION between adjacent cells

A

Pseudohyphae

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10
Q

Candida albicans

  • Mycelial growth WITHOUT CONSTRICTION but WITH SEPTAE
  • VEGETATIVE form
A

True hyphae

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11
Q

Candida albicans

SUCROSE (+ or -), FEATHERING on ____

A
  • +
  • EMB
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12
Q

Enumerate the Disease manifestation of Candida albicans

A
  • Thrush
  • Moniliasis
  • Diaper rash
  • Candidiasis
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13
Q

Under the infection candidiasis of Candida albicans, what are the other inflammation it can cause

A
  • Esophagitis
  • Cheilitis
  • Keratitis
  • Onychomycosis
  • Vulvovaginitis
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14
Q

what are the infection classification of Candidiasis?

A

Cutaneous

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15
Q

If the candidiasis affects the mucosa of the oropharyngeal, what appearance it gives?

A

creamy white patches

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16
Q

Candidiasis can infect which system of the body

A
  • Invasive-CNS
  • Fungemia (circulation, will cause shock)
  • DIssemindated DSE (sakit sa other organ system)
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17
Q

what are the predesposing factors for Candida albicans

A
  • Prolong antibiotic use or broadspectrum antibiotic (can affect the normal flora)
  • pregnancy
  • DM (Diabetes mellitus)
  • Malnutrition
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18
Q

What are the Screening and confirmatory test for Candida Albicans

A
  • Germ tube test
  • Chlamydospore on corn meal
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19
Q

Identify what lab diagnosis for C. albicans

→ Organism + serum → incubate at 35°C for 2-3 hours
→ (+) for this test shows short hypha

A

Germ Tube Test

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20
Q

what are the other Candida albican species that test positive for germ tube test

A
  1. Candida albicans
  2. Candida stellatoidea
  3. Geotrichum candidum
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21
Q

Identify what lab diagnosis for C. albicans

→ Inoculate on corn meal
→ incubate at RT for 48-72 hours
→ (+) CHLAMYDOSPORE

A

Confirmatory test: CHLAMYDOSPORE on CORN MEAL

spherical with smooth surface

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22
Q

what are the other candida spp. and give their affinity to what disease/organ

A
  1. Candida tropicalis - IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
  2. Candida glabrata - 2ND COMMON SPP
  3. Candida krusei - causes HEMATOLOGICAL disease
  4. Candida parapsilosis - cause ENDOCARDITIS
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23
Q

After lab diagnosis

TOF

you can rule out vaginosis/trichomoniasis as long as the confirmatory test come out positive?

A

T

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24
Q

identify the oppurtunistic mycoses

  • Source: Pigeon droppings, soil
  • Transmission: inhalation of airborne organism
  • ENCAPSULATED YEAST CELL (India Ink)
A

Cryptococcus neoformans (Filobasidiella)

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25
Q

what are the disease manifestation of Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Causes MENINGITIS, Torulosis, pneumonia

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26
Q

Lab diagnosis used for C. neoformans?

A
  • India Ink prep
  • latex agglutination
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27
Q

Give the result for each biochemical test

Biochemical tests:
- INOSITOL
- UREASE
- NITRATE ASSIMILATION

A
  • +
  • +
  • -
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28
Q

what agar are used for C. neoformans

A

(+) GROWTH ON BIRDSEED AGAR (assimilate Creatinine)

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29
Q

C. neoformans

TOF
PHENOL OXIDASE (+), PHOSPHOLIPASE

idk what this means im so sorry

A

EURT

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30
Q

describe the colony appearance of the C. neoformans

A

Yeast like, mucoid, cream to brown colony

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31
Q

10% KOH, India ink – for C. neoformans are used for what specimen

A

CSF, pulmonary tissue

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32
Q

When culturing the C. neoformans, what agar will be used

A

SDA (Saboraud dextrose agar) w/o CYCLOHEXIMIDe

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33
Q

Latex agglutination for C. neoformans detects?

A

Capsular Antigen

34
Q

what are the treatment used for C. neoformans

A

Amphoteracin B, fluconazole (antifungal drugs)

35
Q

Identify what oppurtunistic mycoses

  • Septate hyphae – present in nature (soil, plant, air)
  • Dichotomous hyphae (tissue)
  • Its mold form has Vesicles with conidia
A

Aspergillus

36
Q

What are the Aspergillus spp mentioned

A
  1. A. fumigatus
  2. A. flavus
  3. A. niger
37
Q

Match the aspergillus to its description

  1. A. fumigatus
  2. A. flavus
  3. A. niger

a. aflatoxin (toxicoses)
b. brown to black spore
c. fungus ball, aspergilloma, allergy

A
  1. c
  2. a
  3. b
38
Q

what is % of KOH are used for aspergillus and for what specimen

A

10% KOH – fluid, tissue, sputum

39
Q

What culture medium are used of Aspergiullus

A

SDA (white, green, yellow, brown, black)

40
Q

Ag detection serum of aspergillus are?

A
  • Galactomannan - specific for aspergillosis
  • β-1,3-Glucan – for fungi
41
Q

identify waht aspergillus spp

  • Also known as BREAD MOLD
  • Transmission: inhalation of airborne conidia
  • Tissue: dichotomously branching hyphae
  • Cause Aspergilloma (fungus balls), otomycosis
    (fungus balls in the auditory canal)
A

Aspergillus fumigatus

42
Q

What are the diseases assoc with Aspergillus spp.

A
  • Disseminated infection
  • Pulmonary or sinus fungus ball
  • Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
  • External otomycosis and sinusitis
  • Mycotic keratitis
  • Onychomycosis
  • Endocarditis
  • CNS infection
43
Q

Identify what oppurtunistic mycoses

Agents/species that can cause the disease: RHIZOPUS (roots), MUCOR( w/o roots), ABSIDIA

Transmission: inhalation of airborne conidia/sporangiospores

A

Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis

44
Q

what is the tissue form of Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis

A

NONSEPTATE HYPHAE

45
Q

most common disease among DM patients with Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis

A

Rhinocerebral disease

46
Q

if you inhaled the spore of Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis what where it can manifest?

A

Lung or GIT diseases

47
Q

what are the disease symptoms of Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis

A

Local tissue necrosis, invade arterial walls and penetrate periorbital tissues and cranial vault → meningoencephalitis and cerebral infarctions with arterial invasion and thrombosis

48
Q

pls look over the transes for the morphologiies pics so u can understand it better

A

okay

49
Q

identify what oppurtunistic mycoses

  • Brush like conidiophore
  • White to bluish green, yellow, brown colony
A

Penicillium

50
Q

what Penicillium spp are emerging dimorphic pathogen infecting immunosuppressed individuals in SEA (southeast asia) particularly in a region in China

The most important species under
penicillium

A

Penicillium marneffe

51
Q

Mode of transmission and primary source is unknown for Penicillum, however there is a probable transmitter, what is it

clue: burat

A

bamboo rat

52
Q

what are the disease assoc. with penicillium

A
  • Focal cutaneous or mucocutaneous infection
  • Progressive, disseminated fatal infection
53
Q

What manifestation does the penicillium shows

A

Causes granulomatous, suppurative (usually abscess, produces pus) and necrotizing inflammation

54
Q

identify waht oppurtunistic mycoses

  • Sickle or canoe shaped, multiseptated macroconidia
  • White, cottony to pink or purple colony
  • Causative agent of fusariosis
  • Hyaline, septate monomorphic molds
A

Fusarium

55
Q

Disease manifestation of Fusarium

A
  • Disseminated fusariosis with fungemia - necrotic skin lesions
  • Sinusitis, wound (burn) infection
  • Allergic fungal sinusitis and endophthalmitis
56
Q
  • Any infection caused by dematiaceous molds
  • Dark color due to melanin production
  • Humans and animals are accidental hosts
  • Single-celled or multi-celled conidia
A

Phaeohyphomycosis

57
Q

infection route for Phaeohyphomycosis can be in what way?

A

subcutaneous, localized, or
systemic

58
Q

what are the disease manifestation under Phaeohyphomycosis

A
  • Phaeohyphomycotic cysts,
  • progressive soft tissue infection,
  • brain abscess and neurologic manifestations,
  • sinusitis,
  • endocarditis,
  • mycotic keratitis,
  • pulmonary infection, and
  • systemic infection
59
Q

5 genera for Phaeohyphomycosis:

A
  • A – ALTERNARIA
  • B – BIPOLARIS
  • C – CURVULARIA
  • D – DRESCHLERA
  • E – EXOPHIALA
60
Q

what stain are used to detect melanization of Phaeohyphomycosis

A

Fontana-Masson stain

61
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis culture of the specific etiologic agent is
necessary for

A

FINAL CONFIRMATION

62
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis are also used for what studies?

A

Molecular studies

63
Q

identify what oppurtunistic mycoses

  • Used to be considered as a Protozoan cyst
  • NO ERGOSTEROL but cholesterol in cell membrane (atypical fungi)
  • Transmitted person to person via airborne
    particles
A

Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)

64
Q

identify what oppurtunistic mycoses

  • No.1 cause of pneumonia in AIDS
  • No.1 opportunistic infection in AIDs
A

Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)

65
Q

enumerate the three life cycle of Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)

A
  • trophic form (trophozoite)
  • sporozoite (precyst)
  • ascus (cyst) which is the diagnostic form.
66
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) causes what pneumonia

A

Causes Pneumocystic (PCN) pneumonia, and it
is interstitial type of pneumonia

67
Q

what specimen used for Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)

A

Brochoalveolar lavage (BAL)

best method for detection of P. jiroveci

68
Q

what other method of isolation are used for Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)

A
  • induced sputum
  • tracheal aspirates
  • pleural fluid
  • transbronchial biopsy
  • bronchial brushings
69
Q

Nucleic acid-based testing for Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) uses what sample

A

Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples

70
Q

if u see this card

A

study the life cycle of JIROVECII

71
Q

vegetative form of P. jiroveci

A

Trophozoite

  • can go either sexual or asexual route
  • usually haploid
72
Q

LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII

If trophozoite goes to the sexual phase, the haploid trophozoite conjugates to another haploid trophozoite to form

A

diploid

73
Q

LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII

It undergoes ____, and then mature into precyst which is the diploid zygote

A

conjugation

74
Q

LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII

Diploid zygote will undergo?

A

undergo meiosis and mitosis

75
Q

LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII

After mitosis it will form early cyst and will mature into?

A

mature cysts

76
Q

LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII

mature cycst, will form?

A

ascus (DIAGNOSTIC
FORM OF P. JIROVECII)

77
Q

LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII

ascus will be?

A

Raptured and it will released the
trophozoite and go to the cycle another time

78
Q

Enumerate Opportunistic fungi

accding to table

A
  • Aspergillus
  • Candida spp
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
79
Q

match

  1. Moniliasis
  2. Fungus balls
  3. Rhinocerebral disease
  4. Torulosis
  5. Interstitial pneumonia

A. A. fumigatus
B. C. neoformans
C. C. albicans
D. Curvelaria spp
E. Mucormycosis
F. P. jirovecii
G. Penicillium

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. E
  4. B
  5. F
80
Q
A

Myco-Viro (25 decks)

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