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Myco-Viro > (1) Systemic Mycoses > Flashcards

(1) Systemic Mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to fungal infection that involves any internal organ of the body – can involve bone, lymph node, subcutaneous tissues, skin, meninges, etc.

  • two or more organ systems involved, it is referred to as systemic (mycoses)
A

Systemic Mycoses

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2
Q

Enumerate the Systemic mycoses

A
  1. Blastomyces dermatitidis
  2. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
  3. Histoplasma capsulatum
  4. Coccidioides immitis
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3
Q

match the systemic mycoses and its infection

  1. Blastomyces dermatitidis
  2. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
  3. Histoplasma capsulatum
  4. Coccidioides immitis

a. Paracocidioidosis
b. Coccidioidosis
c. Histoplasmosis
d. Blastomycosis

A
  1. d
  2. a
  3. c
  4. b
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4
Q

Enumerate the characteristic of Systemic Mycoses

A
  • Dimorphic
  • Infectious = Inhalation of spore (mold form)
  • Requires BSL 3 (BSC 2)
  • Sputum (most common specimen)
  • NO p-2-p contact
  • Cottony white to brown colonies
  • Exonatigen Test
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5
Q

General Characterisitc

They can exist both in the mold form (in their natural habitat) and in the yeast form (in the tissues)

A

Dimorphic

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6
Q

General Characterisitc

Infective stage or form of sysyemic mycoses

q

A

SPORE

through inhalation

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7
Q

General Characterisitc

What are the protection measure applied for labs to contain the microbes

A

BLS 3 with BSC 2

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8
Q

General Characterisitc

Most common specimen

A

Sputum

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9
Q

General Characterisitc

TOF

It DOES involve a person to person contact spread

A

F

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10
Q

General Characterisitc

Match the colony description

  1. Mycelial or Mold Form
  2. Yeast Form

a. Moist and creamy opaque to pasty colonie on the media
b. Cottony white to brown colonies

A
  1. b
  2. a
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11
Q

General Characterisitc

  • Diagnosis is usually made through this
  • antigen protein immunodiffusion method
A

EXOANTIGEN TEST

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12
Q

Causes
- North american blastomycosis
- Chicago disease
- Gilchrists disease
- PNEUMONIA and SKIN INFECTION

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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13
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis

How pneumonia and skin infection are acquired

A

Pneumonia - inhalation of mold

Skin infection - Direct inoculation of the skin

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14
Q

Describe the tissue form of Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

SINGLE-BUDDING YEAST with BROAD based connection (double
contoured)

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15
Q

Describe the mold form of Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

Lollipop in appearance

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16
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis should be culture in a medium with?

A

cycloheximide - an antifungal, to make the medium selective

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17
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis uses what % of KOH for the tissue

A

10% KOH

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18
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis uses and antifungal agent and is use as treatment

A

Amphotericin B

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19
Q
  • Causes South American Blastomycosis
  • Causes Lutz Splendore – Almeida Disease
  • Organs attacked: Spleen, liver, lymph node, skin, lung
A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

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20
Q

Enumerate the route of spread of P. brasiliensis?

A

NONE

21
Q

Describe the tissue form of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

A

MULTIPLE BUDDING YEAST

“pinched-off” appearance or Mariners Wheel

22
Q

Describe the mold form of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

A

Lollipop in appearance (conidia)

Similar to B. dermatitidis

The conidia are usually found at the TIP of conidiophore

23
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis uses what % of KOH?

A

10% KOH: Yeast cell with multiple buds

23
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis uses what medication for treatment

A
  • Itraconazole
  • Ketoconazole
23
Q
  • Infection cause HISTOPLASMOSIS
  • RES (RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM) parasite
A

Histoplasma capsulatum

24
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum is a RES parasite, what does this mean?

A

infects the
RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM and it
refers to the MACROPHAGES

25
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum can cause what disease

A

DARLING’S disease

26
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum can be demonstrated in the blood by??

A

Blood smear stained with Giemsa

27
Q

Describe the tisuse form of Histoplasma capsulatum

A

YEAST CELLS INTRACELLULAR IN MACROPHAGES

SINGLE BUDDING yeast with a
THIN BASE

28
Q

Describe the mold form of Histoplasma capsulatum

A

TUBERCULATE MACROCONIDIA (rough external surface, rope like hyphae if they are together)

looks acanthocyte sa hema

29
Q

it is the ENDEMIC DIMORPHIC fungus in the USA?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

30
Q

TOF

Histoplasma capsulatum is an extracellular mycoses of the RES

A

F

Intracellular

31
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum uses what specimen

A

BONE MARROW, sputum, tissue

  • Stain with Giemsa: bone marrow, sputum
  • Stain with PAS and H&E: tissue
32
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum use this test to know if it is and ACTIVE or EARLY infection

A

DOUBLE DIFFUSION TEST

33
Q

DOUBLE DIFFUSION TEST

how many wells for the serum with antibody and antigen

A
  • 2 well for serum w/ antibody
  • 1 well contain antigen
34
Q

DOUBLE DIFFUSION TEST

the wells will diffuse together and will form what?

A

PRECIPITATION LINE

35
Q

DOUBLE DIFFUSION TEST

H or M line

  • Closer to the serum wells
  • Seen during ACTIVE INFECTION
  • Disappears with the RESOLUTION of the disease but may persist up to 2 YEARS AFTER RECOVERY
A

H line

36
Q

DOUBLE DIFFUSION TEST

H or M line

  • Near the Ag-containing well
  • Present during EARLY INFECTION (More Ag than Ab)
  • Present in among those who have RECOVERED from the disease
  • Signifies presence of EARLY INFECTION or CONVALESCENCE/RECOVERY
A

M line

37
Q

Causes:

  • COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS
  • ## San Joaquin Valley Fever
A

Coccidioides immitis

38
Q

Describe the tissue Coccidioides immitis

A

Spherule with endospores

39
Q

Describe the mold Coccidioides immitis

A
  • Barrel-Shaped Arhtroconidia (INFECTIOUS FORM)
  • sac-like

Alternating barrel-shaped arthroconidia because they have a space

40
Q

Enumerate the Diagnosis for systemic mycoses

A
  1. Direct Exam
  2. Cultures
  3. Immunological test
41
Q

Stains used for HISTOPLASMA

to demonstrate yeast form

A

WRIGHT OR GIEMSA

Demonstrated using blood smear

42
Q

what stains and reagents are used for Blastomyces, Paracoccidioides, Coccidioides

A
  • 10 % KOH
  • Periodic Acid-Schiff stain
  • H&E (Hematoxylin and eosin) for tissue section
43
Q

Cultures used for Diagnostic systemic mycoses

A
  • Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (RT)
  • Blood Heart Infusion Agar + BLOOD (37°C)
44
Q

what Immunological Tests are used and which specific infection

A

SKIN TEST – coccidioidin, histoplasmin

45
Q

Match the Tissue form to genus and SPP

  1. SINGLE-BUDDING YEAST with BROAD based connection (double contoured)
  2. MULTIPLE BUDDING YEAST
  3. YEAST CELLS INTRACELLULAR IN MACROPHAGES
  4. SPHERULE WITH ENDOSPORES

a. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
b. Coccidioides immitis
c. Histoplasma capsulatum
d. Blastomyces dermatitidis

A
  1. d
  2. a
  3. c
  4. b
46
Q

Match the MOLD form to genus and SPP

  1. Lollipop in appearance
  2. TUBERCULATE MACROCONIDIA
  3. BARREL-SHAPED ARTHROCONIDIA

a. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
b. Coccidioides immitis
c. Histoplasma capsulatum
d. Blastomyces dermatitidis

A
  1. a & d
  2. c
  3. b
47
Q
A

Myco-Viro (25 decks)

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