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Myco-Viro > (2) Paramyxoviruses and Rubella Virus > Flashcards

(2) Paramyxoviruses and Rubella Virus Flashcards

1
Q

Paramyxoviruses and Rubella Virus

All viruses initiate infection via the respiratory tract & limited to respiratory epithelia except

A

measles & mumps (dessiminated, viremia is present)

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2
Q

enumerate the structure of paramyxovirus

A
  • Pleomorphic
  • enveloped viral genome: linear, (-) ss non-segmented RNA
  • RNP
  • Matrix Protein
  • Hemagglutinin-neuromanidase (HN) protein
  • Fusion Protein
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3
Q

structure - TOF

HN protein may or may not have hemagglutinin or neurominadase activity

A

True

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4
Q

Structure: Fusion protein - TOF

Majority of the virus has hemolysin activity

A

T

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5
Q

Outstanding characteristics of paramyxovirus

A
  • Antigenically stable
  • Particles are labile yet highly Infectious
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6
Q

(4) CLASSIFICATION

Paramyxoviridae

4 classification?

A
  • Respirovirus
  • Rubulavirus
  • Morbilivirus
  • Henipavirus
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7
Q

CLASSIFICATION

Pneumoviridae

A
  • Pneumovirus
  • Metapneumovirus
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8
Q

if u see this card

A

study the table for characteristics

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9
Q

To remember:

Respirovirus

A

Parainfluenza 1,3

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10
Q

To remember:

Rubulavirus

Diseases it manifests

A
  • Mumps
  • Parainfluenza 2, 4a, 4b
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11
Q

To remember:

Morbillivirus

Diseases it manifests

A

Measles

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12
Q

To remember:

Henipavirus

Disease it manifests

A
  • Hendra
  • Nipah
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13
Q

Under Pneumoviridae: Only those that are medicallyimportant

Pneumovirus

A

Respiratory syncytial virus

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14
Q

Under Pneumoviridae: Only those that are medically important

Metapneumovirus

A

Human metapneumovirus

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15
Q

viruses that have hemeagglutinin

A
  • Parainfluenza 1, 3, 2, 4a, and 4b
  • Mumps
  • Measles
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16
Q

Viruses that have the ability for hemeadsorption

A
  • Parainfluenza 1, 3, 2, 4a, and 4b
  • Mumps
  • Measles
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17
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Epidemiology

Major cause of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection In young child.

A

Parainfluenza Virus

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18
Q

Pediatric Respiratory Tract Pathogen

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

and Parainfluenza virus

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19
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Epidemiology

most prevalent; endemic

A

Type 3

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20
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Epidemiology

epidemic

A

Types 1 and 2

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21
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Epidemiology

Mode of transmission

A

person to person or large droplet nuclei

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22
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Epidemiology

incubation period

A

5-6days

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23
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Epidemiology

Shedding

A

1 week (from the start of sign and symptoms)

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24
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Infection

what is the syndrom called

A

common cold

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25
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Infection

  • non-specific flu like symptoms
  • infection presentation
A

Common cold syndrome

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26
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Infection

croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

A

Type 1 & 2

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27
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Infection

  • Upper respiratory tract
  • pediatric patients <2 (more common for them)
A

Type 1 & 2 : croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

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28
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Infection

Presentation of Type 1 & 2 : croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

A

barking caugh and stridor (high pitch wheezing)

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29
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Infection

pneumonia or bronchiolitis

What type of parainfluenza

A

Type 3

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30
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Infection

  • Virus can go down and infect low airways (lower tract of lungs)
  • More susceptible to acquiring bacterial infection
A

Type 3: pneumonia or bronchiolitis

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31
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis

enumerate the 4 lab diagnosis

A
  • RT-PCR
  • Ag Detection
  • Serological Test
  • Culture
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32
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis

techniques under Ag detection

A
  • direct immunofluorescence
  • indirect immunofluorescence
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33
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis

techniques under Serological test:

A
  • Neutralization
  • Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI)
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
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34
Q

Parainfluenza Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis

techniques under culture

A

Continuous monkey kidney cell line

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35
Q

Parainfluenza Virus

Prevention and Treatment

A
  • Ribavirin
  • No vaccine
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36
Q

most imporant cause of lower respiratory tract illnes in infants and young children

Pediatric Respiratory Tract Pathogen

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

same as parainfluenza

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37
Q

Most common cause of bronchiolitis pneumonia in infants < 1yo

Peak incidence: <2 months

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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38
Q

Most common viral pneumonia in <5yo

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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39
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Infection

Incubation

A

3-5days

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40
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Infection

Shedding

A

1-3 wks in pediatrics
1-2 days in adults

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41
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Infection

enumerate the viral replication

A

viral replication in EC of Upper respiratory tract → Lower respiratory tract → bronchitis & pneumonia

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42
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Infection

Lower Respiratory tract infection

A

Bronchitis, bronchiolitis & interstitial pneumonia

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43
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Infection

TOF

Infection also of Otits media

A

F (otitis not otits)

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44
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Transmission

MOT

A

Large-particle droplets and contact with formites

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45
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis

enumerate the 5 lab diagnosis

A
  • RT - PCR
  • Culture
  • Rapid antigen detection kits
  • Shell vial culture
  • Serological test
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46
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis

what are the medium for culture used

A

Hela & HEp2, Monkey Kidney & human diploid cell

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47
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis

culture for most sensitive for this particular virus

A

Hela & HEp2

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48
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis

TOF

Cultures shoud detect the CPE

A

Turth

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49
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis

CPE found

A

giant cells with syncitia

50
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis

  • for faster detection - 24 to 48 (use immunofluorescense)
  • the sample can be used for RT-PCR
A

Shell vial culture

51
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis

why HAI and hemeadsorption are not pwede for the testing

A

they do not hemeagglutinins

52
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Prevention and Treatment

A
  • Rivarbin
  • No vaccine
  • Supportive management <3 (symptoms lang pinapagaling_
53
Q
  • Endemically worldwide
  • Primary an infection of children
A

Mumps

54
Q

highest incidence 5-9yo

in <5yo → Upper respiratory tract infection

A

Mumps

55
Q

Mumps - Infection

Mode of Transmission:

A
  • direct contact
  • airborne droplets
  • formites
  • contaminated saliva or urine
56
Q

Mumps - Infection

ratio of asymptomatic

A

1/3 ; asymptomatic

57
Q

Mumps - Infection

Primary replication

A

Epithelial cells of URT

58
Q

Mumps - Infection

enumerate the route

A

Dessiminate in the blood (+) viremia → Salivary gland → other organs

possible infection for kidney

59
Q

Mumps - Infection

Incubation

A

2-4 weeks (14-18 days)

60
Q

Mumps - Infection

shedding

A

3 days before & 9 days after onset of salivary gland swelling (parotitis)

not an obligatory process in infection (parotitis)

61
Q

Mumps - Clinical Presentation

Prodromal period of?

A

malaise & anorexia

non-specific symptoms

62
Q

Mumps - Clinical Presentation

enlargement of?

A

parotid gland

63
Q

Mumps - Clinical Presentation

CNS involvement around what percentage

`

A

10-20%

64
Q

Mumps - Clinical Presentation

TOF

Testes and ovary may also be affected

A

True

65
Q

Mumps - Clinical Presentation

if the mumps occurred during puberty what can happen

A

Testes and ovary may also be affected

66
Q

Mumps - Clinical Presentation

what happen to male

A

20 to 50% develop orchitis (unilateral)

inflammation of one or both testicles

67
Q

Mumps - Clinical Presentation

what happen to female

A

5% developing oophoritis (swelling of ovaries)

68
Q

Mumps - Clinical Presentation

percentage of pancreattits occuring

A

4%

69
Q

Mumps - Immunity

enumer8

A
  • Lifelong immunity
  • Passive immunity (from mother to baby)
70
Q

Mumps - Laboratory Diagnosis

enumer7+1

A
  • RT-PCR
  • Culture: Monkey kidney cell
  • Shell vial culture – Faster culture
  • Rapid antigen detection kits
  • Serological test
71
Q

Mumps - Laboratory Diagnosis

specimen used

A
  • Saliva
  • CSF
  • Urine
72
Q

Mumps - Laboratory Diagnosisq

diagnosis are mainly based on?

A

mainly clinical symptoms (findings)

73
Q

Mumps

Treatment:

A
  • Supportive management
  • Live attenuated mumps virus vaccine
74
Q
  • Highly infectious
  • Single serotype (has vaccine)
  • No animal reservoir
A

Measles (Rubeola)

75
Q
  • Endemic throughout the world
  • Industrialize countries: 5-10 yo
  • Developing countnes: <5 yo
A

Measles (Rubeola)

76
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Infection

Mode of Transmission:

A

respiratory inhalation

77
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Infection

enumerate the viral replication

A

Upper respiratory tract → Regional lymph node near RT → Primary viremia → Reticulo endothelial system (replication) → Secondary viremia → Epithelial surface of the body (skin, respiratory tract, Conjunctiva)

78
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Infection

ncubation period:

A

8-15 days - 3 weeks

79
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Infection

Shedding

A

prodromal phase (2-3 day) and First 2-4 days of rash

contagoius

80
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Infection

when will maculopapular rash appear

A

Macoules papulo rash (appear in 14th day, may circulation antibody na sa body)

81
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation

fever, sneezing coughing runny nose, redness of eye, Koplik spots, and lymphopenia

A

Prodromal phase

82
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation

what phase does koplik spot presents

A

prodormal phase

83
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation

  • found in mouth or mucosa
  • bucalmucosa opposite to molar
  • looks like a salt
A

Koplik spots

84
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation

light pink maculopapular rash and coalesce to form blotches becoming brownish in 5-10 days

A

Rash

85
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation

rash will be resolved throu desquamation

A

branny desquamation

86
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation

COMPLICATIONS

A
  • otitis media
  • pneumonia
87
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation

enumerate the CNS complication

A
  • Acute encephalitis
  • Postinfectious encephalomyelitis (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis)
  • Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)
88
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation

Long term Complication

A

SUBACUTE SCLORSING PANCEPHALITIS (SSPE)

89
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - SUBACUTE SCLORSING PANCEPHALITIS (SSPE

Generally develops 7 to 10 years after a person has?

A

measles (even though the person seems to have fully recovered from the Illness.)

90
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation

A slow, but persistent. viral Infection caused by defective measles virus

A

SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS (SSPE)

91
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation

Risk of developing subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis may be higher for a person who gets

A

measles before they are 2 years of age

92
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation

subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis are characterized by

A
  • progressive mental deterioration
  • Involuntary movements
  • muscle rigidity and
  • possibly coma
93
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Laboratory diagnosis

enumerate

A
  • RT-PCR
  • Culture: MKC, HKC, Lumphoblastoid cell lines (B95-a)
  • Shell vial culture
  • Serological test
94
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Laboratory diagnosis

CPE

A

multinucleated giant cell containing both intranuclear and intracytoplasmin inclusion bodies

95
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

Treatment and Prevention

A
  • Vitamin A
  • Ribarvin
  • Live attenuated measles vaccine
96
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Treatment and Prevention

vaccine were available since

A

1963

97
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Treatment and Prevention

vaccine were derived from?

A

Edmonston strain of measles virus

98
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Treatment and Prevention

characteristic of edmosio strain

A
  • Monovalent – alone, single
  • Combined – with live attenuated rubella
99
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Treatment and Prevention

Edmosion strain of measles virus combined with Rubella =

A

Measles and Rubella (MR)

100
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Treatment and Prevention

Edmosion strain of measles virus combined with Rubella and mumps =

A

Rubella and Mumps (MMR)

101
Q

Measles (Rubeola) - Treatment and Prevention

Edmosion strain of measles virus combined with Rubella and Varicella =

A

Varicella (MMRV)

102
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

immunity

A

lifelon immunity

103
Q

→ member of Togaviridae
→ sole member of Rubivirus

A

Rubella (German Measles or 3 day measles)

104
Q

Rubella

Epidemiology

A

Worldwide distrubution

105
Q

Rubella - Infection

TOF

Compared with measles, rubella is more contagious

A

F (not that contagious)

106
Q

Rubella - Infection

Acute febrile illness characterized by

A

rash & lymphadenopathy

107
Q

Rubella - Infection

Early stages of pregnancy (<20 weeks)

A

congenital rubella syndrome
(Teratogenic)

108
Q

Rubella - Infection

incubatiobn period

A

12 days

109
Q

Rubella - Infection

enumerate the viral replication

A

Replication in Upper Respiratory Tract → (inital dissemination – head and neck) Cervical lymphnode → Viremia → Antibody formation

110
Q

Rubella - Infection

Rash will develop when antibody against the organism is available, what antibody

A

T-cell interaction = rash

111
Q

Rubella - Clinical manifestation

enumerate

A
  • Malaise, low grade fever
  • Morbilliform rash
  • Arthalgia and arthritis
112
Q

Rubella - Clinical manifestation

Face then the rash will spread towards lower extremities

A

Morbilliform rash

113
Q

Rubella - Clinical manifestation

what are the complication

A
  • thrombocytopenic
  • purpura
  • encephalitis
114
Q

Rubella

Immunity

A

Lifelong Immunity

115
Q

Rubella

Enumerate the lab diagnosis

A
  • RT-PCR
  • Culture: Monkey Kidney Cell and Rabbit cell lines
  • Shell vial culture
  • Rapid antigen detection kits
  • Serological test: Hemeagglutination inhibition and ELISA
116
Q

Rubella

Treatment and Prevetion

A
  • Supportive
  • Live attenuated mumps virus vaccine
117
Q

what is one clinical manifestation mentioned for rubella

A

CONGENITAL RUBELLA

118
Q

Infection during the 1st trimester of pregnancy

A

CONGENITAL RUBELLA

119
Q

Rubella

what are the 3 classic triad for congenital rubella

A
  • Cataract
  • Cardiac defects
  • Deafness
120
Q

Rubella

Most common developmental manifestation can be mental retardation for congenital rubella if?

A

if microcephaly is present

121
Q

Rubella - CONGENITAL RUBELLA

Treatment

A
  • No specific treatment – supportive
  • Preventable with early vaccination Rubella

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