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Myco-Viro > Introduction to Virology, Virus Striucture and Classification > Flashcards

Introduction to Virology, Virus Striucture and Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Study of Virus

A

Virology

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2
Q

HIstorical Background

When and Where was the 1st written record of a virus infection

A
  • 1400 BC
  • Memphis, ancient Egypt’s
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2
Q

Historical Background

How was the 1st record of virus was written or recorded?

A

through a Hieroglyph

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3
Q

Historical Background

who was depicted in the 1st written record?

A

Depicting Siptah showing typical clinical signs of paralytic POLIOMYELITIS

Siptah - temple priest

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4
Q

Historical Background

First report of viral infection (identified because of hieroglyph)

A

Poliomyelitis

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5
Q

what system is attacked by the Poliomyelitis?

A

CNS

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6
Q

Historical Background

Pharoah Ramses V is believed to have died/ succumbed to smallpox

A

1196 BC

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7
Q

Historical Background - 1996 BC

Pharoah Ramses V is believed to have died/ succumbed to?

A

smallpox

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8
Q

Historical Background

who pharoah have died because of smallpox in 1196 BC?

A

Pharoah Ramses V

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9
Q

Historical Background

how was the smallpox was identified to be seen during 1196 BC?

hirap mag english sensha

A

COMPARISON of the pustular lesion on the face of the mummy to those of more recent patient of smallpox

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10
Q

Historical Background

what virus family smallpox came from?

A

POX VIRUS (Eradicated, but WHO has a copy)

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11
Q

Historical Background - 1000 BC

Smallpox was endemic in China, in response, the practice of ____________ was developed

A

Variolation – A form of vaccination

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12
Q

Historical Background

what and when was the 1st attempt to vaccination?

A
  • Variolation
  • 1000 BC
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13
Q

Historical Background

how was variolation was made?

A

Crusted and powderized and was inhaled

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14
Q

Historical Background - 1000BC

TOF

BUT this was not completed proven that it came from smallpox virus (lack of documentation)

A

T

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15
Q

Historical Background

when was the vaccination James Phipps (8-yr old) using cowpox infected material of Sarah Nemes (milkmaid)

A

May 14, 1796

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16
Q

Historical Background

who received the vaccination during May 14, 1796 and where did the infected material came from?

A
  • James Phipps (8-yr old)
  • Sarah Nemes
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17
Q

Historical Background

the vaccination experiment on may 14, 1796 was headed by?

A

Edward Jenner

it was through injecting, different from variolation

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18
Q

Historical Background

when was Edward Jenner challenged the boy by deliberately inoculating him with material from a real case of small pox

A

July 1, 1796

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19
Q

Historical Background - association

what materials were used?
May 14 , 1796 :
July 1, 1798 :

A

May 14 , 1796 :: infected material from a milkmaid (Sarah Nemes)
July 1, 1796 :: Inoculated virus from a real case of small pox

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20
Q

General Characteristic of Virus

TOF
Obligate Extracellular Parasites

A

F (Intracellular)

Genetic elements that can replicate only inside a living cell

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21
Q

General Characteristic of Virus

TOF

Possess their own genomes

A

T

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22
Q

General Characteristic of Virus

TOF

grow in artificial culture media (In vitro)

A

F (can be in vivo by using cell culture, chick embryo, animlas; live animals)

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23
Q

General Characteristic of Virus

TOF

Largest infectious units

A

F (Small)

20 –300 nm in diameter

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24
Q

General Characteristic of Virus

TOF

Brightfield microscopy is required

A

F (Electron)

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25
Q

General Characteristic of Virus

Most Imporatant characteristic; They cannot exist, survive, and proliferate outside a living host cell

A

Being Obligate Intracellular Parasites

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26
Q

General Characteristic of Virus

DNA

Smallest and largest animal Virus

A

Parvovirus and Poxvirus

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27
Q

Viral Components

Viral Components of VIRUS

A
  1. Nucleic Acid Genome
  2. Capsid (protein coat)
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28
Q

Capsid

Capsid + genome =

A

Nucelocapsid (Virion)

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29
Q

Viral Components

made up of protein that protect viral genome

A

Capsid

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30
Q

Viral Components

covers the nucleic acid genome and protects it against adverse condition

A

Capsomeres

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31
Q

Viral Components

Repeating structural subunits used in capsid?

A

Capsomeres

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32
Q

Viral Components

what is used for envelope from the host cell membrane as a viral component?

A

Glycoprotein Spike

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33
Q

Capsid

who have and does not contain an envelope?

A

Naked Capsid (no envelope)
Enveloped Capsid (Has envelope)

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34
Q

Naked Capsid

main component?

A

Protein

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35
Q

Naked capsid - Properties

Environmentally STABLE to?

A
  • Temperature
  • Acid
  • Proteases
  • Detergents
  • Drying

Released from cell by lysis

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36
Q

Naked capsid - Properties

TOF

Cannot dry out and will not retain infectivity

A

F (it can be dry but still infective)

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37
Q

Naked capsid - Properties

TOF
Can be spread easily

A

T (on fomites, from hand to hand, by dust, by small droplets)

38
Q

Naked capsid - Properties

TOF

Can survive the adverse conditions of the gut

39
Q

Naked capsid - Properties

TOF

Can be resistant to detergents and poor sewage treatmen

40
Q

Naked capsid - Properties

TOF
Antibody may be not sufficient for immunoprotection

41
Q

Enveloped Capsid

components?

A
  • Membrane Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Glycoproteins
42
Q

Enveloped Capsid

TOF
Environmentally LABILE-disrupted

43
Q

Enveloped Capsid

Cannot be digested by Acid, Detergents, Drying, Heat

A

F (Can be)

44
Q

Enveloped Capsid - properties

TOF

modifies cell membrane during replication

45
Q

Enveloped Capsid - properties

TOF

Release by badding and cell lysis

A

F (Budding)

46
Q

Enveloped Capsid - properties

TOF

Must stay WET to retain infectivity

47
Q

Enveloped Capsid - properties

how is the enveloped capsid spread?

A
  • Large Droplets
  • Sectretion
  • Organ Transplant
  • Blood transfusion
48
Q

Enveloped Capsid - properties

TOF

can survive the harsh environment of GI Tract

49
Q

Enveloped Capsid - properties

TOF

Need to kill the cell to spread

A

F (does not need)

50
Q

Enveloped Capsid - properties

TOF
May need antibody AND cell-mediated immune response for protection and control

51
Q

Enveloped Capsid - properties

Elicits ____________ and ____________ to cause immunopathogenesis

A
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Inflammation
52
Q

Viral Symmetry / Shape

what are the nucleoplasid structure?

A
  • Icosahedral structure (cubic)
  • Helical structure (also appears as spiral)
  • Complex structure (seen in Poxviridae)
53
Q

Viral Symmetry / Shape

onsisting of identical subunits that make up equilateral triangles that are in turn arranged in a symmetrical fashion

A

Icosahedral

54
Q

Viral Symmetry / Shape

Protomers not grouped in capsomeres but bound to form a ribbon-like structure

55
Q

Viral Symmetry / Shape

nucleic acid surrounded by a hollow protein cylinder or capsid and possessing a helical structure

56
Q

Viral Symmetry / Shape

Viruses that do not fit the first two groups

A

Complex structure

57
Q

Viral Symmetry / Shape

Exhibited by poxvirus and rhabdovirus

A

Complex Structure

58
Q

Enumerate Viral Multiplication Cycle

kabisaduhin - VERY DEMURE

A
  1. Adsorption
  2. Penetration
  3. Uncoating
  4. Synthetic Phase
  5. Viral Assembly
  6. Release
59
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle

The viruses are very specific therefore, they have to recognize first the host cell with which they have a receptor for and then, it will undergo attachment with it.

A

Adsorption

recognition and attachment

60
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle

what is the important component for cell adhesion?

A

Cell Adhesion Molecules

61
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle - Adsorption

Taken advantage by virus has glycoprotein

glycoprotein - capsulated

A

Cell Adhesion Molecules

62
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle - Adsorption

Enumerate the Attachment Exemption Examples:

A
  • Poliovirus - Immunoglobulin
  • HIV - CD4+ Cells
  • Influenza - Sialic acid (epithelial cell surface-exposed sialic acid receptors )
  • Covid-19 - Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)
  • Epstein-Barr virus - C3D
63
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle

After it has attached, it should try to enter the host cell

A

Penetration

64
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle - Penetration

Naked ::
Enveloped ::

A

Naked :: Direct Penetration
Envelopped :: Usually Endocystosis or Cytoplasmic Vacouole

65
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle

When it has already penetrated the host cell, it will undergo?

66
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle

removal of nuceleoplasid to remove the lipid envelope by lysis or dissociation

67
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle

It will take over the nuclei of the host cell and it will dictate the metabolic processes of the cell.

A

Synthetic Phase

68
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle - Synthetic Phase

DNA ::
RNA ::

A

DNA :: Multiplies or assemble in nucleus

RNA :: Cytoplasm

69
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle

in synthetic phase the genome is produced in?

70
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle

in synthetic phase the viral proteins are produced in the

71
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle

The protein component will assemble with the gene component.

A

Viral Assembly

72
Q

Viral Multiplication Cycle

in releasing the virus, how it is for naked and enveloped?

A

Naked - lysis ; Enveloped - budding (ikaw) & lysis

73
Q

Virus categories:

A
  • 6 Orders (name ending in -virales)
  • 87 Families (-viridae)
  • 19 Subfamilies (-virinae)
  • 348 Genera (-virus)
  • 2290 Specie
74
Q

who came up with the viral classification?

A

ICVT (International Committee on Viral Taxonomy)

75
Q

4 Major Properties of Vriuses

A
  • Types of Nucleic Acid
  • Symmetry and Shape of the Capid
  • Presence or Absence of Envelope
  • Size of the Virus Particle
76
Q

DNA Viruses

Clue: HHHAPPPY

A
  • Herpesviridae
  • Hepadnaviridae
  • Hepatoviridae
  • Adenoviridae
  • Parvoviridae
  • Poxviridae
  • PaPoVaviridae
77
Q

Rule: DNA viruses

what are the rules?

A
  • All are DS DNA
  • All Multiply in nucleus
  • All are icosahedral
  • All are enveloped
78
Q

Rule: DNA viruses

All are DS DNA except

A

PARVOVIRIDAE

79
Q

Rule: DNA viruses

All multiply in nucleus except

A

POXVIRIDAE

80
Q

Rule: DNA viruses

All are icosahedral except

A

POXVIRIDAE (complex)

81
Q

Rule: DNA viruses

All are enveloped except

A

PAP (PaPoVaviridae, Adenoviridae, Parvoviridae

82
Q

RNA VIRUS

POSITIVE SENSE

Clue: Call Pico and Flavi To Come Right

A
  • Calciviridae
  • Picornaviridae
  • Flavaviridae
  • Togaviridae
  • Coronaviridae
  • Retroviridae
83
Q

RNA VIRUS

what are the shape of positive sense

A

Icosahedral

84
Q

RNA VIRUS

Negative Sense

Clue: Pairing Of File Rats at Bunny’s Area

A
  • Paramyxoviridae
  • Orthomyxoviridae
  • Filoviridae
  • Rhaboviridae
  • Bunyaviridae
  • Arenaviridae
85
Q

RNA VIRUS

what are the shape of a negative sense?

86
Q

What are the rules for RNA viruses

A
  1. All are SS RNA
  2. All are enveloped
  3. All are non-segmented
  4. Generall helical
87
Q

Rule: RNA viruses

All are SS RNA except

A

REOVIRIDAE

88
Q

Rule: RNA viruses

All are enveloped except

A

PCR (Picornaviridae, Calciviridae, Reoviridae

89
Q

Rule: RNA viruses

All are non-segmented except

A

ROBA (Reoviridea, Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae)

90
Q

RNA viruses

generally helical except?

A

positive sense RNA viruses

91
Q

Biggest and Smallest RNA

A
  • Paramyxoviridae (biggest)
  • Enteroviridae (smallest)
92
Q

if u see this card

A

kindlyt go to trnases and check why negative sense need to be converted to positive sense

Myco-Viro (25 decks)

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