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Myco-Viro > (1) Picornaviridae > Flashcards

(1) Picornaviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Picornaviridae have large family of viruses but what is their SIZE

A

small

q

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2
Q

Pico is a spanish term which menas?

A

Little bit

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3
Q

characteristic of Picornaviridae

A
  • Small protien
  • Positive ssRNA
  • naked
  • Icosahedral
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4
Q

viral capsid consists of?

A

60 sub-unit with 4 proteins

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5
Q

Viral capsid consists of 60 subunits with 4 proteins which are

A

Viral proteins 1-4

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6
Q

TOF

Picornaviridae are resistant to alcohol or downy?

A

False (downy is not a detergent)

Alcohol and Detergent

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7
Q

how many genera does picornaviridae have?

A

12 genera

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8
Q

from the 12 genera of the picornaviridae, what are the 2 MAJOR pathogens

A

Rhinoviruses and Enteroviruses

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9
Q

PICORNAVIRIDAE

acid labile and the common
causative agents of the common cold.

A

Rhinoviruses

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10
Q

PICORNAVIRIDAE

what journal state that drinking citrus drinks will help with common cold

A

HA NONE BOBO

theres no such evidence proving that it is effective

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11
Q

PICORNAVIRIDAE

stable at acidic pH (3.0-5.0)
and can remain infectious for 1-3 hours

A

Enteroviruses

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12
Q

enumerate the viruses of the picornaviridae

A
  • Enterovirus
  • Hepatovirus
  • Kobuvirus
  • Parechovirus
  • Cardiovirus
  • Aphthovirus
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13
Q

Causative agents of heart disease in rodents

A

Cardiovirus

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14
Q

foot-and-mouth disease viruses

o Commonly seen in cattle and piglets

A

Aphthovirus

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15
Q

if u see this card

A

kindly check the table for the characteristic of human picornaviruses

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16
Q

Enteroviruses can be isolated from?

A

enteric GIT

“entero”

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17
Q

PICORNAVIRIDAE

what are the serotypes of poiioviruses

A

PV1, PV2, PV3

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17
Q

Rhinoviruses can be isolated in?

A

upper respiratory
tract—in the nose and the throat

“rhino”

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18
Q

what characteristic polioviruses have against other viruses, it is connected with their immunity

A

Minimal heterotypic immunity

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19
Q

what is minimal heterotypic immunity

A

one serotype does not produce a significant immunity against the other serotypes

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20
Q

Polioviruses caause what life threatening disease?

A

Polio or Poliomyelitis

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21
Q

Incubation period of poliovirus

A

7 to 14 days

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22
Q

MOT of Poliovirus

A

fecal-oral route

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23
Q

Incubation for polivirus can be as short and long as?

A

as short as 3 days or as long as
33 days

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24
Q
A
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25
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

Fecal oral route →

A

travels in GI tract

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25
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

Travels in GI tract →

A

infects small intesting/oral pharynx epithelium

primary sites of replication

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26
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

spread to CNS by?

A

viremia or retrograde transport in peripheral nerves

(exact mechanism unknown

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26
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

infects small intesting/oral pharynx epithelium →

A

replicates in submucosal lymphoid tissue

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26
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

replicates in submucosal lymphoid tissue →

A

transient viremia

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27
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

binds to the receptors of?

A

anterior horn motor neurons

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28
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

what are the target site of the virus

A

anterior horn motor neurons

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29
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

where will it replicate, and lyse
motor neurons

A

anterior horn motor neurons

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30
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

what are the possible ways of innervating on the anterior horn motor neurons

A
  • Distal muscles
  • Proximal muscle
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31
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

produce a lower motor neuron disease

A

distal muscles

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32
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

what does the distal muscles infection includes

A

lower extremities which
is indicated by asymmetrical limbs and the
like

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33
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

what part may lead to respiratory
insufficiency and possible death infection

A

proximal muscles

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34
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

what does the proximal muscles infection includes

A

Proximal muscles mainly include the chest which affects the muscles of respiration.

`

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35
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

what immunoglobulin are produced

A
  • IgG
  • secretory IgA
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36
Q

Poliovirus - Pathogenesis

at will protect the host against future
infections

A

lasting immunity from the immunoglobulins

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37
Q

enumerate the clinical findings of the poliovirus

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Mild disease
  3. Non-paralytic poliomyelitis
  4. paralytic poliomyelitis
  5. Progressive Post-poliomyelitis muscle atrophy
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38
Q

Poliovirus - Clinical Findings

  • Most common form
  • Non-specific flu-like symptoms such as sore throat, fever, malaise, nausea, headache, stomach pain
A

Mild Disease

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39
Q

Poliovirus - Clinical Findings

what percentage or approximation does patients present milder form of the disease

A

1 out of 4 patients

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40
Q

Poliovirus - Clinical Findings

  • Also known as the aseptic meningitis
  • Occurs in 1-5 out of 100 people with poliovirus
A

Non-Paralytic Poliomyelitis

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41
Q

Poliovirus - Clinical Findings

  • Presents as stiffness of the neck with neck pain
  • Recovery is rapid and complete
A

Non-Paralytic Poliomyelitis

42
Q

Poliovirus - Clinical Findings

Presents with flaccid paralysis

flaccid = soft

A

Paralytic Poliomyelitis

43
Q

Poliovirus - Clinical Findings

Secondary to the destruction of the nerve cells and lower motor neuron damage

A

Paralytic Poliomyelitis

44
Q

Poliovirus - Clinical Findings

usual maximal recovery for paralytic poliomyelitis

A

within 6 months

45
Q

Poliovirus - Clinical Findings

recovery is longer for paralytic poliomyelitis when there is a?

A

residual paralysis in the nerve cells

46
Q

Poliovirus - Clinical Findings

  • Also known as the “post-polio syndrome”
  • Occurs in adults who had paralytic poliomyelitis during childhood and then develops noninfectious post-polio syndrome 15-20 years la
A

Progressive Post- poliomyelitis Muscle Atrophy

47
Q

Poliovirus - Clinical Findings

  • Characterized by slow & irreversible exacerbation of weakness
  • Common initial manifestation includes muscle and joint pain
A

Progressive Post-poliomyelitis Muscle Atrophy

48
Q

Poliovirus - Clinical Findings

Progressive Post poliomyelitis Muscle Atrophy occurs in about?

A

** 25-40%** of polio survivors

49
Q

Poliovirus - Clinical Findings

TOF

Prevalence for Progressive Post-poliomyelitis Muscle Atrophy are clear

A

F (UNCLEAR)

50
Q

Poliovirus - Clinical Findings

3 countries in the world have never stopped the
transmission of polio

A

Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria

PANdesal

51
Q

lab diagnosis for poliovirus

A
  • Culture
  • Serological test
  • PCR - the most sensitive and
    specific test for the virus
51
Q

what specimen is used for poliovirus

A

Specimen: throat swab, rectal
swab and stool since virus shreds
in the stool

52
Q

treatment for poliovirus

53
Q

Immunity for poliovirus

A
  • Primary infection
  • Passive infection
  • Vaccine
54
Q

Poliovirus immunity

results to permanent immunit

A

Primary infection

55
Q

Poliovirus immunity

acquired from
infected and cured mother to offspring

A

Passive immunity

56
Q

type of vaccination for poliovirus

A
  • SALK: inactivated polio virus
  • SABIN: oral polio virus
57
Q

Poliovirus

the only vaccine used in the US.
It is injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously. It is usually
used in combination with other vaccines

A

inactivated polio
virus (SALK)

58
Q

dosage for SALK vaccine

A

3 dosage: 2nd, 4th and 6th month of ages

59
Q

incubation period for COXSACKIEVIRUS

A

Incubation lasts between 2 to 9 days.

60
Q

Clinical manifestation of COXSACKIEVIRUS

cock - sasi - virus

A

range from a mild, febrile illness
to CNS, skin, cardiac, and respiratory diseases

wide clinical manifestation

61
Q

Coxsackievirus

Associated with herpangina or vesicular pharyngitis which
produces lesions around the oral cavit

A

Coxsackievirus Group A

62
Q

Coxsackievirus

Common cause of the hand, foot, and mouth disease
(HFMD) and conjunctivitis

A

Coxsackievirus Group A

63
Q

Coxsackievirus Group A is associated with?

A

meningoencephalitis and paralysis

64
Q

Paralysis with coxsackievirus recovery is ____ and ____ as opposed to the poliovirus paralysis

A

complete and
reversible

65
Q

Coxsackievirus Group B

clue: same as group A

A

Associated with meningoencephalitis and paralysis

66
Q

Coxsackievirus Group B is linked to a?

A
  • viral heart disease
  • the generalized disease of infant
67
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS for Coxsackievirus

A
  1. Aseptic Meningitis
  2. Herpangina
  3. Hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD)
  4. Pleurodynia or Epidemic Myalagia
  5. Viral Myocarditis or Pericarditis
  6. Common colds with undifferentiated febrile illness
  7. Generalized disease of infant
  8. Diarrhea
  9. Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
68
Q

Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation

  • Fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting.
  • Head and neck stiffness and pain.
A

Aseptic Meningitis

69
Q

Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation

  • Commonly associated with Coxsackie Group A
  • Characterized by severe febrile pharyngitis
A

Herpangina

70
Q

Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation

  • Abrupt onset of fever, sore throat, discrete vesicles on
    posterior half of palate, pharynx, tonsil, and tongue
A

Herpangina

71
Q

Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation

  • Difficulty in swallowing or a decreased appetite
    may be an indication of vesicles in the palate
A

Herpangina

72
Q

Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation

Common in 2- to 3-year-olds

A

Herpangina

73
Q

Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation

  • Oral and pharyngeal ulceration and vesicular rash of palms and soles that may spread to arms and legs
    similar to those of chicken pox
A

Hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD)

74
Q

Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation

Vesicles heal without crusting

A

Hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD)

75
Q

Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation

serotype associated with HFMD

A
  • CV-A16
  • CV-B1
  • Enterovirus 71
76
Q

Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation

o Fever and stabbing chest pain
o May last from 2 days to 2 weeks
o Abdominal pain in half of the cases

A

Pleurodynia or Epidemic Myalagia

77
Q

Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation

Inflammation of the myocardium or the muscle of the heart, or even the pericardium covering the heart.

A

Viral Myocarditis or Pericarditis

78
Q

Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation

A serious disease wherein an infant is overwhelmed with simultaneous viral infections of the different
organs—brain, heart, or even lungs.

A

Generalized disease of infant

79
Q

Lab diagnosis for Coxsackievirus

A
  • Serological test
  • PCR
80
Q

specimen for Coxsackievirus

A

Specimen: rectal swab and stool, CSF, conjunctival swabs, throat swab

81
Q

Treatment for Coxsackievirus

A

Supportive; treatment to symptoms

82
Q

immunity for Coxsackievirus

A

No available vaccines

83
Q

meaning of ECHO in ECHOVIRUSES

A

Enteric Cytopathogenic Human Orphan (ECHO) Viruses

84
Q

grouped together because they infect the human enteric tract and because they can be recovered from
humans only.

A

ECHOVIRUSES

85
Q

Clinical manifestaion for ECHOVIRUSES

A
  1. Aseptic meningitis
  2. Encephalitis febrile illness w/ or w/o rash
  3. Common colds
  4. Ocular diseases
86
Q

specimen for ECHOVIRUSES

A

Specimen: rectal swab and stool, CSF, conjunctival swabs, throat swab

87
Q

lab diagnosius for ECHOVIRUSES

A
  • Serological Test
  • PCR
88
Q

Prevention for ECHOVIRUSES

A
  • Avoidance of contact
  • No available vaccine
89
Q

management for ECHOVIRUSES

A

Supportive management is done in order to tend to the opportunistic or secondary infections brought upon by the primary infection

90
Q
  • These are the common cold viruses.
  • Commonly isolated from nasopharyngeal secretions
A

Rhinoviruses

91
Q

RHINOVIRUSES human isolates are numbered?

A

sequentially

92
Q

how many known types of Rhinoviruses are there

A

more than 150

93
Q

Rhinoviruses are divided into what groups

A

Major and Minor

94
Q

Rhinoviruses

uses the intracellular adhesion molecule
1 (ICAM 1) as its receptor

A

Major group

95
Q

Rhinoviruses

uses the low-density lipoprotein receptor
(LDLR) family

A

Minor group

96
Q

Mainly cause upper respiratory tract infections and rarely cause lower respiratory tract infections.

A

Rhinoviruses

97
Q

Rhinoviruses

Patients with asthma are at most risk since these virus cause
infections that are the most common cause of

A

asthma exacerbation

98
Q

MOT of Rhinoviruses

A

inhalation of contaminated aerosol droplets

99
Q

where does the virus enters and multiply in Rhinovirus

A

entry of virus via the upper respiratory tract which will then replicate in the surface epithelium of nasal mucosa

100
Q

after replication of rhinovirus, where will it pass

A

nasal secretions

101
Q

Incubation periods of Rhinoviruses

A

Incubation periods lasts between 2 to 4 days

102
Q

Clinical manifestation of Rhinovirus

A

 Sneezing
 Nasal obstruction
 Nasal discharge
 Sore throat
 Headache
 Mild cough
 Malaise

103
Q

Immunity of Rhinovirus

A

Neutralizing antibodies to infecting
virus develop in serum and
secretion

104
Q

Prevention of Rhinovirus

A

Non-specific prevention method

105
Q

Treatment of Rhinovirus

A

Supportive

106
Q

Rhinovirus - TOF

Immunity is possible; however, the titers of these antibodies gradually increase as time passes therefore
enabling reinfection.

A

F (antibodies gradually DECREASE)

Myco-Viro (25 decks)

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