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Myco-Viro > (1) Orthomyxoviridae > Flashcards

(1) Orthomyxoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

what is the common MOT for the family of orthomyxo, paramyxo, and rubella virus?

A

inhalation of contaminated respiratory droplets, large aerosol droplets

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2
Q

orthomyxo, paramyxo, and rubella virus shows clinical manifesttion when it infects the?

A

Upper respiratory tract infection

sometimes lower, or viremia (disseminated clinical picture)

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3
Q

major determinant of morbidity and mortality caused by respiratory disease and outbreak of the infection

A

Orthomyxoviridae (Influenza Virus)

common na sakit ang influenza (flu season)

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4
Q

what is the unique characteristic of Orthomyxoviridae?

A

Genetic reassrotment

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5
Q

why reoccurence of flu is possible for orthomyxoviridae?

A

Genetic reassortment (it creates new strain of virus every time)

mas malala pag flu season!

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6
Q

characteristic of Orthomyxoviridae

A
  • Spherical in shape (100-120nm in diameter)
  • Single stranded, Negative-sense RNA
  • Enveloped
  • Segmented
  • Helical
  • Replication: Cytoplasm
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7
Q

Orthomyxoviridae

Cell is coinfected by a 2 difference viruses of given type and forming a new strain

A

Genetic Reassortment

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8
Q

Orthomyxoviridae

Transmission

A

Direct contact or respiratory droplets

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9
Q

Orthomyxoviridae

Disease

A

influenza

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10
Q

Orthomyxoviridae

how many immunologic types are there in influenza

A

4

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11
Q

Influenza immunologic types

enumerate the 4 types

A

Influeza A, B, C, and D

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12
Q

Influenza immunologic types

most and best characterized

all of the characteristics studied are from this type

A

Influenza A

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13
Q

Influenza immunologic types

Only known to cause flu pandemic

A

Influenza A

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14
Q

Influenza immunologic types

Most stable; antigenically stable

A

Influenza C

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15
Q

Influenza immunologic types

Not associated with human infection

A

Influenza C and D

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16
Q

Influenza immunologic types

also antigenically stable
Not associated with human infection

A

Influenza D

or C (but C is MOST stable)

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17
Q

enumerate the important structure of unit of virus

A
  • Nuceleoprotein (NP)
  • vRNPs
  • RNA Polymerase (PB1, PB2, PA)
  • Matrix Protein (M1 and M2)
  • Hemeagglutinin (HA)
  • Neuraminidase (NA)
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18
Q

Structure of virus

associates with the viral RNA to form the ribonucleon protein (vRNPs)

A

Nuceleoprotein (NP)

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19
Q

Structure of virus

what is used to classify the influenza viruses

A

NP and M1

no cross reactivity with other structural protein

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20
Q

Structure of virus

forms the viral nucelocapsid

A

vRNPs (viral ribonucleoprotein complexes)

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21
Q

Structure of virus

Small protein (small sabi ni maam)

Responsible for transcription and replication of virus

A

RNA Polymerase (PB1, PB2, PA)

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22
Q

Structure of virus

Make the inner lining of the envelope

A

Matrix Protein 1

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23
Q

Structure of virus

Promote the assembly of the virion

A

Matrix Protein 1

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24
Q

Structure of virus

Responsible for the uncoating of the virion

A

Matrix Protein 2

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25
Q

Structure of virus

Channel for allowing the movement of the hydrogen so that the virion will escape the core

Its like a transmembrane na lodge

A

Matrix Protein 2

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26
Q

Structure of virus

what are the surface protein

A

Hemeagglutinin (HA) and Neruaminidase (NA)

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27
Q

Structure of virus

This 2 will determine the antigenic variation of the influenza virus and host immunity

A

Surface Protein: Hemeagglutinin (HA) and Neruaminidase (NA)

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28
Q

Structure of virus

Virus encoated glycoproteins

Exposed on the surface

A

Surface Protein: Hemeagglutinin (HA) and Neruaminidase (NA)

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29
Q

Structure of virus

Target of the antibody

A

Surface Protein: Hemeagglutinin (HA) and Neruaminidase (NA)

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30
Q

Structure of virus

capable of agglutinating the red blood cell

A

Hemeagglutinin (HA)

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31
Q

Structure of virus

surface protein that is more reactive with antibody

A

Hemeagglutinin (HA)

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32
Q

Structure of virus: surface protein

primarily responsible for the continual evolution of new strains

A

Hemeagglutinin (HA)

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33
Q

Structure of virus

Major antigen against Ab

A

Hemeagglutinin (HA)

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34
Q

Structure of virus

cleaved to HA1 and HA2 (to be infectious, if not cleaved not infections)

A

Hemeagglutinin (HA)

cleaved by proteases in the respiratory epithelium

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35
Q

Structure of virus

Responsible for binding with epithelial cells (as long as may sialic acid) – to infiltrate the human

A

Hemeagglutinin (HA)

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36
Q

Structure of virus

Sialidase enzyme – to break the bond between HA and sialic acid

will infect another cell once detached

A

Neruaminidase (NA)

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37
Q

Structure of virus

Facilitates the release of virus from infected cell surfaces (de-attaching or release of virus)

A

Neruaminidase (NA)

38
Q

Structure of virus

Promotes viral spread

A

Neruaminidase (NA)

39
Q

Structure of virus

main difference of Hemeagglutinin (HA) and Neruaminidase (NA)

A

HA - Attachment of antigen
NA - dettachment, for release of virus

40
Q

if u see this card

A

kindly study the strains for influenza A and B ty babe

41
Q

Identify the subtypes → clades → sub-clades

influenza A (first sub type)

A

A (H1N1) → 6B.1 → 6B.1A

42
Q

Identify the subtypes → clades → sub-clades

influenza A (2nd sub type)

A

A (H3N2) → 3C.2a, 3C.3a → 3C.2a1; 3C.2a2; 3C.2a3; 3c.2a4

43
Q

Identify the Lineages → clades → sub-clades

influenza B (victoria)

A

B(victoria) → V1A → V1A.1; V1A.2; V1A.3

44
Q

Identify the Lineages → clades → sub-clades

influenza B (yamagata)

A

B (yamagata) → Y1, Y2, Y3 → None

45
Q

Nomenclature of virus

A
  1. Virus type
  2. Place of virus (isolated)
  3. Strain number
  4. Year isolated
  5. Virus subtype
46
Q

Ability to produce new strain, that is why we have occurrence flu virus

Characteristics of the virus

A

Antigenic Variation

47
Q

Antigenic Variation

2 variables Responsible for the persistence of influenza virus

A

Antigenic Drift and Shift

48
Q

Antigenic Variation - Drift or Shift

→ Minor antigenic changes

A

Antigenic Drift

49
Q

Antigenic Variation - Drift or Shift

→ Occurs every year

A

Antigenic Drift

50
Q

Antigenic Variation - Drift or Shift

→ Major antigenic changes

A

Antigenic Shift

51
Q

Antigenic Variation - Drift or Shift

→ Risk of pandemic

A

Antigenic Shift

pandemic can be only occur in influenza A

52
Q

Antigenic Variation - Drift or Shift

Vaccines must be given anually

A

Antigenic Drift

53
Q

Antigenic Variation - Drift or Shift

→ RNA replication errors of virus or point mutation in the gene

A

Antigenic Drift

54
Q

Antigenic Variation - Drift or Shift

→ (+) appearance of new subtypes

A

Antigenic Shift

55
Q

Antigenic Variation - Drift or Shift

→ Only in Influenza A

A

Antigenic Shift

56
Q

what are the 2 mechanism for antigenic shift

A

Genetic reassortment and Adaptive mutation

57
Q

Antigenic Shift - Mechanism

single cell is infected with 2 virus of the same class and will form a new strain

A

Genetic reassortment

58
Q

Antigenic Shift - Mechanism

wherein the virus slowly adjust and becomes transmissible to mammals (human)

A

Adaptive mutation

59
Q

Major shift that occurred in the 20th century

A
  • H1N1 or the spanish flu (1919-1918)
  • H2N2 or asian flu (1957 - 1958)
  • H3N2 or Hongkong flu (1968)
  • H1N1 pdm or swine flu (2009)
60
Q

Influenza A - TOF

All age groups can be affected but immunocompromised are at greater risk of severe disease

A

True

61
Q

Influenza A

high risk acquiring influenza virus infection due to increased exposure to the patients and risk further spread particularly to vulnerable Individuals.

A

Health care workers

62
Q

Influenza A

In temperate climates, seasonal epidemics occur mainly during

A

winter

63
Q

Influenza A

while In tropical regions, Influenza may occur

A

throughout the year

64
Q

Influenza A TOF

In tropical regions, Influenza may occur throughout the year –causing outbreaks more regular

A

False (irregular me na me)

65
Q

Treatment for influenza A

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors: oseltamivir and zanamivir

Given once signs and symptoms initially present

66
Q

treatment for influenza A should be given during?

A

onset or after 48 hours of the sign and symptoms

67
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis

Specimen

A

asopharyngeal swabs, (nasal) washes aspirates

68
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis

Orthomyxoviridae

recommended specimen

A

Flocked swabs - Higher yield for epithelial cell

69
Q

what are the 3 procedures that can be done for laboratory diagnosis of orthomyxoviridae

A
  1. RT-PCR
  2. Culture
  3. Serological

check trans for definition

70
Q

Prevention

who recommends the annual vaccination ?

A

WHO

tongue twsit ,who? edi WHO 🌽y

71
Q

Prevention

WHO recommends annual vaccination for?

A
  • Pregnant women
  • Children
  • Elderly individuals
  • individuals with chronic medical conditions
  • Health-care workers
72
Q

Vaccination of influenza in the Philippines have a new delivery of the vaccine, ideally the flu vaccine should be done within

A

April or May

73
Q

Viral Replication

enumerate the steps

A
  1. Bindinf to the target cell
  2. Taken inside the cell
  3. Hydrogen Ions will enter the endosomes of the virion
  4. Relase of the content into the cytoplasm
  5. Protein synthesis
  6. Replication
  7. Assembly
  8. Budding
  9. Release
74
Q

Binding to the target cell

(1) This will bind to the sialic acid in the respiratory epithelial cell

A

Hemagglutinin

75
Q

Viral replication

(2) Taken inside the cell, what method is used

A

clathrin mediated endocytosis

76
Q

Viral replication

(3) This will then will enter the endosomes of the virion

A

Hydrogen Ions

77
Q

Viral replication

what facilitate the endosome fusion

A

Hydrogen Ions

78
Q

Viral Replcation

mediates the entrance of hydrogen ions

A

M2 or matrix protein 2

79
Q

Viral Replcation

(4) Relase of the content into the

A

cytoplasm

80
Q

Viral replication

unable to produce protein on its own

A

ssRNA, negative sense

81
Q

Viral replication

They have their own RNA polymerase

A

ssRNA, negative sense

82
Q

Viral replication

For it to be release fully, what is needed?

A

sialidase or neuramadase

breakdown of sialic acid

83
Q

Viral replication

reakdown of sialic acid =?

A

Release of virion

84
Q

Clinical Findings

Incubation period

A

1-4 days

85
Q

Clinical Findings

TOF

clinical manifestation will show after 4days

A

True

86
Q

Clinical Findings

Orthomyxoviridae

Clinical manifestation are specific or non/specific?

A

Non-specific

87
Q

Clinical Findings

what are the clinical manifestation

A
  • Fatigue
  • Stuffy nose
  • Sore throat
  • Headache
  • Diarrhoea/vommittin
  • Prolonged fever
  • Coughing
  • Muscle pains and aches
88
Q

Clinical Findings

chills, headache, and dry cough foilowed closely by high fever, generalized muscular aches, malaise, and anorexia.

A

Influenza

89
Q

Clinical Findings

Can be viral secondary bacterial, or a combination of the two (viral and bacterial pneumonia)

A

Pneumonia

90
Q

Clinical Findings

Bacterial pathogens for Pneumonia are most often?

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenza
91
Q

Clinical Findings

Acute encephalopathy of children and adolescents

exposure to aspirin

A

Reye Syndrome

92
Q
A

Myco-Viro (19 decks)

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