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Myco-Viro > (1) Intro to Mycology > Flashcards

(1) Intro to Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

what is the branch of microbiology that deals with the study of fungi

A

MYCOLOGY

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2
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

Fungi can be characterized as?

A

Good and Bad Fungi

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3
Q

Good or Bad Fungi

edible mushrooms and Saccharomyces cerevisiae which are used in making alcohol in beer and wine, or in making bread

A

Good Fungi

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4
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

what fungi are used in making alcohol in beer and winde or in making bread

A

edible mushrooms and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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5
Q

Good or Bad fungus

this fungi causes disease

A

Bad Fungi

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6
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

Enumerate the characteristic of fungi to me please

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Aerobic or Facultatively anaerobic
  • Heterotrophiv
  • Aclorophyllous
  • Monomorphic or Dimorphic
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7
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

give the 2 morphology of fungi

A
  • Monomorphic
  • Dimorphic
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8
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

What is the morphology of a fungi if it exist in one form?

A

Monomorphic

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9
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

What is the morphology of a fungi if it exist in 2 form?

A

dimorphic

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10
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

what is the MAIN BASIS for diifferentiation of fungi

A

Temperature where fungi can incubate or grow

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11
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

what are the 2 distinct structure of fungi that can be seen under the microscope

A

Hyphae and Spore

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12
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

it contains a true nucleus wth an enclosed nuclear embrane

A

Eukaryotic

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13
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

requires oxygen to grow. However, most medicallyimportant fungi are facultatively anaerobic, hence, they
are flexible and can grow with or without oxygen.

A

Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic

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14
Q

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

They have no chlorophjyl, this the characteristic that set them apart from a plant

A

Achlorophyllousa

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15
Q

Fungal cell consists of an?

A

Enclosed nucleus

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16
Q

What is the most differentiating content of the fungal cell wall?

A

presence of Chitin in the cell wall

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17
Q

What is one of the feature that the cytoplasmic membrane of the fungal cell wall consist?

A

Ergosterol

this is the pinaka important okie

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18
Q

Fungi or Bacteria

Cell Type: Prokaryotic

A

Bacteria

Fungi is eukaryotic

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19
Q

Fungi or Bacteria

the cell membrane have sterols such as ERGOSTEROL

A

Fungi

Bacteria - Sterols absent,
except in Mycoplasma

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20
Q

Fungi or Bacteria

cell wall contents: lucans, mannans, and CHITIN

A

Fungi

bactera - Peptidoglycan

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21
Q

Fungi or Bacteria

Produces a wide variety of sexual and asexual reproductive spores

A

Fungi

Bacteria - Endospores are not for reproduction; some asexual spores

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22
Q

Fungi or Bacteria

Metabolism: Heterotrophic, chemoautotrophic, photoautotrophic, aerobic, facultative aerobic, anaerobic

A

Bacteria

Fungi - Limited to heterotrophic, facultative
anaerobic

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23
Q

Fungi or Bacteria

Often sensitive to polyenes,
imidazole, and griseofulvin

clue: yuck a PIG

A

Fungi

Bacteria - Often sensitive to penicillin, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides

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24
Q

Fungi morphology

morphology of fungi are differentiated by comparison of?

A

Temperature (incubation) where the fungi grows

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25
Q

Fungi morphology

Exist at room temperature at 25 ‘C to 30 ‘C

A

MOLDS or FILAMENTOUS

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26
Q

Fungi morphology

Exists at body temperature at 37 ‘C which is why it is the type known to cause fungal infections and other diseases in humans

A

YEAST or TISSUE

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27
Q

Fungi morphology

Best grown at Sabourauds Dextrose Agar (SDA) wherein it forms dry colonies

A

MOLDS or FILAMENTOUS

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28
Q

Fungi morphology

Best grown at Brain Heart Infusion Agar**(BHIA) **wherein it forms moist colonies

A

YEAST or TISSUE

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29
Q

Fungi morphology

Multicellular

A

MOLDS or FILAMENTOUS

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30
Q

Fungi morphology

Unicellular

A

YEAST or TISSUE

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31
Q

what if the fungi exists in two morphologies, what are they called?

A

Dimorphism

btw its not a what if, they exist

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32
Q

if a dimoprbihc fungi were to be exposed from a BODY TEMP to a ROOM TEMP, what can be the shift

A

yeast to mold

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33
Q

if a dimoprbihc fungi were to be exposed from a RT to a BODY TEMP, what can be the shift

A

mold to yeast

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34
Q

Structures of Fungi

Branching, hair-like or thread-like, tubular filaments of fungi observed under the microscope or by naked eye through culture in agar

A

MYCELIUM or HYPHAE

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35
Q

Structures of Fungi

What are the 2 types of Hyphae?

A

Aerial and Vegetative

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36
Q

Structures of Fungi

what type of hyphae holds the spores or the conidia and observed on the surface of the agar

A

Aerial

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37
Q

Structures of Fungi

what type of hypae absorbs nutrients and is observe sub-surface of the agar

A

Vegetative

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38
Q

Structures of Fungi

TOF

hypae can be reporductive or non-reproductive

A

F

(reproductive, wrong spell)

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39
Q

enumerate the reproductive hyphae

A
  1. Septate
  2. Aseptate or Coenocytic
  3. Hyaline
  4. Dematiaceous
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40
Q

Reproductive Hyphae

  • Seen under the microscope with CROSS WALLS
  • Also known as conidiophore

A suffix of -phore refers to hyphae.

A

Septate

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41
Q

Reproductive Hyphae

what are the families that have a septate hyphae

clue: ASD

A
  • Ascomycetes
  • Basidiomycetes
  • Deuteromycetes
42
Q

Reproductive Hyphae

  • It has NO CROSS WALLS
  • Also known as sporangiophore.
  • It can be differentiated from hyaline hyphae due to it beingdarkly-pigmented, usually manifesting a brown or blackish color
A

Aseptate or Coenocytic

43
Q

Reproductive Hyphae

What are the families under the aseptate hyphae

A
  • Zygomycetes
  • Phycomycetes
44
Q

Reproductive Hyphae

Transparent hyphae

A

Hyaline

45
Q

Reproductive Hyphae

Pigmented hyphae

A

Dematiaceous

46
Q

The structure of fungi mainly aids in speciation—wherein it is used in identifying the genus and species of fungi due to their specificity

A

Non-reproductive hyphae

47
Q

Non-reproductive Hyphae

Resembles buck beer antlers, hyphal ends blunt and branched

A

Favic Chandeliers

48
Q

Non-reproductive Hyphae

Knots of twisted hyphae

A

Nodular Organs

49
Q

Non-reproductive Hyphae

Resembles tennis racquets placed end-to-end

A

Racquet Hyphae

50
Q

Non-reproductive Hyphae

  • Maybe flat or may turn like corkscrew
  • Seen in older cultures—as the culture of fungi ages, its hyphae turn into itself.
A

Spiral Hyphae

51
Q

Structure of Fungi

  • All serve the same function for reproduction
  • It may be sexual or asexual
A

SPORES or CONIDIUM

52
Q

SPORES or CONIDIUM

reproduction consists of both meiosis and mitosis

A

sexual spores

53
Q

SPORES or CONIDIUM

reproduction only underfo mitosis

A

asexual spores

54
Q

Termed as the perfect fungi as it can have all stages of reproduction such as nuclear fusion, meiosis, and mitosis

A

SEXUAL SPORE or SEXUAL/ TELEOMORPH STAGE

55
Q

What are the spore that is considered sexual spores?

A
  • Ascospore
  • Basidiospore
  • Oospore
  • Zygospore
56
Q

Sexual Spore

It is formed through the nuclear fusion of antheridium and
ascogonium

A

Ascospore

57
Q

Sexual spore

how is the Ascospore conceived

CONCEIVED?!?!

A
  1. Nuclear Fusion of antheridium and ascogonium = ascus (zygote form)
  2. Ascus will mitosis and meiosis = ascospores
58
Q

Sexual spore

what is the protective structure of the ascospore/asci>

A

ASCOCARP - somatic sac-like structure

59
Q

Sexual spore

The ascocarp in medically important fungi is then termed as ?

A

CLEISTOTHECIUM

60
Q

Sexual spore

Fusion of compatible hyphae or yeast cell with the aid of a clamp connection

A

Basidiospore

61
Q

Sexual spore

Terminal cell of resulting mycelium enlarges to form clubshape structure called?

Basidiospore

A

BASIDIUM

62
Q

Sexual spore

how is the little protrusions from the end of basidium formed

A
  • Two nuclei within basidium fuse to form zygote which in turn undergo meiosis
  • Little protrusions extend out from the end of basidium
63
Q

Sexual spore

what are the nucleus that travels into a basidiospore?

A

Haploid Nucleos

64
Q

Sexual spore

it encloses the basidia and basidiospored, act as the protective barrier and seen at the top of a mushroom

A

BASIDIOCARP

65
Q

Sexual spore

Two compatible hyphae each form an arm extending towards each other called

A

ZYGOPHORE

66
Q

Sexual spore

Zygophores meet and fuse to form a thick-walled
protective called?

A

ZYGOSPORANGIUM

67
Q

Sexual spore

inside of the zygorsporangium develops a spore from meiosis and mitosis, what is the spore called

A

ZYGOSPORE

68
Q

Sexual spore

Zygospores are usually present in the family of

A

Zygorhynchus

69
Q

Sexual Spore

Match the following (spore:protection)

  1. Ascospore
  2. Basidiospore
  3. Zygospore

A. Basidiocarp
B. Zygosporangium
C. Ascocarp

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B
70
Q

SPORES or CONIDIUM

Termed as the imperfect fungi and it is only capable of nuclear or cytoplasmic division, or mitosis.

A

ASEXUAL SPORE or ASEXUAL/ ANAMORPH STAGE

71
Q

what spores are considered to be asexual spores

u can just familliariza

A
  • Chlamydospore
  • Arthrospore
  • Blastospore
  • Macroconidia
  • Microconidia
  • Sporangiospore
  • Anneloloconidia
  • Phialoconidia
  • Poroconidi
72
Q

Asexual spore

  • Formed through the rounding off of terminal hyphae.
  • It forms a thick-walled survival conidia to protect itself from unpleasant environmental conditions
A

Chlamydospore

73
Q

Asexual spore

It germinates and produce conidia during better climate

A

Chlamydospore

74
Q

Asexual spore

how is the chlamydospore identified?

A

based on
the location of the spore
- Intercalary
- Sessile
- Terminal

75
Q

Asexual spore

chlamydospore, identify base on the location

  1. WIthin the Hyphae
  2. Side of the hyphae
  3. End of the hyphae
A
  1. Intercalary
  2. Sessile
  3. Terminal
76
Q

Asexual spore

  • Fragments of the hyphae are formed through septation points—which are points designated to be the location of hyphae fragmentation
A

Arthrospore

77
Q

Asexual spore

what is called for the point designated ro be the location of hyphae fragmentation for arhtrospore

A

septation points

78
Q

Asexual spore

Arthrospore are seperated within ____ before dispersingq

A

parent hyphal strands

79
Q

Asexual spore

what are the 2 form of arhtrospore

A
  • Adjacent cells
  • Disjunctor cells
80
Q

Asexual spore

identify what form of arthrospore

  1. Alternating fragmentation, leaving empty spaces giving checkered appearance
  2. COntinuous fragmentation
A
  1. Disjunctor cells
  2. Adjacent cellas
81
Q

Asexual spore

what are the mature form of Arthrospore

A

Thick walled, barrel shaped or rectangular

82
Q

Asexual spore

  • Produced by budding.
  • It sometimes elongates to form pseudohyphae which are
    constricted at attachment points
A

Blastospore

83
Q

Asexual spore

what are the examples of blastospores mentioned in the lecture

A

Cladosporium a type of mold, and Candida, a type of yeast

84
Q

Asexual Spore

Arise by entire hyphae conversion into multicellular conidia—making it septate

A

Macroconidia

85
Q

Asexual Spore

  • It may be thick- or thin-walled, spiny or smooth, oval- or clubshaped.
  • It may also be sessile, or supported by conidiophores, singly, or cluster.
A

Macroconidia

86
Q

Asexual Spore

what is an example for Maroconidia

A

Microsporum

87
Q

Asexual Spore

  • It is similar to macroconidia, but new conidia formed remain aseptate.
A

Microconidia

88
Q

Asexual spore

  • Unicellular, may be round, oval, or club-shaped.
  • Sessile or supported alone or in cluster by conidiophores.
A

Microconidia

pls look at the pic for their main differrence

89
Q

Asexual spore

  • Only formed in aseptate fungi.
  • Formed by internal cleavage of the contents of sac SPORANGIUM, supported by COLUMELLA, which in turn, is supported by a SPORANGIOPHORE
A

Sporangiospore

90
Q

Asexual spore

FIll in the blank

sporangiospore are formber by internal cleavage of the contents of ____, supported by ____, which in turnm is supported by ____

A
  1. Sac sporangium
  2. Columella
  3. Sporangiophore
91
Q

Asexual spore

  • Grown from inside a
    vase-shaped
    ANNELIDE
A

Annelloconidia

92
Q

Asexual spore

what is the supporting structure of anneloconidia, which may be simple
or branched called?

A

ANNELOPHORE

93
Q

Axesual spore

TOF

First annelloconidium is holoblastic, then the rest are enteroblastic

A

True

94
Q

Axesual spore

what is the distinct structure appear on annellide side as the conidium is released?

A

saw tooth structure

95
Q

Axesual spore

Formed from a tube or vase-shaped conidiogenous structure
called PHIALIDE

A

Phialoconidia

96
Q

Asexual spore

Phialoconidia

They are first HOLOBLASTIC, but the rest are?

A

enteroblastic

97
Q

Asexual spore

Phialides exhibit a terminal cup-shaped called?

A

COLLARETTE

98
Q

Asexual spore

Phialoconidia’s conidiophore can be?

A

simple or
branched

99
Q

Asexual spore

Phialoconidia– Formerly of _____ , and it is only lately applied to basidiomycetes

A

STERIGMATA

100
Q

Asexual spore

Formed by daughter cell pushing through minute pore in parent cell

A

Poroconidia

101
Q

Asexual spore

Parent cell of poroconidia may be in what form?

A

long stalk, a
conidiophore, or may be a specialized parent cell

102
Q

Asexual spore

what is the example given under poroconidia in the lecture

A

Bipolaris

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