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Myco-Viro > (1) Superficial, Cutaneous, & Subcutaneous Fungi > Flashcards

(1) Superficial, Cutaneous, & Subcutaneous Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 Classification of FUNGI?

A
  • Superficial
  • Cutaneous
  • Subcutaneous (Endemic and systematic)
  • Opportunistic
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2
Q

Superficial Fungi

what are the characteristic of Superficial Fungi

A
  • Fungi that reside on the superficial part of the bod
  • No cellular response of the host
  • Skin
  • Hair
  • No pathology elicited by presence of the fungus
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3
Q

Superficial Fungi

  • Seen or observed outside of the body or protective covering of the body, e.g., outer layer of skin
  • Does not penetrate the skin or the inside of the body
A

Fungi that reside on the superficial part of the body

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4
Q

Superficial Fungi

The immune system is not activated which occurs only when the organism gains entry to the body

A

No cellular response of the host

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5
Q

Superficial Fungi

  • All genus and species under superficial infection causes infection mainly on the skin- main site
  • Ptyriasis versicolor and Tinea nigra
A

Skin

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6
Q

Superficial Fungi

Black Piedra and White Piedra

A

Hair

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7
Q

Superficial Fungi

Since there is no pathology, there is no observable changes seen in the infected site. No serious condition elicited

A

No pathology elicited by presence of the fungus

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8
Q

Superficial Fungi

MOT of Superficial Fungi

A
  • Person to Person Contact
  • Contaminated garment
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9
Q

Enumerate the specific genus and species for Superficial Fungi

A
  • Malassezia furfur (Lipohilic yeast)
  • Hortaea (Exophiala) wernickii
  • Piedra Agent
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10
Q

Superficial Fungi

  • Fat-loving; fungus needs fat for growth
  • Endogenous saprophyte/normal skin flora: normally resides in the skin
A

Malassezia furfur (Lipohilic yeast)

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11
Q

Superficial Fungi

what does the Malassezia furfur causes?

A

Tinea or Pityriasis versicolor

chronic, mild, asymptomatic infection of stratum corneum (outermost later of the skin)

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12
Q

Superficial Fungi

what can be the clinical presenation of Tinea or Pityriasis versicolor?

A

Versicolor (causes an opposite color change in the skin):

  • Hypopigmented skin (dark skin to lighter)
  • Hyperpigmented skin (lighter skin to darker)

Ex. Dark colored skin person – infected area lightens; Light colored skin – infected area
darkens

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13
Q

Superficial Fungi - Malassezia furfur

Tiny, multiple, macular spots, scale and enlarge coalesce to form ____ ____ of intermittent scaling of various shades and colors depending on skin color

parang pimpols

A

gyrating areas

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14
Q

Superficial fungi

TOF

Areas of skin fail to tan normally if infected with Malassezia furfur

A

T

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15
Q

Malessezia furfur grown in large numbers in and about hair follicles and sebaceous glands

A

FOLLICULITIS

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16
Q

Superficial Fungi - Malassezia furfur

  • Predominates in the hair follicle causing inflammation
  • Appears like an allergic reaction causing reddening of affected area
A

FOLLICULITIS

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17
Q

Superficial Fungi - Malassezia furfur

Clinical sample used?

A

Skin (skin scraping ig)

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18
Q

Superficial Fungi - Malassezia furfur

what are the 2 laboratory identification?

A
  1. KOH smear
  2. Culture
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19
Q

Malassezia furfur - Lab Identification

  • cluster of round, budding yeast cells (up to 8 um in size) and short, septate, unbranched, nonpigmented hyphal fragments;
  • lesions fluoresce under Wood’s lamp
A

KOH smear

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20
Q

Malassezia furfur - Lab Identification

KOH smear wtih PAS (periodic acid-schiff stain) what will be the characteristic appearance

A

Spaghetti and Meatballs

  • Spaghetti: long hyphal fragments
  • Meatballs: budding yeast cells

clusters of budding yeast0like cells and short angular hyphal forms

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21
Q

Malassezia furfur - Lab Identification

this lab identification is not necessary for diagnosis

A

Culture

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22
Q

Malassezia furfur - Lab Identification

Enumerate the consideration for culture

A
  • Grows well at 37’C
  • Medium: malt agar or Sabouraud’s agar containing streptomycin, penicillin, and actidione
  • Culture should be covered with a layer of olive oil
23
Q

Malassezia furfur - Lab Identification

what is the purpose of culture?

A

Academic Purposes

24
Q

Malassezia furfur - Lab Identification

give the morphgology found in the culture

A

Yeastlike cells with only a rare elongation to form hyphal elements

25
Q

Superficial FUngi

  • Normal flora of the skin
  • Causes Tinea nigra or Tinea nigra palmaris
A

Hortaea (Exophiala) wernickii

26
Q

Hortaea (Exophiala) wernickii

  • superficial chronic and asymptomatic infection of the stratum corneum
  • Prevalent in warm coastal areas and among young women
  • Manifestation of Hortaea wernickii
A

Tinea nigra or Tinea nigra palmaris

27
Q

Hortaeae wernickii

what is the appearance of Tinear nigra or Tinea nigra palmaris

A

Appear as dark (brown to black) discoloration often on the palm and sole

28
Q

Laboratory sample for Hortaea wernickii

A

skin scrapings from the periphery of the lesion

ALWAYS NEAR THE LESION!

29
Q

what are the laboratory examination employed for Exophiala wernickii

A
  1. 10% KOH smear (routine)
  2. Culture (Not required)
30
Q

after the KOH smear what will be the appearance of Exophiala wernickii

A
  • Brownish to olivaceous
  • Multiple branched
  • Septate hyphae
  • Budding cells
31
Q

For culture, what would be the morphology for Exophiala wernickii

A
  • Shiny, moist, adherent, yeastiike colony
  • Brownish, olive to shiny greenish black
  • Colonies: two-celled, cylindrical to spindle-shaped tlike cells that ta toward the ends
32
Q

Enumerate the prognosis and theraphy for Exophiala wernickii

A
  • Daily applicatim of Whitfield’s ointment with tincture of iodine, 2% salicylic acid, 3% sulfur 10% thiabendazole
  • Topical imidazoles or triazoles
  • Griseofulvin is NOT EFFECTIVE (one of the common anti-fungal medication)
33
Q

Prognosis and theraphy

enumerate the content of Whitfields ointment for Exophiala wernickii

A
  • Whitfields ointment
  • Tincture of iodine
  • 2% salicylic acid
  • 3% Sulfur
34
Q

Prognosis and theraphy

what are the considered topical to be used for Exophiala wernickii

A

Topical imidazoles or Triazoles

35
Q

Prognosis and theraphy

it is one of the common anti-fungal medication but is not effective for Exophiala wernickii

A

Griseofulvin

36
Q

Superficial Fungi

General meaning it resides on the hair or infects the hair

A

Piedra Agent

37
Q

what are the 2 specific genus and spp for piedra agents?

A
  • Pidraia hortai (black piedra)
  • Trichosporon beigelii (white piedra)
38
Q

source of piedra agent

A

Environment and skin flora

39
Q

Give the clinical presentation of Black piedra

A

Black nodules are gritty, hard, brown to black encrustations that vary in size frorn microscopic to a few mm and in depth up to 150um

40
Q

Give the clinical presentation of Black piedra

A
  • Softer granule, whitet red, green or light brown
  • Beard, axilla, groin
  • Assæiated with lax hygiene
41
Q

What would be the theraphy for piedra agent

A
  • Shave or cut the infected hair
  • Topical fungicides: bichloride of mercury (1:2000) benzoic acid and salicylic acid combinations, 3% sulfur
    ointment and 2% formalin
42
Q

kindly give the contents of topical fungicide for piedra agent

A
  • bichloride of mercury (1:2000)
  • benzoic acid and salicylic acid combinations
  • 3% sulfur ointment and 2% formalin
43
Q

what would be the love specimen for piedra agent

A

none, its not love dumbass

44
Q

lab specimen for piedra agent

A

HAIR

45
Q

Enumerate the Lab identifaction for piedra agent

A
  1. Routine 10% KOH smear
  2. Culture
46
Q

give the morphology of piedra agent after KOH smear

A
  • Black piedra: ASCOSPORE
  • White piedra: ARHTOSPORES
47
Q

Cultiure

Trichosporon beigelii (white piedra) when cultured this is inhibeted by?

A

Inhibited by cycloheximide in mycologic selective media (mycosel)

48
Q

Trichosporon beigelii (white piedra) when cultured grows rapidly on?

A

Sabourauds agar

49
Q

Trichosporon beigelii (white piedra) characteristic of colony

A

Cream-colored yeastlike colony that develops radial furrows and irregular folds with and
Often separates the from the media

50
Q

Piedraia hortai (black colony) grows very slow at what temp when cultured?

A

25’C (RT)

51
Q

Piedraia hortai (black colony) Grows very slowly at 250C (room temperature), developing into?

A

Small, dark brown to black conical, adherent colonies

52
Q

Piedraia hortai (black colony) characteristic of colony in the media

A

Colony-Rusty Red pigment in media

53
Q

Piedraia hortai (black colony) morphology under the micrscop after culture

A

Thick-walled, closely septate hyphae,
chlamydoconidiat and swollen, irregular cells

Myco-Viro (23 decks)

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