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ANAT > L8: Synovial Joints > Flashcards

L8: Synovial Joints Flashcards

1
Q

what structural characteristic for a synovial joint is not seen at fibrous or cartilaginous joints?

A
  • joint cavity
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2
Q

friction between bones at synovial joints is prevented by?

A
  • hyaline articular cartilage
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3
Q

function of all synovial joints?

A
  • diarthrosis
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4
Q

what is the double layered capsule in a synovial joint?

A
  • articular capsule
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5
Q

what are the layers of the double layered articular capsule?

A
  • outer layer: fibrous layer

- inner layer: synovial membrane

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6
Q

how much viscous synovial fluid is in a joint? what is the function?

A
  • 1ml
  • lubricant
  • nourishment
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7
Q

function of sensory nerves in synovial joints?

A
  • detect pain

- proprioception (detect changes and adjust movement)

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8
Q

association of tendons with synovial joints?

A
  • stabilize joints because they pass across or around a joint
  • can limit range/amount of movement
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9
Q

ligaments connect?

A
  • bone to bone
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10
Q

function of collagen in ligaments?

A
  • collagen bundles aligned to resist tensile forces
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11
Q

function of ligaments in synovial bones?

A
  • resist abnormal/excessive movement
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12
Q

ligaments do not interfere with?

A
  • normal movement
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13
Q

function of capsular (intrinsic) ligaments

A
  • thickening of fibrous capsule
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14
Q

where is the extracapsular intrisic ligament?

A
  • external and separate to the fibrous capsule
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15
Q

where is the intracapsular intrinsic ligament?

A
  • enclosed inside the fibrous capsule
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16
Q

function of fibrocartilage pads?

A
  • improve congruency of articular surfaces

- stress distribution

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17
Q

what is the labrum? example?

A
  • fibrocartilage rim attached to the edge of a socket
  • glenohumeral
  • coxal joints
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18
Q

function of labrum?

A
  • increase joint contact area

- are deformable

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19
Q

what are fat pads?

A
  • soft deformable space fillers as the joint moves and the joint cavity changes shape
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20
Q

function of fat pads?

A
  • distribute stress
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21
Q

what are bursae?

A
  • synovial membrane sacs either separate or continuous with the joint
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22
Q

where are bursae located?

A
  • sites of friction
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23
Q

synovial membranes are designed to?

A
  • permit movement
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24
Q

the amount and direction of movement in synovial joints is determined by?

A
  • shape of articular surfaces

- associated joint structures

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25
Q

characteristics of plane (gliding) joints?

A
  • flat articular surfaces
26
Q

example of plane (gliding) joints)

A
  • intercarpal joints

- intertarsal joints

27
Q

characteristics of hinge joints?

A
  • 1 convex and 1 concave articulating surface
28
Q

example of hinge joint?

A
  • humero-ulnar joint

- interphalangeal joints

29
Q

characteristics of pivot joint?

A
  • bony pivot in an osteoligamentous ring
30
Q

in pivot joints, the bone rotates around what axis?

A
  • longitudinal axis
31
Q

example of pivot joints?

A
  • median atlanto-axial joint

- proximal radioulnar joint

32
Q

characteristics of bicondylar joints?

A
  • 2 convex condyles articulate with concave or flat surfaces
33
Q

example of bicondylar joints?

A
  • tibiofemoral joint

- atlanto-occipital joints

34
Q

characteristics of ellipsoid joints?

A
  • 1 oval convex and 1 oval concave articulating surface
35
Q

example of ellipsoid joints?

A
  • metacarpophalangeal (MCP)

- radiocarpal joint (RCJ)

36
Q

characteristics of saddle joint?

A
  • 2 concavo-convex surfaces
37
Q

example of saddle joints?

A
  • 1st carpometacarpal joint
38
Q

characteristics of ball and socket joints?

A
  • spherical head articulates with a cup-shaped socket
39
Q

examples of ball and socket joints?

A
  • hip joint

- glenohumeral joint

40
Q

what are the two joint spaces in the temporomandibular joint?

A
  • gliding mostly in the superior joint space

- hinge action mostly in the inferior joint space

41
Q

function of plane/gliding joints?

42
Q

function of hinge joints?

43
Q

function of pivot joints?

44
Q

function of bicondylar joints?

A
  • predominately uniaxial
45
Q

function of ellipsoid joint?

46
Q

function of saddle joints?

47
Q

function of ball and socket joints?

A

multiaxial

48
Q

what is uniaxial?

A
  • 1 axis

- 1 plane of movement

49
Q

example of uniaxial joints?

A
  • plane
  • hinge
  • pivot
50
Q

example of uniaxial plane joint?

A
  • glide/translation
51
Q

example of uniaxial hinge joint?

A
  • flexion/extension in sagittal plane around coronal axis
52
Q

example of uniaxial pivot joint?

A
  • axial rotation or supination/pronation in the transverse plane around a longitudinal axis
53
Q

what is a predominately uniaxial joint?

A
  • main movement in 1 plane
  • limited movement in orthagonal plane
  • bicondylar joint
54
Q

example of predominately uniaxial bicondylar joint?

A
  • tibiofemoral joint
  • mainly flexion/extension in the sagittal plane around a coronal axis
  • limited rotation around the vertical axis
55
Q

characteristics of biaxial joints?

A
  • 2 axes

- 2 planes of movement

56
Q

example of biaxial joints?

A
  • condylar

- saddle

57
Q

how does flexion/extension in a biaxial joint occur?

A
  • in the sagittal plane around a coronal axis
58
Q

how does abduction/adduction occur in biaxial joints?

A
  • in the coronal plane around a sagittal axis
59
Q

what are multiaxial joints?

A
  • multiple axes and planes of movement
60
Q

hows does flexion/extension occur in ball and socket joints?

A
  • in the sagittal plane around a coronal axis
61
Q

how does abduction/adduction in ball and socket joints occur?

A
  • coronal plane around a sagittal axis
62
Q

how does medial/lateral rotation occur in ball and socket joints?

A
  • in the transverse plane around a longitudinal axis

ANAT (31 decks)

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