L24: ANS & Endocrine System Flashcards
difference between control of somatic and autonomic?
somatic: voluntary
autonomic: involuntary
for somatic and autonomic, how many neurons from spinal cord or brain stem?
somatic: 1 neuron from spinal cord
autonomic: 2 neurons from brain stem/ spinal cord
in somatic and autonomic, where are the cell bodies?
somatic: cell body in VENTRAL grey horn
autonomic: 1st cell body in LATERAL grey horn
both: OR motor cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem
where is the 2nd cell body of autonomic?
in peripheral ganglia
effector organs in somatic/ autonomic?
somatic: skeletal muscle
autonomic: smooth&cardiac muscle; secretory glands
effect of somatic/autonomic?
somatic: excitation
autonomic: excitation or inhibition
in the autonomic nervous system, what is sympathetic?
- preparation for emergency
- FIGHT OR FLIGHT
in the autonomic nervous system, what is parasympathetic?
- conserving/ restoring energy
- REST AND DIGEST
what is ganglion(a)
- collection of cell bodies outside CNS
where does the preganglionic cell body in CNS originate?
- lateral horn or brainstem
is the preganglionic axon myelinated or unmyelinated?
myelinated
where is the postganglionic cell body?
in autonomic ganglia
- effector organ
is the postganglionic axon myelinated or unmyelinated?
unmyelinated
Comparison of heart in sympathetic/ parasympathetic?
Sympathetic: increase heart rate, force contraction, blood pressure
parasympathetic: OPPOSITE
comparison of eye in sympathetic/ parasympathetic ?
sympathetic: dilate pupil
parasympathetic: constrict pupil
comparison of airways in sympathetic/parasympathetic?
sympathetic: increase airway diameter
parasympathetic: decrease airway diameter (OPPOSITE)
comparison of blood vessels in sympathetic/ parasympathetic?
sympathetic: decrease GIT blood flow, increase skeletal muscle blood flow
parasympathetic: NOT INNERVATED
comparison of GIT glands in sympathetic/ parasympathetic?
sympathetic: inhibition (decrease insulin production: pancreas)
parasympathetic: stimulation (increase insulin production: pancreas)
exception in sympathetic system?
preganglionic fibres to adrenal medulla
what is the endocrine system?
- hormone activity to coordinate cellular activities in distant tissues
what is a hormone (how is it transported?)
- chemical messengers released in one tissue and transported by bloodstream to alter activities of specific cell in other tissues
endocrine system and ANS work together for??
homeostasis
what is the hypophysis?
pituitary gland
how many hormones is the pituitary gland associated with?
approx. 9 hormones