L24: ANS & Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

difference between control of somatic and autonomic?

A

somatic: voluntary
autonomic: involuntary

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2
Q

for somatic and autonomic, how many neurons from spinal cord or brain stem?

A

somatic: 1 neuron from spinal cord
autonomic: 2 neurons from brain stem/ spinal cord

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3
Q

in somatic and autonomic, where are the cell bodies?

A

somatic: cell body in VENTRAL grey horn
autonomic: 1st cell body in LATERAL grey horn
both: OR motor cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem

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4
Q

where is the 2nd cell body of autonomic?

A

in peripheral ganglia

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5
Q

effector organs in somatic/ autonomic?

A

somatic: skeletal muscle
autonomic: smooth&cardiac muscle; secretory glands

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6
Q

effect of somatic/autonomic?

A

somatic: excitation
autonomic: excitation or inhibition

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7
Q

in the autonomic nervous system, what is sympathetic?

A
  • preparation for emergency

- FIGHT OR FLIGHT

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8
Q

in the autonomic nervous system, what is parasympathetic?

A
  • conserving/ restoring energy

- REST AND DIGEST

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9
Q

what is ganglion(a)

A
  • collection of cell bodies outside CNS
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10
Q

where does the preganglionic cell body in CNS originate?

A
  • lateral horn or brainstem
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11
Q

is the preganglionic axon myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

myelinated

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12
Q

where is the postganglionic cell body?

A

in autonomic ganglia

- effector organ

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13
Q

is the postganglionic axon myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

unmyelinated

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14
Q

Comparison of heart in sympathetic/ parasympathetic?

A

Sympathetic: increase heart rate, force contraction, blood pressure

parasympathetic: OPPOSITE

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15
Q

comparison of eye in sympathetic/ parasympathetic ?

A

sympathetic: dilate pupil
parasympathetic: constrict pupil

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16
Q

comparison of airways in sympathetic/parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic: increase airway diameter
parasympathetic: decrease airway diameter (OPPOSITE)

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17
Q

comparison of blood vessels in sympathetic/ parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic: decrease GIT blood flow, increase skeletal muscle blood flow
parasympathetic: NOT INNERVATED

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18
Q

comparison of GIT glands in sympathetic/ parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic: inhibition (decrease insulin production: pancreas)
parasympathetic: stimulation (increase insulin production: pancreas)

19
Q

exception in sympathetic system?

A

preganglionic fibres to adrenal medulla

20
Q

what is the endocrine system?

A
  • hormone activity to coordinate cellular activities in distant tissues
21
Q

what is a hormone (how is it transported?)

A
  • chemical messengers released in one tissue and transported by bloodstream to alter activities of specific cell in other tissues
22
Q

endocrine system and ANS work together for??

A

homeostasis

23
Q

what is the hypophysis?

A

pituitary gland

24
Q

how many hormones is the pituitary gland associated with?

A

approx. 9 hormones

25
in the pituitary gland, what does the glandular produce?
hormones
26
in the pituitary gland, what does the neural store?
hormones (extension of hypothalamus)
27
what is pars nervosa?
posterior pituitary
28
how many hormones is the pars nervosa associated with?
approx. 2 - it is technically part of the brain/hypothalamus
29
what produces antidiuretic hormone ADH?
neurons from the supraoptic nucleus
30
what does ADH stimulate?
- kidneys to reclaim more water from urine - raises blood pressure - involved in establishment of social bonds
31
which neurons produce oxytocin?
- neurons from the paraventricular nucleus
32
role of oxytocin?
- prompts smooth muscle contraction in reproductive tracts - initiates labor and milk from breast - involved in establishment of social bonds
33
what is pars distalis?
anterior pituitary
34
how many hormones is pars distalis associated with?
approx. 7
35
what does the growth hormone GH, stimulate?
- mitosis of cells (esp. musculoskeletal cells) | - liver to produce another hormone that stimulates growth of cartilage in epiphyseal plate
36
what does thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) regulate?
- regulates the release of thyroid hormone TH from thyroid gland
37
each adrenal gland is?
2 endocrine glands on one
38
what is more like a cluster or neurons and secretes adrenalin and noradrenalin?
adrenal medulla
39
how many layers of the adrenal cortex
3
40
what does the adrenal cortex secrete
- steroid hormones (lipid based) - corticosteroids - sex hormones
41
in the pancreas, what are exocrine (acinar) cells?
- form most of the gland | - secretion of pancreatic juices (digestive enzymes) into the duodenum for digestion
42
in the pancreas, what are the endocrine (islets of langerhans)?
- alpha cells secrete glucagon | - breakdown glycogen into glucose (increases blood sugar levels)
43
in the pancreas, what cells secrete insulin?
beta cells
44
in the pancreas, what lowers excessive blood sugar?
- cells take up glucose and storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver