L3: Functions, components, development and growth of the skeletal system Flashcards
Organs of the skeletal system? (hint: 4)
- bones
- cartilages
- ligaments
- bone marrow
tissues of the skeletal system?
- conncective tissues (including bone tissue)
cells of the skeletal system? (hint: 3)
- bone has osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts
what molecules/chemicals in extracellular matrix?
- ca^2+
mechanics of the skeletal system? (hint: 3)
- support
- protection
- movement
metabolic function of the skeletal system?
- nutrient store
- blood cell formation
minerals and lipids comprise what percentage of body’s calcium?
99%
what metabolic function is largely involved with the axial skeleton?
- blood cell formation (hematopoiesis or haemopoeisis)
how many bones in the axial skeleton? (adult)
80 bones (20 in the skull)
how many bones in the appendicular skeleton? (adult)
126 bones
classification of long bones?
- shaft with ends (femur,phalanges)
classification of short bones?
- square shaped (carpals, tarsals, sesamoid bones)
classification of flat bones?
- flat (sternum, scapula, ribs)
classification of irregular bones?
- irregular (vertebrae, os coxae, pneumatic bones)
ultimate causes of skeletal variation?
- environment
- genes
Bone is living …?
tissue
bone surfaces have many tiny ____. what for?
- foramina
- for blood supply (nutrient foramen)
what does hydroxyapatite account for?
- approx 65% dry weight of bone tissue
- stores/contains 99% of body’s calcium
what is the most abundant mineral in the body?
calcium
what gives bones brittleness?
hydroxyapatite
what does collagen account for/function?
- approx 30% of bone tissue
- gives bone flexibility
what are the membranes of bone? (hint: 2)
- periosteum
- endosteum
function of red bone marrow?
- blood cell forming
function of yellow bone marrow?
- fat packing/ storage
what kind of bone is described as lamellar?
-compact bone
what kind of bone is described as spongy?
- trabecular bone
what do dry bones consist of?
- only certain components of bone (they are not really bones at all)
- comprised of only bone matrix and are devoid of cells
function of osteoblasts?
- create bone matrix
function of osteocytes ?
- maintain bone matrix
function of osteoclasts?
- breakdown bone matrix
what percentage do bone cells account for of bone mass?
- only 2% (the rest is mostly matrix)
example of intramembranous bones?
- flat bones of the skull
- mandible
- clavicle
what is diarthrosis ?
- free movement
- only synovial
what do synovial joints consist of ?
- joint capsule (fibrous and synovial membrane)
- synovial fluid in joint cavity
- articular cartilage
- ligaments
Nonaxial synovial joints ?
- gliding
monoaxial (uniaxial) synovial joints?
- hinge
- pivot
biaxial synovial joints?
- ellipsoid
- saddle
triaxial (multiaxial) synovial joints?
- ball and socket
flexion/ extension occurs in which plane?
sagittal
flexion ___ the joint angle, extension ___ it?
- flexion decreases the joint angle, extension increases it
what plane do adduction and abduction occur?
- coronal plane
adduction moves a body part ___ the midline, abduction moves it ___?
- towards the midlide
- away from the midline
rotation occurs around what kind of axis?
a long axis