L3: Functions, components, development and growth of the skeletal system

Question 1

Organs of the skeletal system? (hint: 4)

Answer 1

• bones
• cartilages
• ligaments
• bone marrow

Question 2

tissues of the skeletal system?

Answer 2

• conncective tissues (including bone tissue)

Question 3

cells of the skeletal system? (hint: 3)

Answer 3

• bone has osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

Question 4

what molecules/chemicals in extracellular matrix?

Answer 4

• ca^2+

Question 5

mechanics of the skeletal system? (hint: 3)

Answer 5

• support
• protection
• movement

Question 6

metabolic function of the skeletal system?

Answer 6

• nutrient store

- blood cell formation

Question 7

minerals and lipids comprise what percentage of body’s calcium?

Answer 7

99%

Question 8

what metabolic function is largely involved with the axial skeleton?

Answer 8

• blood cell formation (hematopoiesis or haemopoeisis)

Question 9

how many bones in the axial skeleton? (adult)

Answer 9

80 bones (20 in the skull)

Question 10

how many bones in the appendicular skeleton? (adult)

Answer 10

126 bones

Question 11

classification of long bones?

Answer 11

• shaft with ends (femur,phalanges)

Question 12

classification of short bones?

Answer 12

• square shaped (carpals, tarsals, sesamoid bones)

Question 13

classification of flat bones?

Answer 13

• flat (sternum, scapula, ribs)

Question 14

classification of irregular bones?

Answer 14

• irregular (vertebrae, os coxae, pneumatic bones)

Question 15

ultimate causes of skeletal variation?

Answer 15

• environment

- genes

Question 16

Bone is living …?

Answer 16

tissue

Question 17

bone surfaces have many tiny ____. what for?

Answer 17

• foramina

- for blood supply (nutrient foramen)

Question 18

what does hydroxyapatite account for?

Answer 18

• approx 65% dry weight of bone tissue

- stores/contains 99% of body’s calcium

Question 19

what is the most abundant mineral in the body?

Answer 19

calcium

Question 20

what gives bones brittleness?

Answer 20

hydroxyapatite

Question 21

what does collagen account for/function?

Answer 21

• approx 30% of bone tissue

- gives bone flexibility

Question 22

what are the membranes of bone? (hint: 2)

Answer 22

• periosteum

- endosteum

Question 23

function of red bone marrow?

Answer 23

• blood cell forming

Question 24

function of yellow bone marrow?

Answer 24

• fat packing/ storage

Question 25

what kind of bone is described as lamellar?

Answer 25

-compact bone

Question 26

what kind of bone is described as spongy?

Answer 26

• trabecular bone

Question 27

what do dry bones consist of?

Answer 27

• only certain components of bone (they are not really bones at all)
• comprised of only bone matrix and are devoid of cells

Question 28

function of osteoblasts?

Answer 28

• create bone matrix

Question 29

function of osteocytes ?

Answer 29

• maintain bone matrix

Question 30

function of osteoclasts?

Answer 30

• breakdown bone matrix

Question 31

what percentage do bone cells account for of bone mass?

Answer 31

• only 2% (the rest is mostly matrix)

Question 32

example of intramembranous bones?

Answer 32

• flat bones of the skull
• mandible
• clavicle

Question 33

what is diarthrosis ?

Answer 33

• free movement

- only synovial

Question 34

what do synovial joints consist of ?

Answer 34

• joint capsule (fibrous and synovial membrane)
• synovial fluid in joint cavity
• articular cartilage
• ligaments

Question 35

Nonaxial synovial joints ?

Answer 35

• gliding

Question 36

monoaxial (uniaxial) synovial joints?

Answer 36

• hinge

- pivot

Question 37

biaxial synovial joints?

Answer 37

• ellipsoid

- saddle

Question 38

triaxial (multiaxial) synovial joints?

Answer 38

• ball and socket

Question 39

flexion/ extension occurs in which plane?

Answer 39

sagittal

Question 40

flexion ___ the joint angle, extension ___ it?

Answer 40

• flexion decreases the joint angle, extension increases it

Question 41

what plane do adduction and abduction occur?

Answer 41

• coronal plane

Question 42

adduction moves a body part ___ the midline, abduction moves it ___?

Answer 42

• towards the midlide

- away from the midline

Question 43

rotation occurs around what kind of axis?

Answer 43

a long axis