L13: Muscles of the vertebral column and trunk

Question 1

What part of the body are axial muscles?

Answer 1

• head and neck
• vertebral column
• thorax, abdomen, pelvis

Question 2

what are the different types of muscles of the vertebral column? (positions on body)

Answer 2

• posterior
• anterior
• lateral

Question 3

What position on the body are the suboccipital muscles?

Answer 3

• posterior

Question 4

Bilateral action of the suboccipital muscles?

Answer 4

• extend the head on the upper cervical spine

Question 5

unilateral action of the suboccipital muscles?

Answer 5

• ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion of the head

Question 6

what nerve innverates the suboccipital muscles?

Answer 6

• suboccipital nerve (C1 dorsal ramus)

Question 7

What position on the body are the segmental muscles?

Are they deep or superficial?

Answer 7

• Posterior: Deep

Question 8

What are the segmented muscles innervated by?

Answer 8

• dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 9

What are the segmental muscles?

Answer 9

• interspinales

- intertransversarii

Question 10

Function of segmental muscles?

Answer 10

• proprioceptive/ stabilisation

Question 11

Position of the transversospinales group on the body? Superficial or deep?

Answer 11

• Posterior: Deep

Question 12

What nerve innervates the transversospinales group?

Answer 12

• dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 13

what does the transversospinales group consist of?

Answer 13

1. rotatores (thoracic)
2. multifidus (lumbar)
3. semispinalis cervicis & capitis

Question 14

What occurs from bilateral action performed by the transversospinales group?

Answer 14

Extension

Extends vertebral column/ neck

Question 15

What position on the body are the erector spinae group? superficial or deep?

Answer 15

• Posterior: superficial

Question 16

what nerve innervates the erector spinae group?

Answer 16

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 17

what consists of the erector spinae group?

Answer 17

• iliocostalis
• longissimus
• spinales

Question 18

what occurs from bilateral and unilateral action of the erector spinae group perform?

Answer 18

• Bilateral action: extends neck and vertebral column

- Unilateral action: ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 19

what position on the body is the splenius? superficial or deep?

Answer 19

posterior: superficial

Question 20

what nerve innervates the splenius?

Answer 20

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 21

what consists of the splenius?

Answer 21

• splenius capitis

- splenius cervicis

Question 22

what occurs from bilateral action and unilateral action of the splenius?

Answer 22

• bilateral action: extends head/ neck

- unilateral action: ipsilateral rotation (turns head to same side)

Question 23

What position on the body is the longus capitis?

Answer 23

anterior

Question 24

what nerve innervates the longus capitis, longus cervicis, rectus capitis anterior and rectus capitis lateralis?

Answer 24

ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 25

unilateral action action of longus capitis?

Answer 25

• head and upper cervical spine flexion

- ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 26

unilateral action of longus cervicis?

Answer 26

• cervical spine flexion

- ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 27

what position are the scalenes on the vertebral column?

Answer 27

• lateral

Question 28

what nerve innervates the scalenes?

Answer 28

ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 29

what do the scalenes consist of?

Answer 29

• anterior scalene
• middle
• posterior

Question 30

what occurs from bilateral and unilateral action of the scalenes?

Answer 30

• bilateral action: cervical spine flexion, elevate ribs

- unilateral action: ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 31

what nerve innervates the serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior?

Answer 31

• intercostal nerves

Question 32

what completes the thoracic wall?

Answer 32

• 3 layers of intercostals (between ribs)

Question 33

what are the 3 layers of intercostals?

Answer 33

1. external intercostals (inspiration)
2. interal intercostals (expiration)
3. innermost intercostals

Question 34

what innervates the thoracic wall?

Answer 34

intercostal nerves

Question 35

what is the origin and insertion of the levator costarum?

Answer 35

Origin: tips of transverse processes (C7 & T1-T11)

Insertion: rib below

Question 36

what innervates the levator costarum?

Answer 36

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 37

what is the diaphragm?

Answer 37

• main muscle of inspiration

Question 38

what nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 38

• phrenic nerve

Question 39

What types of muscles (position on body) make up the abdominal wall and what nerve innervates them?

Answer 39

• posterior
• lateral
• anterior
  Innervation: ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 40

what are the posterior muscles of the abdominal wall

Answer 40

• quadratus lumborum

- psoas major (appendicular)

Question 41

what are the lateral muscles of the abdominal wall?

Answer 41

1. external oblique abdominal
2. internal oblique abdominal
3. transversus abdominis

Question 42

what position is the rectus abdominus and what is its function?

Answer 42

• anterior

- trunk flexion

Question 43

what are the tendinous intersections of the abdominal wall?

Answer 43

• linea alba

Question 44

what are the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall? (hint: 3)

Answer 44

1. external oblique abdominal
2. internal oblique abdominal
3. transversus abdominis