L2 DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY

Question 1

Superior/cranial?

Answer 1

• upper

- towards the head end of the body

Question 2

Inferior/ caudal?

Answer 2

• lower

- away from the head (the foot)

Question 3

anterior/ ventral? example?

Answer 3

• front (kneecap located on anterior side of leg)

Question 4

posterior/dorsal? example?

Answer 4

• back

- shoulder blades located on posterior side of body)

Question 5

medial? example?

Answer 5

• toward midline of body

- middle toe is located at medial side of foot

Question 6

lateral? example?

Answer 6

• away from midline

- little toe located at lateral side of foot

Question 7

proximal? example?

Answer 7

• toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part
• proximal end of the femur joins with pelvic bone

Question 8

distal? example?

Answer 8

• away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin
• hand is located at the distal end of the forearm

Question 9

Proximal vs Distal in Blood Vessels?

Answer 9

• In arteries, blood flows proximal to distal

- In veins, flow is distal to proximal

Question 10

unilateral?

Answer 10

• affecting only one side

Question 11

bilateral?

Answer 11

• affecting both right and left sides

Question 12

ipsilateral?

Answer 12

• affecting same side of the body

Question 13

contralateral

Answer 13

• affecting opposite sides of the body

Question 14

coronal plan (frontal plane) ?

Answer 14

• vertical plane running from side to side

- divides body into anterior and posterior portions

Question 15

sagittal plane (lateral plane)?

Answer 15

• vertical plane running from front to back

- divides body into right and left sides

Question 16

axial plane (transverse plane)?

Answer 16

• horizontal plane

- divides body into upper and lower parts

Question 17

midsagittal plane (median plane) ?

Answer 17

• passes from front to back through midline of body

- divides body into left and right halves

Question 18

oblique plane?

Answer 18

• slanted plane (not horizontal or vertical)

- passes through the body

Question 19

movements in the sagittal plane occur around?

Answer 19

a coronal axis

Question 20

functions of the sagittal plane? what kind of movements occur?

Answer 20

• divides the body into left and right parts

- forward and backwards movements of the body occur

Question 21

functions of the coronal plane? what kind of movements occur?

Answer 21

• divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

- lateral movements of the body occur

Question 22

movements in the coronal plane occur around a ___ axis?

Answer 22

sagittal

Question 23

functions of the transverse plane? what kind of movements occur?

Answer 23

• divides body into superior and inferior portions

- horizontal movements occur when body is in anatomical position

Question 24

movements in the transverse plane occur around a ___ axis?

Answer 24

longitudinal

Question 25

inversion?

Answer 25

turning the sole of the foot inward

Question 26

eversion?

Answer 26

turning the sole of the foot outward

Question 27

dorsiflexion?

Answer 27

ankle movement bringing the foot towards the shin

Question 28

plantarflexion?

Answer 28

ankle movement pointing the foot downward

Question 29

Anatomical terms apply to the ____ of movement, regardless of ____

Answer 29

direction, | final position