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ANAT > L27: Blood Vessels and Lymphatics > Flashcards

L27: Blood Vessels and Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

tunica intima =

A

smooth squamous epithelium forming smooth surface of lumen

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2
Q

tunica media =

A

circularly arranged smooth muscle cells

- contraction/relaxation changes vessel diameter

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3
Q

tunica externa =

A

outer protective connective tissue layer

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4
Q

arteries and veins have similar ___? but they vary in ___?

A
  • similar 3 layers

- vary in relative thickness

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5
Q

which has smaller lumen? arteries or veins?

A

arteries

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6
Q

which has a muscular wall and which has smooth muscles (arteries vs veins)

A

arteries: muscular wall
veins: smooth muscle

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7
Q

which contains elastic lamellae? (arteries vs veins)

A

arteries

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8
Q

in an elastic artery, what permits vessel walls to recoil to resist large pressures?

A

abundant elastic laminae

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9
Q

in muscular artery, what dominates the arterial wall ?

A

smooth muscle

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10
Q

which artery is conducting?

A

elastic

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11
Q

which artery is distributing?

A

muscular

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12
Q

veins have ___ blood pressure

A

low

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13
Q

infolds of ___ create valves

A

tunica intima

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14
Q

2 ____ originate at the base of the ascending aorta

A

coronary arteries

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15
Q

what are the 3 arteries that originate from the arch of the aorta

A
  1. brachiocephalic trunk
  2. left common carotid artery
  3. left subclavian artery
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16
Q

what supply the brain with a constant blood supply?

A
  • branches of the left & right internal carotids

- the left & right vertebral arteries

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17
Q

what is the common carotid

A

the external and internal carotid combined

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18
Q

what areas do the internal carotid branches supply blood to?

A
  • anterior and middle cerebral (brain)

- opthalmic (eyes)

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19
Q

what is the circle of willis?

A
  • anastomosis of arteries around sella turcica
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20
Q

where do the subclavian arteries continue into?

A

the upper limbs

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21
Q

the anterior thoracic and upper abdominal wall are supplied by branches of the ??

A
  • subclavian arteries = internal thoracic arteries
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22
Q

what are the three unpaired arteries that supply the gastrointestinal tract and spleen?

A
  1. celiac artery
  2. superior mesenteric artery
  3. inferior mesenteric artery
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23
Q

what are the three paired arteries that supply the gastrointestinal tract and spleen?

A
  1. suprarenal arteries
  2. renal arteries
  3. gonadal arteries
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24
Q

the abdominal aorta ens by dividing into 1.)_____, which in turn divide into 2.)_____?

A
  1. 2 common iliac arteries
  2. internal iliac arteries (pelvic organs, genitals)
    - external iliac arteries (lower limbs)
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25
Q

the external iliac artery emerges as ___?

A

femoral artery (hip joint, thigh muscles)

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26
Q

what artery supplies blood flow to the knee?

A

popliteal artery

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27
Q

what artery supplies blood flow to the anterior compartment of lower limb?

A

anterior tibial artery

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28
Q

which arteries does the anterior tibial artery branch to?

A
  1. dorsalis pedis artery (form plantar arch)

2. digital arteries (extend from plantar arch and supply the toes)

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29
Q

what artery supplies blood flow to the posterior compartment of the lower limb?

A

posterior tibial artery

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30
Q

which arteries does the posterior tibial artery branch to?

A
  1. fibular artery (lateral compartment leg muscles)

2. medial and lateral plantar arteries

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31
Q

deep veins of the systemic circulation usually accompany ___?

A

veins

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32
Q

superficial veins of the systemic circulation are located ___?

A

just below the skin

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33
Q

what does the body do for temperature control (systemic circulation)

A
  • shunt blood between the deep and superficial veins
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34
Q

how does systemic blood return to the heart?

A

via 3 veins

  1. superior vena cava
  2. inferior vena cava
  3. coronary sinus
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35
Q

role of superior vena cava

A
  • receives blood from body superior to diaphragm (except lungs)
  • drains into right atrium
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36
Q

role of inferior vena cava

A
  • receives most blood from body inferior to diaphragm

- drains into right atrium

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37
Q

where does the coronary sinus receive blood from?

A

the heart

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38
Q

the abdominal wall, the gonads, the liver, the kidneys, the suprarenal glands and the diaphragm are drained by the ?

A

inferior vena cava

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39
Q

what does the hepatic portal vein drain?

A

the visceral organs within the abdominal cavity

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40
Q

what are the 6 major veins the abdominal portion of the inferior vena cava collects blood from

A
  1. lumbar veins
  2. gonadal veins
  3. hepatic veins
  4. renal veins
  5. suprarenal veins
  6. phrenic veins
41
Q

what is the hepatic portal system?

A

a network of veins that carries blood from the GI tract to the liver

42
Q

the hepatic portal system carries venous blood from?

A

the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver, before it returns to the inferior vena cava and heart

43
Q

what are the 2 blood supplies for the liver

A
  1. the hepatic portal vein (contains oxygen poor blood, drains only unpaired organs)
  2. hepatic artery proper (contains oxygen rich blood)
44
Q

the inferior mesenteric vein drains?

A

the distal part of the large intestine

45
Q

the inferior mesenteric vein receives blood from?

A
  • superior rectal vein
  • sigmoid veins
  • left colic vein
46
Q

what does the splenic vein drain?

A

the spleen

47
Q

the splenic vein receives blood from?

A
  • pancreatic veins
  • short gastric veins
  • right gastroepiploic vein
48
Q

what does the superior mesenteric vein drain?

A
  • the small intestine

- part of the large intestine

49
Q

the superior mesenteric vein receives blood from?

A
  • intestinal veins, pancreaticodueodenal veins
  • ileocolic vein
  • right + middle colic veins
50
Q

what are the superficial veins of the upper limb?

A
  1. basilic vein
  2. cephalic vein
  3. median cubital vein
51
Q

position of basilic vein

A

runs adjacent to the medial surface of the upper limb

52
Q

the basilic vein eventually helps form the?

A

axillary vein

53
Q

what is the cephalic vein

A
  • runs alongside lateral aspect of upper limb

- drains into axillary vein

54
Q

what does the median cubital vein interconnect

A

interconnects the basilic and cephalic veins

55
Q

which deep veins of the upper limb drain into the radial veins and ulnar veins

A

the digital veins; superficial & deep palmar venous arches

56
Q

the radial and ulnar veins merge to form a pair of ?

A

brachial veins

57
Q

brachial veins and the basilic vein merge to form the ?

A

axillary vein

58
Q

the axillary vein is renamed the ?

A

subclavian vein (first ribs)

59
Q

the dorsal venous arch drains into?

A
  1. great saphenous veins

2. small saphenous vein

60
Q

great saphenous drains into?

A

femoral vein

61
Q

small saphenous drains into?

A

popliteal

62
Q

the digital veins drain into the ?

A

medial and lateral plantar veins

63
Q

medial and lateral plantar veins drain into?

A

posterior tibial veins

64
Q

fibular veins drain into?

A

posterior tibial veints

65
Q

tibial veins merge to create the?

A

popliteal vein

66
Q

external and internal iliac veins merge into the ?

A

common iliac vein

67
Q

the common iliac veins merge to form the ?

A

inferior vena cava

68
Q

what is lymph

A

excess interstitial fluid

69
Q

in the lymphatic syste, why is lymph returned to the systemic venous system?

A

to maintain blood volume and fluid levels

70
Q

what does lymph transport?

A

nutrients, oxygen and hormones required by the cells

71
Q

why must lymph be filtered?

A

to check for foreign or pathological materials

72
Q

how does lymph fight infections by foreign bodies

A

via lymphocytes: cells essential to the immune response

73
Q

role of lymphatic vessels?

A

transport

74
Q

lymphoid organs?

A
  • red bone marrow (produces lymphocytes)
  • thymus (maturation of t-lymphocytes)
  • spleen (monitors blood)
  • lymph nodes (monitors lymph)
75
Q

what is interstitial fluid

A

components of blood plasma filter through blood capillaries

76
Q

which is more permeable: lymphatic capillaries or blood capillaries?

A

lymphatic capillaries

77
Q

excess interstitial fluid flows into?

A

lymphatic capillaries

78
Q

ducts return lymph to the venous circulation at junction of?

A

internal jugular and subclavian veins

79
Q

function of right lymphatic duct?

A
  • drains right side of head, neck, right upper limbs, and right side of thorax
80
Q

function of thoracic duct?

A
  • drains left side of head, neck, left upper limb, left thorax
  • all body regions inferior to diaphragm (including right lower limb/right side of abdomen)
81
Q

what are tonsils?/role?

A
  • patches of lymphatic tissue found at the entrance of the pharynx
  • protection against ingested and inhaled pathogens
82
Q

pharyngeal tonsils are in?

A

the posterior wall of the nasopharynx

83
Q

palatine tonsils are in?

A

the posterolateral region of the oral cavity

84
Q

lingual tonsils are along the?

A

posterior one-third of the tongue

85
Q

what is the thymus? location?

A

a bilobed organ located in the anterior mediastinum

86
Q

in infants and large children, the thymus is quite large and extends into?

A

the superior mediastinum as well

87
Q

cells of the thymus regress after ___, and it is eventually replaced by ____?

A
  1. puberty

2. adipose connective tissue

88
Q

in adults, the thymus ___ and becomes almost ____?

A
  1. atrophies

2. nonfunctional

89
Q

what is the largest lymphatic organ

A

the spleen

90
Q

where is the spleen located

A

upper left quadrant of abdomen

91
Q

what does the spleen contain

A

lymphocytes
white pulp
red pulp

92
Q

role of white pulp

A
  • initiates immune response when antigens detected in blood (antigen reservoir); phagocytizes bacteria and foreign materials
93
Q

role of red pulp?

A

reservoir for erythrocytes and platelets; phagocytizes old, defective erythrocytes ad platelets

94
Q

blood capillaries lose fluid to?

A

tissue spaces

95
Q

the lympathic system picks up excess ____ and returns it to the ___?

A
  1. tissue

2. bloodstream

96
Q

the lymph flows from the?

A

lymphatic capillaries through collective vessels, lymphatic trunks, collective ducts, and is filtered through multiple lymph nodes before re-entering the bloodstream at the subclavian veins

97
Q

the lymphatic system flows at ___ and ___ than the venous blood

A
  1. lower pressure

2. speed

98
Q

the valves of the lymphatic vessels, like those of the veins, prevent what?

A

fluid from flowing back

ANAT (31 decks)

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