L27: Blood Vessels and Lymphatics Flashcards
tunica intima =
smooth squamous epithelium forming smooth surface of lumen
tunica media =
circularly arranged smooth muscle cells
- contraction/relaxation changes vessel diameter
tunica externa =
outer protective connective tissue layer
arteries and veins have similar ___? but they vary in ___?
- similar 3 layers
- vary in relative thickness
which has smaller lumen? arteries or veins?
arteries
which has a muscular wall and which has smooth muscles (arteries vs veins)
arteries: muscular wall
veins: smooth muscle
which contains elastic lamellae? (arteries vs veins)
arteries
in an elastic artery, what permits vessel walls to recoil to resist large pressures?
abundant elastic laminae
in muscular artery, what dominates the arterial wall ?
smooth muscle
which artery is conducting?
elastic
which artery is distributing?
muscular
veins have ___ blood pressure
low
infolds of ___ create valves
tunica intima
2 ____ originate at the base of the ascending aorta
coronary arteries
what are the 3 arteries that originate from the arch of the aorta
- brachiocephalic trunk
- left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery
what supply the brain with a constant blood supply?
- branches of the left & right internal carotids
- the left & right vertebral arteries
what is the common carotid
the external and internal carotid combined
what areas do the internal carotid branches supply blood to?
- anterior and middle cerebral (brain)
- opthalmic (eyes)
what is the circle of willis?
- anastomosis of arteries around sella turcica
where do the subclavian arteries continue into?
the upper limbs
the anterior thoracic and upper abdominal wall are supplied by branches of the ??
- subclavian arteries = internal thoracic arteries
what are the three unpaired arteries that supply the gastrointestinal tract and spleen?
- celiac artery
- superior mesenteric artery
- inferior mesenteric artery
what are the three paired arteries that supply the gastrointestinal tract and spleen?
- suprarenal arteries
- renal arteries
- gonadal arteries
the abdominal aorta ens by dividing into 1.)_____, which in turn divide into 2.)_____?
- 2 common iliac arteries
- internal iliac arteries (pelvic organs, genitals)
- external iliac arteries (lower limbs)
the external iliac artery emerges as ___?
femoral artery (hip joint, thigh muscles)
what artery supplies blood flow to the knee?
popliteal artery
what artery supplies blood flow to the anterior compartment of lower limb?
anterior tibial artery
which arteries does the anterior tibial artery branch to?
- dorsalis pedis artery (form plantar arch)
2. digital arteries (extend from plantar arch and supply the toes)
what artery supplies blood flow to the posterior compartment of the lower limb?
posterior tibial artery
which arteries does the posterior tibial artery branch to?
- fibular artery (lateral compartment leg muscles)
2. medial and lateral plantar arteries
deep veins of the systemic circulation usually accompany ___?
veins
superficial veins of the systemic circulation are located ___?
just below the skin
what does the body do for temperature control (systemic circulation)
- shunt blood between the deep and superficial veins
how does systemic blood return to the heart?
via 3 veins
- superior vena cava
- inferior vena cava
- coronary sinus
role of superior vena cava
- receives blood from body superior to diaphragm (except lungs)
- drains into right atrium
role of inferior vena cava
- receives most blood from body inferior to diaphragm
- drains into right atrium
where does the coronary sinus receive blood from?
the heart
the abdominal wall, the gonads, the liver, the kidneys, the suprarenal glands and the diaphragm are drained by the ?
inferior vena cava
what does the hepatic portal vein drain?
the visceral organs within the abdominal cavity
what are the 6 major veins the abdominal portion of the inferior vena cava collects blood from
- lumbar veins
- gonadal veins
- hepatic veins
- renal veins
- suprarenal veins
- phrenic veins
what is the hepatic portal system?
a network of veins that carries blood from the GI tract to the liver
the hepatic portal system carries venous blood from?
the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver, before it returns to the inferior vena cava and heart
what are the 2 blood supplies for the liver
- the hepatic portal vein (contains oxygen poor blood, drains only unpaired organs)
- hepatic artery proper (contains oxygen rich blood)
the inferior mesenteric vein drains?
the distal part of the large intestine
the inferior mesenteric vein receives blood from?
- superior rectal vein
- sigmoid veins
- left colic vein
what does the splenic vein drain?
the spleen
the splenic vein receives blood from?
- pancreatic veins
- short gastric veins
- right gastroepiploic vein
what does the superior mesenteric vein drain?
- the small intestine
- part of the large intestine
the superior mesenteric vein receives blood from?
- intestinal veins, pancreaticodueodenal veins
- ileocolic vein
- right + middle colic veins
what are the superficial veins of the upper limb?
- basilic vein
- cephalic vein
- median cubital vein
position of basilic vein
runs adjacent to the medial surface of the upper limb
the basilic vein eventually helps form the?
axillary vein
what is the cephalic vein
- runs alongside lateral aspect of upper limb
- drains into axillary vein
what does the median cubital vein interconnect
interconnects the basilic and cephalic veins
which deep veins of the upper limb drain into the radial veins and ulnar veins
the digital veins; superficial & deep palmar venous arches
the radial and ulnar veins merge to form a pair of ?
brachial veins
brachial veins and the basilic vein merge to form the ?
axillary vein
the axillary vein is renamed the ?
subclavian vein (first ribs)
the dorsal venous arch drains into?
- great saphenous veins
2. small saphenous vein
great saphenous drains into?
femoral vein
small saphenous drains into?
popliteal
the digital veins drain into the ?
medial and lateral plantar veins
medial and lateral plantar veins drain into?
posterior tibial veins
fibular veins drain into?
posterior tibial veints
tibial veins merge to create the?
popliteal vein
external and internal iliac veins merge into the ?
common iliac vein
the common iliac veins merge to form the ?
inferior vena cava
what is lymph
excess interstitial fluid
in the lymphatic syste, why is lymph returned to the systemic venous system?
to maintain blood volume and fluid levels
what does lymph transport?
nutrients, oxygen and hormones required by the cells
why must lymph be filtered?
to check for foreign or pathological materials
how does lymph fight infections by foreign bodies
via lymphocytes: cells essential to the immune response
role of lymphatic vessels?
transport
lymphoid organs?
- red bone marrow (produces lymphocytes)
- thymus (maturation of t-lymphocytes)
- spleen (monitors blood)
- lymph nodes (monitors lymph)
what is interstitial fluid
components of blood plasma filter through blood capillaries
which is more permeable: lymphatic capillaries or blood capillaries?
lymphatic capillaries
excess interstitial fluid flows into?
lymphatic capillaries
ducts return lymph to the venous circulation at junction of?
internal jugular and subclavian veins
function of right lymphatic duct?
- drains right side of head, neck, right upper limbs, and right side of thorax
function of thoracic duct?
- drains left side of head, neck, left upper limb, left thorax
- all body regions inferior to diaphragm (including right lower limb/right side of abdomen)
what are tonsils?/role?
- patches of lymphatic tissue found at the entrance of the pharynx
- protection against ingested and inhaled pathogens
pharyngeal tonsils are in?
the posterior wall of the nasopharynx
palatine tonsils are in?
the posterolateral region of the oral cavity
lingual tonsils are along the?
posterior one-third of the tongue
what is the thymus? location?
a bilobed organ located in the anterior mediastinum
in infants and large children, the thymus is quite large and extends into?
the superior mediastinum as well
cells of the thymus regress after ___, and it is eventually replaced by ____?
- puberty
2. adipose connective tissue
in adults, the thymus ___ and becomes almost ____?
- atrophies
2. nonfunctional
what is the largest lymphatic organ
the spleen
where is the spleen located
upper left quadrant of abdomen
what does the spleen contain
lymphocytes
white pulp
red pulp
role of white pulp
- initiates immune response when antigens detected in blood (antigen reservoir); phagocytizes bacteria and foreign materials
role of red pulp?
reservoir for erythrocytes and platelets; phagocytizes old, defective erythrocytes ad platelets
blood capillaries lose fluid to?
tissue spaces
the lympathic system picks up excess ____ and returns it to the ___?
- tissue
2. bloodstream
the lymph flows from the?
lymphatic capillaries through collective vessels, lymphatic trunks, collective ducts, and is filtered through multiple lymph nodes before re-entering the bloodstream at the subclavian veins
the lymphatic system flows at ___ and ___ than the venous blood
- lower pressure
2. speed
the valves of the lymphatic vessels, like those of the veins, prevent what?
fluid from flowing back
