L27: Blood Vessels and Lymphatics Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
tunica intima =
A
smooth squamous epithelium forming smooth surface of lumen
2
Q
tunica media =
A
circularly arranged smooth muscle cells
- contraction/relaxation changes vessel diameter
3
Q
tunica externa =
A
outer protective connective tissue layer
4
Q
arteries and veins have similar ___? but they vary in ___?
A
- similar 3 layers
- vary in relative thickness
5
Q
which has smaller lumen? arteries or veins?
A
arteries
6
Q
which has a muscular wall and which has smooth muscles (arteries vs veins)
A
arteries: muscular wall
veins: smooth muscle
7
Q
which contains elastic lamellae? (arteries vs veins)
A
arteries
8
Q
in an elastic artery, what permits vessel walls to recoil to resist large pressures?
A
abundant elastic laminae
9
Q
in muscular artery, what dominates the arterial wall ?
A
smooth muscle
10
Q
which artery is conducting?
A
elastic
11
Q
which artery is distributing?
A
muscular
12
Q
veins have ___ blood pressure
A
low
13
Q
infolds of ___ create valves
A
tunica intima
14
Q
2 ____ originate at the base of the ascending aorta
A
coronary arteries
15
Q
what are the 3 arteries that originate from the arch of the aorta
A
- brachiocephalic trunk
- left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery
16
Q
what supply the brain with a constant blood supply?
A
- branches of the left & right internal carotids
- the left & right vertebral arteries
17
Q
what is the common carotid
A
the external and internal carotid combined
18
Q
what areas do the internal carotid branches supply blood to?
A
- anterior and middle cerebral (brain)
- opthalmic (eyes)
19
Q
what is the circle of willis?
A
- anastomosis of arteries around sella turcica
20
Q
where do the subclavian arteries continue into?
A
the upper limbs
21
Q
the anterior thoracic and upper abdominal wall are supplied by branches of the ??
A
- subclavian arteries = internal thoracic arteries
22
Q
what are the three unpaired arteries that supply the gastrointestinal tract and spleen?
A
- celiac artery
- superior mesenteric artery
- inferior mesenteric artery
23
Q
what are the three paired arteries that supply the gastrointestinal tract and spleen?
A
- suprarenal arteries
- renal arteries
- gonadal arteries
24
Q
the abdominal aorta ens by dividing into 1.)_____, which in turn divide into 2.)_____?
A
- 2 common iliac arteries
- internal iliac arteries (pelvic organs, genitals)
- external iliac arteries (lower limbs)
25
the external iliac artery emerges as ___?
femoral artery (hip joint, thigh muscles)
26
what artery supplies blood flow to the knee?
popliteal artery
27
what artery supplies blood flow to the anterior compartment of lower limb?
anterior tibial artery
28
which arteries does the anterior tibial artery branch to?
1. dorsalis pedis artery (form plantar arch)
| 2. digital arteries (extend from plantar arch and supply the toes)
29
what artery supplies blood flow to the posterior compartment of the lower limb?
posterior tibial artery
30
which arteries does the posterior tibial artery branch to?
1. fibular artery (lateral compartment leg muscles)
| 2. medial and lateral plantar arteries
31
deep veins of the systemic circulation usually accompany ___?
veins
32
superficial veins of the systemic circulation are located ___?
just below the skin
33
what does the body do for temperature control (systemic circulation)
- shunt blood between the deep and superficial veins
34
how does systemic blood return to the heart?
via 3 veins
1. superior vena cava
2. inferior vena cava
3. coronary sinus
35
role of superior vena cava
- receives blood from body superior to diaphragm (except lungs)
- drains into right atrium
36
role of inferior vena cava
- receives most blood from body inferior to diaphragm
| - drains into right atrium
37
where does the coronary sinus receive blood from?
the heart
38
the abdominal wall, the gonads, the liver, the kidneys, the suprarenal glands and the diaphragm are drained by the ?
inferior vena cava
39
what does the hepatic portal vein drain?
the visceral organs within the abdominal cavity
40
what are the 6 major veins the abdominal portion of the inferior vena cava collects blood from
1. lumbar veins
2. gonadal veins
3. hepatic veins
4. renal veins
5. suprarenal veins
6. phrenic veins
41
what is the hepatic portal system?
a network of veins that carries blood from the GI tract to the liver
42
the hepatic portal system carries venous blood from?
the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver, before it returns to the inferior vena cava and heart
43
what are the 2 blood supplies for the liver
1. the hepatic portal vein (contains oxygen poor blood, drains only unpaired organs)
2. hepatic artery proper (contains oxygen rich blood)
44
the inferior mesenteric vein drains?
the distal part of the large intestine
45
the inferior mesenteric vein receives blood from?
- superior rectal vein
- sigmoid veins
- left colic vein
46
what does the splenic vein drain?
the spleen
47
the splenic vein receives blood from?
- pancreatic veins
- short gastric veins
- right gastroepiploic vein
48
what does the superior mesenteric vein drain?
- the small intestine
| - part of the large intestine
49
the superior mesenteric vein receives blood from?
- intestinal veins, pancreaticodueodenal veins
- ileocolic vein
- right + middle colic veins
50
what are the superficial veins of the upper limb?
1. basilic vein
2. cephalic vein
3. median cubital vein
51
position of basilic vein
runs adjacent to the medial surface of the upper limb
52
the basilic vein eventually helps form the?
axillary vein
53
what is the cephalic vein
- runs alongside lateral aspect of upper limb
| - drains into axillary vein
54
what does the median cubital vein interconnect
interconnects the basilic and cephalic veins
55
which deep veins of the upper limb drain into the radial veins and ulnar veins
the digital veins; superficial & deep palmar venous arches
56
the radial and ulnar veins merge to form a pair of ?
brachial veins
57
brachial veins and the basilic vein merge to form the ?
axillary vein
58
the axillary vein is renamed the ?
subclavian vein (first ribs)
59
the dorsal venous arch drains into?
1. great saphenous veins
| 2. small saphenous vein
60
great saphenous drains into?
femoral vein
61
small saphenous drains into?
popliteal
62
the digital veins drain into the ?
medial and lateral plantar veins
63
medial and lateral plantar veins drain into?
posterior tibial veins
64
fibular veins drain into?
posterior tibial veints
65
tibial veins merge to create the?
popliteal vein
66
external and internal iliac veins merge into the ?
common iliac vein
67
the common iliac veins merge to form the ?
inferior vena cava
68
what is lymph
excess interstitial fluid
69
in the lymphatic syste, why is lymph returned to the systemic venous system?
to maintain blood volume and fluid levels
70
what does lymph transport?
nutrients, oxygen and hormones required by the cells
71
why must lymph be filtered?
to check for foreign or pathological materials
72
how does lymph fight infections by foreign bodies
via lymphocytes: cells essential to the immune response
73
role of lymphatic vessels?
transport
74
lymphoid organs?
- red bone marrow (produces lymphocytes)
- thymus (maturation of t-lymphocytes)
- spleen (monitors blood)
- lymph nodes (monitors lymph)
75
what is interstitial fluid
components of blood plasma filter through blood capillaries
76
which is more permeable: lymphatic capillaries or blood capillaries?
lymphatic capillaries
77
excess interstitial fluid flows into?
lymphatic capillaries
78
ducts return lymph to the venous circulation at junction of?
internal jugular and subclavian veins
79
function of right lymphatic duct?
- drains right side of head, neck, right upper limbs, and right side of thorax
80
function of thoracic duct?
- drains left side of head, neck, left upper limb, left thorax
- all body regions inferior to diaphragm (including right lower limb/right side of abdomen)
81
what are tonsils?/role?
- patches of lymphatic tissue found at the entrance of the pharynx
- protection against ingested and inhaled pathogens
82
pharyngeal tonsils are in?
the posterior wall of the nasopharynx
83
palatine tonsils are in?
the posterolateral region of the oral cavity
84
lingual tonsils are along the?
posterior one-third of the tongue
85
what is the thymus? location?
a bilobed organ located in the anterior mediastinum
86
in infants and large children, the thymus is quite large and extends into?
the superior mediastinum as well
87
cells of the thymus regress after ___, and it is eventually replaced by ____?
1. puberty
| 2. adipose connective tissue
88
in adults, the thymus ___ and becomes almost ____?
1. atrophies
| 2. nonfunctional
89
what is the largest lymphatic organ
the spleen
90
where is the spleen located
upper left quadrant of abdomen
91
what does the spleen contain
lymphocytes
white pulp
red pulp
92
role of white pulp
- initiates immune response when antigens detected in blood (antigen reservoir); phagocytizes bacteria and foreign materials
93
role of red pulp?
reservoir for erythrocytes and platelets; phagocytizes old, defective erythrocytes ad platelets
94
blood capillaries lose fluid to?
tissue spaces
95
the lympathic system picks up excess ____ and returns it to the ___?
1. tissue
| 2. bloodstream
96
the lymph flows from the?
lymphatic capillaries through collective vessels, lymphatic trunks, collective ducts, and is filtered through multiple lymph nodes before re-entering the bloodstream at the subclavian veins
97
the lymphatic system flows at ___ and ___ than the venous blood
1. lower pressure
| 2. speed
98
the valves of the lymphatic vessels, like those of the veins, prevent what?
fluid from flowing back
