L35: Female Reproductive System Flashcards
at puberty, the hypothalamus increases secretion of what hormone?
gonadotropin hormone (GH)
GH stimulated secretion of what hormones?
- follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- luteinizing hormone
which hormone is the sex characteristic
estrogen
role of progesterone?
prepares uterus for implantation and mammary glands for lactation
where is the recto-uterine pouch (pouch of douglas)?
- between uterus and rectum
- continuous with pararectal fossae
where is the vesico-uterine pouch?
- between uterus and bladder
- continuous with paravesical fossae
where are oocytes developed?
ovaries
what is the only intraperitoneal organ in the female reproductive system?
ovaries
do the ovaries anchor to the fallopian tubes directly?
no
how are the ovaries anchored to the body wall?
via broad ligament
how are the ovaries anchored to the outer layer of the uterus?
ovarian ligaments
what attaches to the lateral edge of each ovary and projects superolaterally to the pelvic wall?
suspensory ligament
what is the mesovarium?
the part of the broad ligament covering the ovary at the hilum
what occurs to bring the ovaries closer to the uterine tube openings?
smooth muscle fibers within the mesovarium and the suspensory ligament contract during ovulation
what is the early primary follicle?
ovum covered by single layer of follicular cells
what is late primary follicle?
ovum covered by multiple layers of follicular cells
what is secondary (antral) follicle
follicular layer contains fluid
what is the tertiary mature follicle?
the graafian follicle after ovulation
what is the ovarian epithelium (or germinal epithelium)
the outermost layer
what is the tunica albuginea?
connective tissue below the ovarian epithelium
the ovarian cortex consists of ____ , whereas the medulla consists of ____,____, and ____?
- ovarian follicles
2. blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves
release of the ovum is called?
ovulation
what consists of the infundibulum, ambullary region, isthmus, and interstitial?
uterine (fallopian) tubes
what kind of organ are the fallopian tubes?
- paired
- retroperitoneal
what occurs in the lateral parts of the fallopian tubes?
- fertilization of secondary oocyte
- pre-embryo beings to develop as it moves towards the uterus
- unfertilized oocytes degenerate
what is mucosa?
- formed from ciliated columnar epithelium and a layer of areolar connective tissue
- folds reduce the size of uterine tube lumen
what is muscularis?
- composed of inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells
- peristaltic contractions propel secondary oocyte, or pre-embryo through uterine tube toward uterus
what is serosa
external membrane covering the uterine tube
what consists of the fundus, cervix, and cervical os?
uterus
what is the endometrium?
(5mm)
- inner mucous layer that is firmly adherent to underlying muscular layer
- it is shed during menstruation
what is the myometrium?
- 5cm
- middle muscular layer (smooth) with great thickness
- generates contractile forces needed for expulsion during labor
what is the perimetrium?
- outer serous layer comprised of peritoneum and thin layer of visceral endopelvic fascia (continuous broad ligament)
what is the elastic, muscular tube lined by stratified squamous epithelium?
vagina
what creates the anterior and posterior fornix?
projection of cervix into vagina
role of alveoli?
increase with pregnancy
- produce milk
what drains milk from lobe to sinus
lactiferous ducts
what is lactiferous sinuses?
- expanded end of ducts near nipple
- milk storage prior to release from nipple
what are prolactin and oxytocin?
prolactin: stimulates production of milk
oxytocin: milk ejection
