L35: Female Reproductive System

Question 1

at puberty, the hypothalamus increases secretion of what hormone?

Answer 1

gonadotropin hormone (GH)

Question 2

GH stimulated secretion of what hormones?

Answer 2

• follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

- luteinizing hormone

Question 3

which hormone is the sex characteristic

Answer 3

estrogen

Question 4

role of progesterone?

Answer 4

prepares uterus for implantation and mammary glands for lactation

Question 5

where is the recto-uterine pouch (pouch of douglas)?

Answer 5

• between uterus and rectum

- continuous with pararectal fossae

Question 6

where is the vesico-uterine pouch?

Answer 6

• between uterus and bladder

- continuous with paravesical fossae

Question 7

where are oocytes developed?

Answer 7

ovaries

Question 8

what is the only intraperitoneal organ in the female reproductive system?

Answer 8

ovaries

Question 9

do the ovaries anchor to the fallopian tubes directly?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

how are the ovaries anchored to the body wall?

Answer 10

via broad ligament

Question 11

how are the ovaries anchored to the outer layer of the uterus?

Answer 11

ovarian ligaments

Question 12

what attaches to the lateral edge of each ovary and projects superolaterally to the pelvic wall?

Answer 12

suspensory ligament

Question 13

what is the mesovarium?

Answer 13

the part of the broad ligament covering the ovary at the hilum

Question 14

what occurs to bring the ovaries closer to the uterine tube openings?

Answer 14

smooth muscle fibers within the mesovarium and the suspensory ligament contract during ovulation

Question 15

what is the early primary follicle?

Answer 15

ovum covered by single layer of follicular cells

Question 16

what is late primary follicle?

Answer 16

ovum covered by multiple layers of follicular cells

Question 17

what is secondary (antral) follicle

Answer 17

follicular layer contains fluid

Question 18

what is the tertiary mature follicle?

Answer 18

the graafian follicle after ovulation

Question 19

what is the ovarian epithelium (or germinal epithelium)

Answer 19

the outermost layer

Question 20

what is the tunica albuginea?

Answer 20

connective tissue below the ovarian epithelium

Question 21

the ovarian cortex consists of ____ , whereas the medulla consists of ____,____, and ____?

Answer 21

1. ovarian follicles

2. blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

Question 22

release of the ovum is called?

Answer 22

ovulation

Question 23

what consists of the infundibulum, ambullary region, isthmus, and interstitial?

Answer 23

uterine (fallopian) tubes

Question 24

what kind of organ are the fallopian tubes?

Answer 24

• paired

- retroperitoneal

Question 25

what occurs in the lateral parts of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 25

• fertilization of secondary oocyte
• pre-embryo beings to develop as it moves towards the uterus
• unfertilized oocytes degenerate

Question 26

what is mucosa?

Answer 26

• formed from ciliated columnar epithelium and a layer of areolar connective tissue
• folds reduce the size of uterine tube lumen

Question 27

what is muscularis?

Answer 27

• composed of inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells
• peristaltic contractions propel secondary oocyte, or pre-embryo through uterine tube toward uterus

Question 28

what is serosa

Answer 28

external membrane covering the uterine tube

Question 29

what consists of the fundus, cervix, and cervical os?

Answer 29

uterus

Question 30

what is the endometrium?

Answer 30

(5mm)
- inner mucous layer that is firmly adherent to underlying muscular layer
- it is shed during menstruation

Question 31

what is the myometrium?

Answer 31

1. 5cm
   - middle muscular layer (smooth) with great thickness
   - generates contractile forces needed for expulsion during labor

Question 32

what is the perimetrium?

Answer 32

• outer serous layer comprised of peritoneum and thin layer of visceral endopelvic fascia (continuous broad ligament)

Question 33

what is the elastic, muscular tube lined by stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 33

vagina

Question 34

what creates the anterior and posterior fornix?

Answer 34

projection of cervix into vagina

Question 35

role of alveoli?

Answer 35

increase with pregnancy

- produce milk

Question 36

what drains milk from lobe to sinus

Answer 36

lactiferous ducts

Question 37

what is lactiferous sinuses?

Answer 37

• expanded end of ducts near nipple

- milk storage prior to release from nipple

Question 38

what are prolactin and oxytocin?

Answer 38

prolactin: stimulates production of milk
oxytocin: milk ejection