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ANAT > L15: Muscles of the Forearm and Hand > Flashcards

L15: Muscles of the Forearm and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two compartments of the forearm?

A
  • Flexor/anteromedial compartment

- extensor/ posterolateral compartment

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2
Q

Flex the wrist =

A

flexor carpi

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3
Q

flex digits 2-5 =

A

flexor digitorum

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4
Q

flex the pollex =

A

flexor pollicis longus

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5
Q

pronate the forearm =

A

pronator

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6
Q

extend the wrist =

A

extensor carpi

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7
Q

extend the digits =

A

extensor digitorum/ extensor indices/ extensor digiti minimi

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8
Q

extend the pollex =

A

extensor pollicis longus

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9
Q

abduct the pollex =

A

abductor pollicis longus

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10
Q

supinate the forearm =

A

supinator

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11
Q

what muscles are on the superficial layer of the flexor (anteromedial) compartment?

A
  • pronator teres
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
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12
Q

what muscles are in the intermediate layer of the flexor (anteromedial) compartment

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
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13
Q

what muscles are in the deep layer of the flexor (anteromedial) compartment?

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • pronator quadratus
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14
Q

common origin of superficial flexor layer muscles?

A
  • medial epicondyle of humerus; PT also coronoid process of ulna, FCU also olecranon process
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15
Q

Origin/insertion of pronator teres?

A
  • medial epicondyle of humerus
  • coronoid process of ulna

insertion: lateral midshaft radius

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16
Q

origin/insertion of flexor carpi radialis?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

insertion: bases of metacarpal 2 and 3

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17
Q

origin/insertion of palmaris longus?

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

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18
Q

origin/insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, also olecranon process
insertion: pisiform bone, hamate bone, and base of metacarpal 5

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19
Q

what layer is the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

intermediate flexor layer

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20
Q

structure of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A
  • gives rise to four tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel in two pairs - one superficial to the other
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21
Q

origin/ insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and adjacent anterior surfaces of ulna and radius
insertion: mid-lateral surfaces of middle phalanges of fingers 2-5

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22
Q

what layer is the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

deep flexor layer

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23
Q

structure of flexor digitorum profundus?

A
  • gives rise to four tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel side-by-side
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24
Q

origin of flexor digitorum profundus?

A
  • medial and posterior surfaces of ulna, medial surface of coronoid process, and interosseous membrane
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25
Q

insertion of flexor digitorum profundus

A

bases of distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

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26
Q

layer of flexor pollicis longus?

A

deep flexor layer

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27
Q

structure of flexor pollicis longus?

A

unipennate

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28
Q

origin/insertion of flexor pollicis longus?

A

origin: anterior shaft of radius and interosseous membrane
insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb

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29
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A
  • median nerve compression due to swelling of tendon sheathes due to repetitive flexion-extension
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30
Q

what layer is the pronator quadratus?

A

deep flexor layer

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31
Q

structure of pronator quadratus

A

square and flat

32
Q

origin/insertion of pronator quadratus

A

origin: anterior and medial surfaces of distal ulna
insertion: anterolateral surface of distal portion of radius

33
Q

what are forearm pronators ?

A
  • when fibres shorten the radius is pulled/rotated towards/ around the fixed ulna.
34
Q

what muscles are in the superficial layer of the extensor compartment?

A
  • brachioradialis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
35
Q

what muscles are in the deep layer of the extensor compartment?

A
  • supinator
  • extensor indicis
  • 3 thumb muscles (abductor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus)
36
Q

what layer is the brachioradialis in?

A

superficial extensor layer

37
Q

origin/insertion of brachioradialis?

A

origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus
insertion: styloid process of radius

38
Q

what layer is the extensor carpi ulnaris in?

A

superficial extensor layer

39
Q

origin/insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: base of fifth metacarpal

40
Q

what layer is the extensor digitorum?

A

superficial extensor layer

41
Q

origin/ insertion of extensor digitorum?

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: four tendons into extensor expansions and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

42
Q

what layer is the extensor digiti minimi in?

A

superficial extensor layer

43
Q

origin/insertion of extensor digiti minimi?

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: posterior surface of proximal phalanx of little finger (5)

44
Q

independent action of some digits is limited by??

A

connexus intertendineus

45
Q

what layer is the extensor carpi radialis longus in?

A

superficial extensor layer

46
Q

origin/insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
insertion: base of metacarpal 2

47
Q

layer of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

superficial extensor layer

48
Q

origin/ insertion of carpi radialis brevis?

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: base of metacarpal 3

49
Q

the extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis start off superficial but travel??

A

deep distally

50
Q

in the deep extensor layer, what are the pollicis muscles?

A
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
  • extensor pollicis longus
51
Q

what layer is the supinator in?

A

deep extensor layer

52
Q

origin/insertion of supinator?

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and proximal ulna
insertion: proximal radius

53
Q

what is the other supinator of the forearm/hand?

A

biceps brachii

54
Q

function of supinator?

A
  • supinate the forearm
  • wraps around radius when hand is moved into pronated position, lengthening its fibres
  • concentric contraction of fibres reverses movement drawing it back into supinated position
55
Q

what layer is the abductor pollicis longus in?

A

deep extensor layer

56
Q

origin/insertion of abductor pollicis longus?

A

origin: dorsal shaft of radius and ulna
insertion: lateral MC I (and trapezium)

57
Q

what layer are the extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis in?

A

deep extensor layer

58
Q

origin/ insertion of extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis ?

A

origin: dorsal shaft of radius/ ulna and interosseous membrane

insertion:
brevis = base of proximal phalanx of thumb
longus= base of distal phalanx of thumb

59
Q

what comprises the lateral wall of the anatomical snuff box

A

abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

60
Q

medial wall of anatomical snuff box?

A

extensor pollicis longus

61
Q

floor of anatomical snuff box?

A

mostly scaphoid, but also styloid process of radius (proximally) and trapezium (distally)

62
Q

what layer is the extensor indicis?

A

deep extensor layer

63
Q

origin/insertion of extensor indicis

A

origin: posterior surface of distal ulna and interosseous membrane
insertion: extensor expansion of index finger (joins tendon of ext. digitorum)

64
Q

many forearm muscles cross the wrist and therefore?

A

may exert an action on the wrist joint

65
Q

what are the 6 dedicated wrist muscles ?

A
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
66
Q

function of muscles within the hand?

A

precision movements

67
Q

what muscle makes up the hypothenar compartment?

A

digiti minimi

68
Q

what muscle makes up the thenar compartment

A

pollicis

69
Q

lumbricals means?

A

earthworm

70
Q

origin/ insertion of lumbricals?

A

origin: tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
insertion: lateral edge of extensor expansion on first phalanx of digits 2-5

71
Q

function of lumbricals?

A

flexes metacarpophalangeal joints but EXTENDS interphalangeal joints

72
Q

nerve supply to lumbricals?

A

unlar nerve = claw hand

73
Q

origin/ insertion of palmar interossei?

A

origin: side of metacarpals facing digit 3 (absent from this bone)
insertion: extensor expansion of first phalanx (except 3) on same side

74
Q

function of palmar interossei?

A

adductors of digits (=PAD)

75
Q

origin/insertion of dorsal interossei?

A

origin: sides of metacarpals
insertion: extensor expansion over first phalanx of digits 2-4 on both sides of no.3, but opposite for the other digits

76
Q

function of dorsal interossei?

A

abductors of digits (=DAB)

ANAT (31 decks)

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