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ANAT > L12: Muscles of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

L12: Muscles of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the body are axial muscles?

A
  • head and neck
  • vertebral column
  • thorax, abdomen and pelvis
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2
Q

Where do muscles of facial expression originate and attach?

A
  • originate on the skull or superficial fascia

- attach to fascia and skin

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3
Q

what are muscles of facial expression innervated by?

A
  • mostly by facial nerve
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4
Q

what creates the basis for facial expression and controls the orifices?

A
  • contraction moving the skin
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5
Q

what is the only muscle of facial expression NOT innervated by the facial nerve?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

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6
Q

What nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

oculomotor nerve

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7
Q

Does the levator palpebrae superioris attach to the eyeball?

A

no

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8
Q

what is the function of the levator palpebrae superioris?

A
  • elevates the superior eyelid (palpebrae)
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9
Q

What is Bell’s Palsy and what does it affect?

A
  • facial nerve lesion

- affects muscles of facial expression

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10
Q

Function/movement of muscles of mastication? (hint: movement at what joint)

A
  • move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint
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11
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A
  • mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
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12
Q

What are the four muscles of mastication?

A
  1. temporalis
  2. masseter
  3. medial pterygoid
  4. lateral pterygoid
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13
Q

Movement of the mandible: depression?

A
  • mandibular rotation around M-L axis
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14
Q

Movement of the mandible: elevation?

A
  • mandibular de-rotation around M-L axis
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15
Q

Movement of the mandible: Protrusion?

A
  • anterior slide
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16
Q

Movement of the mandible: Retrusion

A
  • posterior slide
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17
Q

Movement of the mandible: Lateral deviation?

A
  • one condyle will protrude whilst the opposite condyle spins around a vertical axis
  • can be ipsilateral (to same side)
  • or contralateral (opposite side)
18
Q

what muscles of the mandible are involved in ipsilateral deviation?

A
  • temporalis

- masseter

19
Q

what muscles of the mandible are involved in contralateral deviation?

A
  • medial pterygoid

- or lateral pterygoid

20
Q

function of extrinsic muscles of the eye?

A
  • control the position of the eye
21
Q

how many rectus (straight) extrinsic muscles in the eye?

A
  • 4

- superior, lateral, medial, inferior

22
Q

how many oblique extrinsic muscles of the eye?

A
  • 2

- inferior, superior

23
Q

what nerve innervates the extrinsic muscles of the eye? what are the exceptions?

A
  • mostly the oculomotor nerve
    EXCEPTIONS:
  • superior oblique (trochlear nerve)
  • lateral rectus (abducens nerve)
24
Q

Which extrinsic eye muscles are not innervated by the oculomotor nerve?

A
  • superior oblique (trochlear nerve)

- lateral rectus (abducens nerve)

25
Q

What does “glossus” refer to?

A
  • muscles of the tongue
26
Q

function of muscles of the tongue (glossus) ?

A
  • position and shape of the tongue for speech, mastication, swallowing
27
Q

what is genioglossus?

A
  • tongue protrusion and deviation to the opposite side
28
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue?

A
  • mostly hypoglossal nerve
29
Q

function of muscles of the pharynx/larynx?

A
  • swallowing and speech
30
Q

function of muscles of the anterior neck?

A
  • move the head and neck

- support the floor of the mouth

31
Q

what muscle moves the head and neck?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
32
Q

what role are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A
  • elevators

- depressors

33
Q

what does the sternocleidomastoid include?

A
  • sterno: manubrium of sternum
  • cleido: medial clavicle
  • mastoid: mastoid process and lateral superior nuchal line
34
Q

what nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid?

A

accessory nerve

35
Q

unilateral action of the sternocleidomastoid?

A
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion

- contralateral rotation

36
Q

bilateral action of the sternocleidomastoid?

A
  • upper cervical extension

- lower cervical flexion

37
Q

in the muscles of the anterior neck, what do the suprahyoid group attach to?

A
  • the hyoid and either the mandible or temporal bone
38
Q

In the suprahyoid group of the muscles of the anterior neck, what occurs as swallowing?

A
  • fixed mandible = elevate hyoid (swallowing)
39
Q

in the suprahyoid group of the muscles of the anterior neck, what occurs as mastication?

A
  • hyoid fixed = depressed mandible (mastication)
40
Q

In the muscles of the anterior neck, what does the infrahyoid group attach to?

A
  • hyoid, thyroid cartilage (larynx) and sternum
41
Q

What muscles are in the infrahyoid group of the anterior neck?

A
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
42
Q

what muscles are in the suprahyoid group of the anterior neck?

A
  • digastric
  • mylohyoid
  • stylohyoid

ANAT (31 decks)

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