L12: Muscles of the Head and Neck

Question 1

What part of the body are axial muscles?

Answer 1

• head and neck
• vertebral column
• thorax, abdomen and pelvis

Question 2

Where do muscles of facial expression originate and attach?

Answer 2

• originate on the skull or superficial fascia

- attach to fascia and skin

Question 3

what are muscles of facial expression innervated by?

Answer 3

• mostly by facial nerve

Question 4

what creates the basis for facial expression and controls the orifices?

Answer 4

• contraction moving the skin

Question 5

what is the only muscle of facial expression NOT innervated by the facial nerve?

Answer 5

Levator palpebrae superioris

Question 6

What nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris?

Answer 6

oculomotor nerve

Question 7

Does the levator palpebrae superioris attach to the eyeball?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

what is the function of the levator palpebrae superioris?

Answer 8

• elevates the superior eyelid (palpebrae)

Question 9

What is Bell’s Palsy and what does it affect?

Answer 9

• facial nerve lesion

- affects muscles of facial expression

Question 10

Function/movement of muscles of mastication? (hint: movement at what joint)

Answer 10

• move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint

Question 11

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

Answer 11

• mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

Question 12

What are the four muscles of mastication?

Answer 12

1. temporalis
2. masseter
3. medial pterygoid
4. lateral pterygoid

Question 13

Movement of the mandible: depression?

Answer 13

• mandibular rotation around M-L axis

Question 14

Movement of the mandible: elevation?

Answer 14

• mandibular de-rotation around M-L axis

Question 15

Movement of the mandible: Protrusion?

Answer 15

• anterior slide

Question 16

Movement of the mandible: Retrusion

Answer 16

• posterior slide

Question 17

Movement of the mandible: Lateral deviation?

Answer 17

• one condyle will protrude whilst the opposite condyle spins around a vertical axis
• can be ipsilateral (to same side)
• or contralateral (opposite side)

Question 18

what muscles of the mandible are involved in ipsilateral deviation?

Answer 18

• temporalis

- masseter

Question 19

what muscles of the mandible are involved in contralateral deviation?

Answer 19

• medial pterygoid

- or lateral pterygoid

Question 20

function of extrinsic muscles of the eye?

Answer 20

• control the position of the eye

Question 21

how many rectus (straight) extrinsic muscles in the eye?

Answer 21

• 4

- superior, lateral, medial, inferior

Question 22

how many oblique extrinsic muscles of the eye?

Answer 22

• 2

- inferior, superior

Question 23

what nerve innervates the extrinsic muscles of the eye? what are the exceptions?

Answer 23

• mostly the oculomotor nerve
  EXCEPTIONS:
• superior oblique (trochlear nerve)
• lateral rectus (abducens nerve)

Question 24

Which extrinsic eye muscles are not innervated by the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 24

• superior oblique (trochlear nerve)

- lateral rectus (abducens nerve)

Question 25

What does “glossus” refer to?

Answer 25

• muscles of the tongue

Question 26

function of muscles of the tongue (glossus) ?

Answer 26

• position and shape of the tongue for speech, mastication, swallowing

Question 27

what is genioglossus?

Answer 27

• tongue protrusion and deviation to the opposite side

Question 28

what nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue?

Answer 28

• mostly hypoglossal nerve

Question 29

function of muscles of the pharynx/larynx?

Answer 29

• swallowing and speech

Question 30

function of muscles of the anterior neck?

Answer 30

• move the head and neck

- support the floor of the mouth

Question 31

what muscle moves the head and neck?

Answer 31

• sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Question 32

what role are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 32

• elevators

- depressors

Question 33

what does the sternocleidomastoid include?

Answer 33

• sterno: manubrium of sternum
• cleido: medial clavicle
• mastoid: mastoid process and lateral superior nuchal line

Question 34

what nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 34

accessory nerve

Question 35

unilateral action of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 35

• ipsilateral lateral flexion

- contralateral rotation

Question 36

bilateral action of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 36

• upper cervical extension

- lower cervical flexion

Question 37

in the muscles of the anterior neck, what do the suprahyoid group attach to?

Answer 37

• the hyoid and either the mandible or temporal bone

Question 38

In the suprahyoid group of the muscles of the anterior neck, what occurs as swallowing?

Answer 38

• fixed mandible = elevate hyoid (swallowing)

Question 39

in the suprahyoid group of the muscles of the anterior neck, what occurs as mastication?

Answer 39

• hyoid fixed = depressed mandible (mastication)

Question 40

In the muscles of the anterior neck, what does the infrahyoid group attach to?

Answer 40

• hyoid, thyroid cartilage (larynx) and sternum

Question 41

What muscles are in the infrahyoid group of the anterior neck?

Answer 41

• sternohyoid
• sternothyroid
• thyrohyoid

Question 42

what muscles are in the suprahyoid group of the anterior neck?

Answer 42

• digastric
• mylohyoid
• stylohyoid