L11: Skeletal Muscle Organ, Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of muscles?

A
  • cardiac
  • skeletal
  • smooth
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2
Q

what makes up skeletal muscle tissue?

A
  • muscle cells

- extracellular matrix (minimal)

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3
Q

muscle cell/fibre are/consist of?

A
  • multinucleated

- myofibrils

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4
Q

what are myofibrils?

A
  • bundles of myofilaments
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5
Q

what are myofilaments?

A
  • actin and myosin contractile proteins
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6
Q

classification of type 1 skeletal muscle cells

A
  • slow oxidative

- slow aerobic

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7
Q

size of type 1 skeletal muscle cells

A

smallest

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8
Q

function and power of type 1 skeletal muscle cells

A
  • fatigue resistant

- least powerful

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9
Q

classification of type 2a skeletal muscle cells

A
  • fast oxidative

- fast aerobic

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10
Q

size of type 2a skeletal muscle cells

A
  • intermediate
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11
Q

fatigue resistance of type 2a skeletal muscle cells?

A
  • some fatigue resistance
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12
Q

classification of type 2b skeletal muscle cells

A
  • fast glycolytic

- fast anaerobic

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13
Q

size of type 2b skeletal muscle cells

A
  • largest
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14
Q

Properties of type 2b skeletal muscle cells

A
  • fatigue
  • most powerful
  • most common
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15
Q

each muscle contains a combination of the fibre types

TRUE or FALSE?

A
  • true

- %s vary according to function

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16
Q

how many tissues present in skeletal muscle organs?

A
  • 4 tissues
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17
Q

what is a myotendinous junction?

A
  • collagen fibrils of the tendon attach to the end of the muscle fibres
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18
Q

what is ethesis?

A
  • where a tendon or ligament attaches to bone
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19
Q

what do collagen fibrils attach to?

A
  • periosteum and/or anchor into the bone tissue
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20
Q

what is a motor unit?

A

a single motor neuron and the muscle fibres it innervates

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21
Q

what is an isometric contraction?

A
  • muscle force matches load

- constant length

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22
Q

what are isotonic contractions?

A
  • concentric

- eccentric

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23
Q

what is a concentric contraction?

A
  • muscle force >load
  • muscle shortens
  • e.g lifting weight
24
Q

eccentric contraction?

A
  • muscle force
25
Q

what is isokinetic?

A

constant speed

26
Q

what are sphincters

A
  • fibres arranged concentrically around an opening

- circular

27
Q

example of sphincters?

A
  • orbicularis oris

- orbicularis oculi

28
Q

what is parallel muscle architecture

A
  • fascicles parallel to muscle
29
Q

example of fascicles parallel to muscle

A
  • masseter
  • biceps brachii
  • rectus abdominis
  • sartorius
30
Q

what is convergent muscle architecture?

A
  • fibres converge toward a common attachment site
31
Q

example of convergent muscles?

A
  • pectoralis major

- latissimus dorsi

32
Q

what is pennate (feather) muscle architecture?

A
  • fascicles at an oblique angle to the tendon
33
Q

what are the three different types of pennate muscles

A
  • unipennate
  • bipennate
  • multipennate
34
Q

the extensor digitorum is what sort of pennate muscle?

A

unipennate

35
Q

the arrangement of fascicles in the rectus femoris is?

A
  • bipennate
36
Q

the arrangement of fascicles in the deltoid is ?

A

multipennate

37
Q

function of parallel muscles

A

excursion

38
Q

function of pennate muscles

A

strength

39
Q

function of axial muscles

A
  • stabilise or move elements of axial body
40
Q

function of appendicular muscles

A
  • stabilise or move appendicular body
41
Q

3 compartments of the thigh?

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • medial
42
Q

3 compartments of the leg?

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • lateral
43
Q

what must a muscle cross in order to actively move a joint

A
  • cross a joint
44
Q

what determines which movements are available?

A

joint structural and functional classification

45
Q

what helps predict a muscles general action relative to the joint it crosses

A
  • the location of a muscle
46
Q

the amount of force that a muscle produces is a function of its?

A

physiological cross sectional area (PCSA)

47
Q

what is line of action?

A

when a muscle contracts concentrically it will pull its attachment site toward the centre of the muscle belly

48
Q

for a given force, the resultant moment will be affected by its?

A
  • moment arm
49
Q

in biomechanics, bones are considered

A

levers

50
Q

in biomechanics, joints are considered

A

axes/ centre of rotation (COR)

51
Q

in biomechanics, muscles provide ?

A

force = pull

52
Q

what is moment of force?

A
  • strength of rotation of body segment

- produced by force

53
Q

what is moment arm?

A
  • perpendicular distance from the COR to the line of action of the force
54
Q

a force directed through the centre of rotation will produce a?

A

translation

55
Q

a force applied at a distance from the centre of rotation will produce a??

A

rotation called moment of force

56
Q

when a force acts on an object, and the object is fixed at some point, the object will?

A
  • rotate around the fixed point

- results in a rotation called moment of force

57
Q

when a force (muscle pull) acts on an object (bone), and the object is fixed at some point (joint), the object will??

A
  • rotate around the fixed point