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ANAT > L14: Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Arm > Flashcards

L14: Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Arm Flashcards

1
Q

what are upper appendicular muscles? (hint:5)

A
  • move pectoral girdle
  • move glenohumeral joint/arm
  • muscles of arm
  • muscles of forearm
  • intrinsic muscles of hand
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2
Q

What are the movements of the pectoral girdle?

A
  • elevation, depression
  • protraction, retraction
  • scapula upward and downward rotation
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3
Q

Where do muscles that move the pectoral girdle originate and insert?

A
  • originate on axial skeleton

- insert on pectoral girdle

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4
Q

What are the anterior muscles that move the pectoral girdle? (hint: 3)

A
  • trapezius
  • pectoralis minor
  • serratus anterior
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5
Q

What are the posterior muscles that move the pectoral girdle? (hint: 5)

A
  • trapezius
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboid minor
  • rhomboid major
  • serratus anterior
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6
Q

What is the external structure of the pectoralis minor?

A
  • fan or convergent
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7
Q

origin and insertion of pectoralis minor?

A

origin: anterosup. surfaces of ribs 3-5
insertion: coracoid process of scapula

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8
Q

function of pectoralis minor? (hint: 3)

A
  • depress and protract shoulder
  • downward rotation of scapula
  • elevate ribs
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9
Q

external structure of serratus anterior?

A

serrated

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10
Q

origin and insertion of serratus anterior?

A

origin: anterosuperior margins of ribs 1-8 or 9
insertion: anterior surface of vertebral (medial) border of the scapula

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11
Q

function of serratus anterior?

A
  • protract shoulder

- upward rotation of scapula (glenoid cavity points superiorly)

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12
Q

external structure of trapezius?

A

trapezoid

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13
Q

origin and insertion of trapezius?

A

origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
insertion: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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14
Q

function of trapezius?

A

-elevate, retract, depress, rotate scapula (upward)

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15
Q

external structure of rhomboid minor/major?

A

diamond

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16
Q

origin and insertion of rhomboid MINOR?

A

origin: spinous processes C7-T1
insertion: medial border of scapular (superior to spine)

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17
Q

function of rhomboid minor?

A
  • elevate, retract, downward rotate scapula
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18
Q

origin and insertion of rhomboid MAJOR?

A

originate: spinous processes T2-T5
insertion: medial border of scapula (inferior to spine)

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19
Q

function of rhomboid major?

A
  • elevate, retract, downward rotate scapula
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20
Q

Origination/insertion of muscles that move the glenohumeral joint?

A

origin: axial skeleton OR pectoral girdle
insertion: cross the glenohumeral joint

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21
Q

do all glenohumeral joint muscles insert onto the humerus?

A

no

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22
Q

what are the two types of pectoralis major?

A
  • clavicular head

- sternal head

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23
Q

what are the two types of biceps brachii?

A
  • long head

- short head

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24
Q

external structure of pectoralis major?

A
  • fan or convergent
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25
Q

origin and insertion of pectoralis major?

A

origin: body of sternum, costocartilages 2-6,, inferomedial portion of clavicle
insertion: greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

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26
Q

function of pectoralis major?

A
  • flexion, adduction, medial (internal) rotation of arm
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27
Q

external structure of deltoid?

A
  • triangular
28
Q

origin and insertion of deltoid?

A

origin: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

29
Q

function of deltoid?

A
  • arm abduction, flexion and medial rotation, extension, lateral rotation
30
Q

what are the 3 anatomical segments of the deltoid?

A
  • middle deltoid
  • posterior deltoid
  • anterior deltoid
31
Q

action of middle deltoid in glenohumeral joint?

A

abduction

32
Q

action of posterior deltoid in GHJ?

A

extension, lateral rotation

33
Q

action of anterior deltoid in GHJ?

A
  • flexion, medial rotation
34
Q

external structure of latissimus dorsi?

A
  • convergent
35
Q

origin and insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A

origin: spinous processes of inferior thoracic vertebrae, ribs 8-12, and thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
insertion: floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

36
Q

function of latissimus dorsi?

A
  • extension, adduction, medial rotation of arm
37
Q

external structure of teres major ?

A

fusiform

38
Q

origin and insertion of teres major?

A

origin: inferior angle of scapula
insertion: medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

39
Q

function of teres major?

A
  • extension, medial rotation of shoulder
40
Q

Rotator cuff: Supraspinatus position, action, insertion

A
  • superior
  • abduction
  • insertion: greater tubercle
41
Q

rotator cuff: infraspinatus position, action, insertion

A
  • posterior
  • lateral rotation
  • greater tubercle
42
Q

rotator cuff: teres minor position, action, insertion?

A
  • posterior
  • lateral rotation
  • greater tubercle
43
Q

rotator cuff: subscapularis position, action, insertion?

A
  • anterior
  • medial rotation
  • lesser tubercle
44
Q

What are the muscular compartments of the arm/brachium?

A
  • flexor (anterior)

- extensor (posterior)

45
Q

what divides the muscular compartments of the arm/brachium?

A
  • connective tissue (deep fascia)
46
Q

what is intermuscular septum of the arm/brachium?

A
  • deep fascia encircles muscle groups and inserts into the periosteum of the bone as an intermuscular septum
47
Q

what does the coracobrachialis cross?

A
  • anterior/medial glenohumeral joint
48
Q

what do the biceps brachii cross?

A
  • long head crosses superior/anterio GHJ and anterior humeroulnar joint, and proximal radioulnar joint
  • short head crosses anterior GHJ and anterior HUJ and proximal RUJ
49
Q

what does the brachialis cross?

A
  • anterior humeroulnar joint
50
Q

external structure of biceps brachii?

A

-fusiform, 2 heads

51
Q

origin and insertion of biceps brachii?

A

origin: short head = coracoid process, long head = supraglenoid tubercle
insertion: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

52
Q

function of biceps brachii

A
  • flexion at GHJ and elbow

- supination of flexed forearm

53
Q

origin/ insertion of coracobrachialis

A

origin: coracoid process
insertion: medial margins of humeral shaft

54
Q

function of coracobrachialis?

A

adduction and flexion of arm

- moves the GHJ

55
Q

origin and insertion of brachialis?

A

origin: anterior distal surface of humerus
insertion: coronoid process of ulna

56
Q

function of brachialis?

A
  • flexion of elbow
57
Q

origin/insertion of brachioradialis?

A

origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus
insertion: base of styloid process of the radius

58
Q

function of brachioradialis?

A
  • flexion of elbow
59
Q

Brachioradialis: distinguishing between extensor or flexor?

A
  • forms part of posterolateral compartment of forearm which is the wrist’s extensor compartment
  • however, this muscle is a FLEXOR of the ELBOW
60
Q

what does the triceps brachii cross?

A
  • long head crosses posterior GHJ and posterior HUJ
  • lateral head crosses posterior HUJ
  • medial head crosses posterior HUJ
61
Q

what does the anconeus cross?

A
  • posterolateral elbow joint and also attaches to the capsule
62
Q

external structure of triceps brachii?

A

fusiform three heads

63
Q

origin of triceps brachii?

A

long head = infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head = superior lateral margin of humerus
medial head = posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove

64
Q

insertion of triceps brachii

A

olecranon process of ulna

65
Q

function of triceps brachii?

A
  • extension of elbow

- long head only: extension and adduction at shoulder

ANAT (31 decks)

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