L16: Muscles of the pelvic girdle and thigh

Question 1

What are the types of well defined deep fascia in the lower limb?

Answer 1

• gluteal
• fascia lata
• crural fascia

Question 2

Function of muscles that cross the hip joint? (hint:2)

Answer 2

• stabilize the joint

- generate movement

Question 3

how many degrees of freedom involved in movements of the hip?

Answer 3

three rotational degrees of freedom

Question 4

as the hip is a ball and socket joint, what movements does it allow?

Answer 4

• internal/external flexion
• flexion/extension
• abduction/adduction
• circumduction

Question 5

movement of muscles that cross the knee joint?

Answer 5

• flexion/extension in the sagittal plane

- small amount of internal-external rotation possible

Question 6

What are the four functional groups of muscles that originate from the pelvis and lumbar spine?

Answer 6

• gluteal group (posterior/lateral)
• lateral rotator group (deep posterior)
• adductor group (medial)
• iliopsoas (anterior)

Question 7

Origin of gluteus maximus?

Answer 7

• ilium, sacrum, coccyx, thoracolumbar fascia

Question 8

insertion of gluteus maximus?

Answer 8

-ITT, gluteal tuberosity

Question 9

movement of gluteus maximus?

Answer 9

• extension, lateral rotation

Question 10

origin of gluteus medius?

Answer 10

• ilium (posterior-anterior gluteal lines)

Question 11

insertion of gluteus medius?

Answer 11

• greater trochanter

Question 12

movement of gluteus medius?

Answer 12

• abduction, medial rotation

Question 13

origin of gluteus minimis?

Answer 13

• ilium (anterior-inferior gluteal lines)

Question 14

insertion of gluteus minimis?

Answer 14

• greater trochanter

Question 15

movement of gluteus minimis?

Answer 15

• abduction, medial rotation

Question 16

origin of tensor fasciae latae?

Answer 16

iliac crest and ASIS

Question 17

insertion of tensor fasciae latae?

Answer 17

• into the ITT (inserts on proximal, anterolateral tibia)

Question 18

action/movement of tensor fasciae latae?

Answer 18

• medial rotation and abduction at hip

- lateral rotation at knee (stabilisation of knee)

Question 19

POSITION + ACTION of piriformis*, gemellus superior+inferior, obturator externus+ internus, quadratus femoris?

Answer 19

• deep posterior
• lateral rotation
• stabilise hip joint
• *piriformis (+abduction)

Question 20

origin/ insertion of piriformis?

Answer 20

sacrum > Greater trochanter

Question 21

origin/insertion of gemellus superior and gemellus inferior?

Answer 21

isch. spine/tuberosity > Greater trochanter

Question 22

origin/insertion of obturator externus and obturator internus?

Answer 22

obturator membrane > Greater trochanter

Question 23

origin/insertion of quadratus femoris?

Answer 23

isch. tuberosity > intertrochanteric crest

Question 24

Action of adductor brevis/longus/magnus, pectineus, *gracilis

Answer 24

adductors

- *gracilis also produces flexion at knee

Question 25

action of psoas major?

Answer 25

- 'can' flex lumbar/thoracic spine BUT | - is really a flexor of the hip

Question 26

what combination produces the most powerful hip flexor?

Answer 26

- psoas major and the tendon of the iliacus

Question 27

how many muscle heads on the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 27

4

Question 28

where do the 4 muscle heads of the quadriceps femoris insert?

Answer 28

- tibial tuberosity via patella ligament

Question 29

The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedialis make up the??

Answer 29

4 muscle heads of the quadriceps femoris

Question 30

origin of rectus femoris?

Answer 30

- AIIS and superior margin of acetabulum

Question 31

origin of vastus lateralis?

Answer 31

- greater trochanter - intertrochanteric line - linea aspera

Question 32

origin of vastus medialis?

Answer 32

- linea aspera | - intertrochanteric line

Question 33

origin of vastus intermedialis?

Answer 33

anterior and lateral proximal femur shaft

Question 34

what are the four heads of the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 34

- rectus femoris - vastus lateralis - vastus medialis - vastus intermedialis

Question 35

Effect of increasing quadriceps angle?

Answer 35

makes lateral displacement of patella more likely

Question 36

small/ large quadriceps angles are typical to which gender?

Answer 36

small: male large: female

Question 37

what is the longest muscle in the body?

Answer 37

sartorius

Question 38

where does the sartorius flex?

Answer 38

- hip | - knee (weak)

Question 39

which muscle aids cross-legged position?

Answer 39

sartorius

Question 40

origin/insertion of sartorius?

Answer 40

ASIS > medial aspect of proximal tibia

Question 41

what is the full word for ASIS?

Answer 41

anterior superior iliac spine

Question 42

arrangement of muscle of sartorius? positives/negatives?

Answer 42

- parallel fibred muscle - good for change in length - relatively weak

Question 43

how many joints in the rectus femoris?

Answer 43

2

Question 44

how many joints in the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus?

Answer 44

two-joint muscles

Question 45

origin of biceps femoris?

Answer 45

ischial tuberosity (long head), linea aspera, distal femur (short head)

Question 46

insertion of biceps femoris?

Answer 46

head of fibula and lateral tibial condyle

Question 47

origin of semitendinosus?

Answer 47

ischial tuberosity

Question 48

insertion of semitendinosus?

Answer 48

medial aspect proximal tibial shaft

Question 49

origin of semimembranosus?

Answer 49

ischial tuberosity

Question 50

insertion of semimembranosus?

Answer 50

medial condyle of tibia

Question 51

action of biceps femoris | ?

Answer 51

- extends hip - flexes knee - lateral leg rotation at knee (especially when flexed)

Question 52

action of semitendinosus?

Answer 52

- extends hip - flexes knee - medial leg rotation at knee

Question 53

action of semimembranosus?

Answer 53

- extends hip - flexes knee - medial leg rotation at knee