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ANAT > L34: Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

L34: Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of structures is the male reproductive system mainly composed of?

A

tubular structures

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2
Q

is the testicular artery a branch of the abdominal aorta or the internal iliac artery?

A

abdominal aorta

NOT internal iliac

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3
Q

what kind of system is the pampiniform venous plexus?

A

thermoregulatory system

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4
Q

in males and females, what does the inguinal canal contain?

A

male: spermatic cord
female: round ligament of uterus

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5
Q

what does the superficial inguinal ring form?

A

the exit of the inguinal canal

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6
Q

what contains the proximal ductus deferens, testicular artery and veins, lymph vessels,
testicular nerve, cremaster muscle and a covering connective tissue

A

spermatic cord

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7
Q

what is the deep inguinal ring?

A

entrance to the inguinal canal

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8
Q

what happens to the testes by the 3rd month of development

A

they descend to the deep ring

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9
Q

what is the superficial inguinal ring

A

exit from inguinal canal

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10
Q

what happens to the testes in the 7th to 9th month of development?

A

they complete their descent into the scrotum through the inguinal canal

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11
Q

what is the most common inguinal hernia and who does it effect?

A
  • indirect inguinal hernia (75%)

- young males (newborns - early adulthood)

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12
Q

are males or females more likely to experience direct inguinal hernias? when do they appear?

A
  • more common in males

- appear later in life

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13
Q

risk factors of direct inguinal hernias?

A
  • heavy lifting
  • chronic obstructive lung disease
  • constant strain on abdominal pressure
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14
Q

function of the scrotum

A

temperature regulator

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15
Q

what divides the scrotum into two compartments?

A

scrotal septum

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16
Q

what is the muscle of the wall of the scrotum

A
  • external (skin)
  • superficial fascia
  • smooth muscle (dartos muscle)
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17
Q

what results from tonic contraction of dartos muscle?

A
  • wrinkles on scrotal surface

- elevation of testes

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18
Q

the testes produce?

A

sperm and testosterone

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19
Q

role of the spermatic cord?

A

suspend the testes in the scrotum

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20
Q

what is each testis covered by?

A

visceral layer of tunica vaginalis testis and tunica albuginea

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21
Q

what is the tunica vaginalis?

A
  • serous membrane derived from the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity
  • has outer parietal layer and inner visceral layer separated by serous fluid
22
Q

what is the thick fibrous capsule that covers the testis

A

tunica albuginea

23
Q

what is the tunica albuginea?

A
  • lies deep to visceral layer of tunical vaginalis

- projects internally into testis forming a septa, diving the internal space into lobules

24
Q

what are the hundreds of highly coiled tubes packed into tunica albuginea?

A

seminiferous tubules

25
Q

the seminiferous tubules are the site of?

A

spermatogenesis

26
Q

what collects sperm from seminiferous tubules?

A

straight tubules

27
Q

what collects sperm from straight tubules?

A

rete testis

28
Q

what carries sperm to epididymis?

A

efferent ducts

29
Q

structure/ function of epididymis?

A
  • coiled tube (4-5m) along side of testis

- sperm storage and maturation

30
Q

order of sperm flow?

A
  1. seminiferous tubule
  2. straight tubules
  3. rete testis
  4. efferent ductules
  5. epididymis
  6. ductus deferens
31
Q

what is the ductus deferens?

A

muscular tube

transports sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

32
Q

what do the walls of the ductus deferens contain?

A
  • inner mucosa
  • middle muscularis
  • outer adventitia
    (muscularis contains smooth muscle)
33
Q

each of the two ejaculatory ducts is formed by?

A

the merge of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicles

34
Q

what passes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra?

A

both ejaculatory ducts

35
Q

what are the accessory glands that secrete seminal fluid?

A
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate gland
  • bulbourethral glands
36
Q

seminal fluid is _____ and mixes with sperms transported up the ductus deferens to form _____?

A

alkaline

semen

37
Q

are the seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands paired or unpaired?

A

paired

38
Q

what does the seminal vesicles secrete and why?

A
  • secrete viscous fluid of fructose (sugar) and prostaglandins
  • sugar nourishes sperm
  • prostaglandins dilate the cervix
39
Q

what do bulbourethral glands secrete?

A

viscous mucin that protects the urethra and serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse

40
Q

what is the role of the slightly alkaline semen fluid the prostate secretes?

A

neutralizes the acidity of the vagina

41
Q

the prostate secretes a milky appearing fluid that is _____% of the volume of semen?

A

25-30%

42
Q

what are erectile tissues?

A

spongy masses of tissue that contain large amounts of potential vascular space for blood engorgement

43
Q

what is the corpus cavernosum (clitoris)

A
  • paired masses on the anterior surface of the flaccid penis
  • each contains a deep artery of the penis
44
Q

what is the corpus spongiosum?

A
  • single mass surrounding urethra, posterior side of flaccid penis
  • the sheeth surrounding contains more elastic fibres than c. cavernosum
45
Q

Male sexual function can be summarized as the three E’s ?

A
  • erection
  • emission
  • ejaculation
46
Q

function of erection

A
  • parasympathetic stimulation relaxes smooth muscles in arterial walls, vessel dilation and increase of blood flow to penis
47
Q

what is emission?

A

movement of secretions of glands into prostatic urethra

48
Q

what is ejaculation?

A

expulsion of semen by rhythmic contractions of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles that wrap around corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosa

49
Q

how do sperm find the egg?

A

using heat and olfactory sensors

50
Q

sperm utilizes bourgeonal odour as chemoattractant for what?

A

navigating towards the egg

ANAT (31 decks)

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