L24: Immunodeficiency Flashcards
What are the consequences of immunodeficiency
Infection
Tumour
Autoimmunity
What are the red flags for immunodeficiency
Increased frequency of infection
Unusual organism
Increased severity
Poor outcome
What are the 2 types of immunodeficiency
Primary
Secondary
What is primary immunodeficiency
Genetic
Uncommon
Early in life
What is secondary immunodeficiency
Acquired
Common
Increasing with age
If there is a defect in neutrophils which infection are we likely to get
Extracellular bacteria
Fungi
If there is a B cell defect what type of infection are you likely to get
Encapsulated bacteria
If there is a T cell defect what type of infection are you likely to get
Intracellular bacteria, virus and fungi
Who is at risk of secondary immunodeficiency
Cancer Autoimmunity Metabolic: diabetes Immunosupression Steroids Age Poor nutrition Multiple comorbidities Dialysis Hospital infection
Why cant neutrophils migrate
Due to a defect in beta 2 integrity’s which causes the tight binding to neutrophils cannot enter tissue
What does a defect in beta 2 intergins present as
Redness and inflammation but no pus
What happens when neutrophils cannot burst
Chronic granulomatous disease
What happens if we get type 1 cytokine defects
Type 1 cytokines are from CD4 T cells so we cannot manage mycobacterium
What do we get if there are no B cells
Agammagloblinemia
What happens if we get a defect in maturing B cells
X linked agammaglobulineaemias
What happens if we cannot get class swithcing
Hyper igm syndrome
What antibodies are most present in a hyper igm syndrome
Igm and no igg, iga or ige due to no class switching occuring
What are the causes of hyper igm syndrome
Defect in the CD4 ligand on T cells or CD40 on B cells so no T-dependent response can occur
What are the secondary causes of antibody deficiency
Reduced production of B cells due to marrow supression
Immunosupression
What is the management for low antibodies
Ig replacement therapy
Home antibodies
Prophlyactic antibodies
Where is iga found in the body
Musoca of the gut
Why are people with iga deficiency well
Igg and igm covers the effects of iga
What are the primary causes fo T cell deficiency
Diegeorge syndrome
What are the secondary causes of T cell deficiency
Immunosupression
HIV as it infects CD4 and Marco
Lymphoid malignancy
