L11: Barrier And Innate Immunity Flashcards
What are the physical barriers of immunity
Skin
Lung
Gut mucosa
What are the active barrier defence in immunity
Cilia
Secretions
Antibacterial peptides
What are commensal bacteria
Good bacteria
Where are paneth cells located
Underneath epithelial cels of the gut
What do paneth cells secrete
Antimicrobial peptides
What cells are on top of epithelial cells
Mucosa
What is the role of the mucosa
Trap bacteria
Where are commensal bacteria found
On top of mucosa
What happens when a pathogen breathes the barriers
It becomes in contact with the innate immune response
Does the innate immune system have memory
No
What does vasodilaiton create
Erythema
What does increased vascular permeability create
Oedema
What does cytokines create
Heat
What does nerve stimulation create
Pain
What does erythema and oedema allow
Cells to migrate from circulation to tissues
What does heat produced by cytokines allow
Inhibit pathogen growth
What does pain due to nerve stimulation allow
Withdrawal from insult
Which cells of the innate immune system recognise the threat
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Which cells of the innate immune system engulf
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Which cells of the innate immune system kill pathogen by releasing granules
Eosinophils
Mast cells
Basophils
Neutrophils
What are granulocytes
Cells that have granules
Name the cells of the granulocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils
Mast cells
What cells do macrophages originate from
Monocytes
What are macrophages involved in
Detects and phagocytosis
What is the role of dendritic cells
Capture and process antigen
In terms of MHC what do dendritic cells do
Break proteins to peptides
Peptides are on cells surface and present it on MHC to T cells in adaptive immunity
What exactly are pathogens recognised by
Pattern recognition receptors
What do PRR recognise on the pathogens
PAMPs
What are the 4 families of PRR
Toll like
Nucleotide oligotherisation receptros
RIG-1 like receptors
C typed lectin receptors
What happens to the cell when PRRs recognise different pathogens
Stimulate the nucleus to produce cytokines
What are the proteins of the innate immune system
Cytokines
Acute phase proteins
Complement proteins
What is the role of cytokines
Modulate cell activity
Attract chemokines
What is the role of acute phase protein
Present on pathogens
What are the roles of complement proteins
Opsonisation
Killing
Activation
Chemoattraction
What are the types of cytokines
Pro inflammatory
Anti inflammatory
Influence cellular differentiation
Direct cellular migration
What can the action of cytokines be on cells
Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocrine
What are the key cytokine families
Interferon Chemokine Tumour necrosis factor family Interleukin family Haematopoietins Transforming growth factor beta family
What is opsonisation
A way of coating a pathogen to make it more visible to the immune system
What are pathogens opsonised by
Complement proteins
CRP and acute phase proteins
Immunoglobulin
What cell produces immunoglobulin
B cells
What immune system is B cells part of
Adaptive immune system
What are the 3 mechanisms of activating the complement system
Classical pathway
Lectin pathway
Alternative pathway
What are the consequences of the complement activation
Inflammation Cytolysis Opsonisation Chemotaxis Inactivation of complement
