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IIH > L04: Haemostasis > Flashcards

L04: Haemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What are platelets involved in

A

Clotting blood cells

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of granules in platelets

A

Alpha
Dense
Glycogen

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3
Q

What do alpha granules contain and release

A

F5
F8
Fibrinogen
VWF

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4
Q

What do dense granules contain

A

ADP

Serotonin

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5
Q

What do glycogen granules contain

A

Energy source for platelets

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6
Q

What is the first reaction of the blood vessels when there is damage

A

Vasoconstriction

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7
Q

What does vasoconstriction do to the blood flow

A

Decrease it

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8
Q

What happens to VWF

A

Binds to exposed collagen in the damaged vessel

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9
Q

When VWF binds to collagen where else does it bind to

A

GP1B receptors on the platelet

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10
Q

What happens to the GP1B platelet when VWF binds

A

It upregulates to GP2B receptors

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11
Q

When there are GP2B receptors what binds to it

A

More VWF

Or fibrinogen

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12
Q

What does GP2B cause

A

Cross linking of many platelets together

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13
Q

How are the granules in the platelet become activated to release their substances when the platelet it activated

A

ADP from damaged blood vessels cause degranulation of the granules

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14
Q

Which granules are degranulated

A

Dense

Alpha

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15
Q

When the platelets have stuck to the damaged blood vessel what is the next thing that occurs

A

Coagulation cascade

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16
Q

How many pathways does the coagulation cascade involve

A

3

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17
Q

What are the pathways of the coagulation cascade

A

Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Common pathway

18
Q

What is the outcome of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathway

A

To give F10a that is in the common pathway

19
Q

What happens in the extrinsic pathway

A

1) Factor 7 is converted to F7A by F3 (tissue factor)

2) Factor 7A converts F10 to F10A

20
Q

What happens in the intrinsic pathway

A

1) factor 12 is converted to F12A when it touches the platelet
2) F12A converts F11 to F11A
3) F11A converts F9 to F9A
4) F9A reacts with F8 and calcium to convert F10 to F10A

21
Q

What happens in the common pathway

A

1) F10a reacts with F5 to convert prothrombin to thrombin

2) thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin

22
Q

Is fibrin insoluble are soluble

A

Insoluble

23
Q

What is Bernard soulier syndrome due to

A

Deficiency in GP1B receptor

24
Q

What is glanzmann’s thrombasthenia due to

A

Deficiency of GP2B receptor

25
Q

What is haemophilia A due to

A

Deficiency in F8

26
Q

What is haemophilia B due to

A

Deficiency in F9

27
Q

What is con willebran disease due to

A

Deficiency of VWF

28
Q

What are the 3 ways of breaking down a clot

A

Fibrinolysis i.e with thrombin
Protein c/s system
Antithrombin

29
Q

Describe fibrinolysis

A

1) thrombin releases TPA
2) TPA binds to fibrin in the clot
3) circulating plasminogen binds to TPA
4) plasminogen is converted to plasmin
5) plasmin degrade the clot by breaking down the fibrin

30
Q

Describe the protein C/S system

A

1) thrombin binds to thrombomodulin on the vessel endothelial cells
2) Protein c then binds to thrombin which is on the thrombomodulin
3) protein c becomes activated
4) activated protein c binds to protein s
5) protein c/s inactivates active F8,5 (Intrinsic pathway)
5) coagulation pathway stops

31
Q

Describe the antithrombin

A

Anti thrombin inactivates activate F11,10,9

32
Q

What test do we use to look at the function of the coagulation cascade

A

Coagualtion test

33
Q

What does the coagulation test involve

A

PT

APTT

34
Q

What does the coagulation test measure

A

Time in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway

35
Q

What pathway does the PT test look at

A

Extrinsic pathway

36
Q

What pathway does the APTT look at

A

Intrinsic pathway

37
Q

Usually which test is not longer

A

PT

38
Q

Why is the PT test not long i.e the extrinsic pathway

A

It involves less factors so is quicker

39
Q

What does a prolonged PT suggest

A

Deficiency in the factors involved in the extrinsic pathway :
F7

40
Q

What does a prolonged APTT indicate

A 
Deficiency in the factors involved in the intrinsic pathway:
F12
F11
F9
F8
41
Q

What does prolonged both PT and APTT indicate

A

Deficiency in the common pathway:
F5
F10
Fibrinogen

IIH (26 decks)

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