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IIH > L05: Nature And Properties Of Micro-organisms > Flashcards

L05: Nature And Properties Of Micro-organisms Flashcards

1
Q

List the known micro-organisms

A

Prions
Virus
Bacteria
Fungi

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2
Q

How do prions work to cause infection

A

1) the mutated prion (bad) called prPsc converts the good normal prion protein to misfold.
2) the normal protein is now misfolded to build up
3) build up of protein forms amyloid fibres which lay down on the brain to cause degenerate

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3
Q

What disease can prions cause

A

CJD (creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) from mad cow disease

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4
Q

How does CJD occur in humans

A

Mad cows eat other dead’s cows brain which has prions

Human then eat the mad cow.

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5
Q

Is there any treatment to CJD

A

No

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6
Q

What are the features of a virus

A

Dna or Rna

Envelope with glycoproteins

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7
Q

How do viruses cause infection

A

Viruses Bind to the cell receptor by their glycoproteins on envelope
Virus is endocytosed
Envelope is removed to release viral nucleic acids
Viral Rna is replicated, transcribed and translated
New protein is formed
New virus is assembled and released from the cell.

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8
Q

What are the effects of a virus

A 
degeneration 
Proliferation
Lysis 
Transformation 
Latent infection- for ageing people as their immune system declines
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9
Q

What disease does the varicella zoster virus cause

A

Chickenpox and shingles

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10
Q

What is shingles

A

The reactivation of varicella zoster virus in adults who have had chickenpox in childhood (latent infection)

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11
Q

What does Ebola virus cause

A

Haemorrhaging fever

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12
Q

What does Zika virus cause

A

Gillian barre syndrome

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of bacteria

A

Obligate
Opportunistic
Commensals

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14
Q

What is obligate bacteria

A

Bacteria that is always pathogenic and are obligated to infect you

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15
Q

What are opportunistic bacteria

A

Helpful bacteria but if it finds an opportunity it will infect you

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16
Q

What is commensals bacteria

A

Good bacteria that is never pathogenic

17
Q

What are the features of a bacteria

A

Rigid cell wall made of peptidocyglan
If gram negative they have an extra phospholipid membrane surrounding peptidocyglan
If gram positive they don’t have extra phospholipid membrane
Flagella
Pili
Capsule
Toxins

18
Q

What is the role of flagella

A

Makes bacteria move

19
Q

What is the role of pili

A

Allows bacteria to attach to cells better

20
Q

What is the role of the capsule

A

Makes bacteria more infectious as macrophages are less likely to kill them

21
Q

What are the role of toxins

A

Kill cells

22
Q

What are the 2 ways bacteria are classified

A

Gram negative

Gram positive

23
Q

What is gram positive

A

Has one single membrane from peptidocyglan

24
Q

What is gram negative

A

Double membrane

25
Q

How do bacteria cause disease

A

Production of toxins
Tissue damage
Immune response by host activity

26
Q

What other components does gram negative have on their cell wall

A

Lipopolysaccharides

27
Q

What does lipopolysacharides cause

A

Sepsis

28
Q

What same component does both gram positive and gram negative bacteria have on their cell wall

A

Peptidocyglan

29
Q

Why is peptidocyglan important in clinical practice

A

It is a target for penicillin antibiotics

30
Q

What other cell wall component does gram positive have

A

Lipoteich acid

31
Q

What does lipoteichoic acid do

A

Septic shock

32
Q

What colour does gram positive stain

A

Purple

33
Q

What colour does gram negative stain

A

Pink

34
Q

What are the features of fungi

A

Chitin wall
Single or multicellular cells
Hyphae which are cylindirical tubes that interconnect or form a mycelium(more fungi)

35
Q

What is a common fungal infection

A

Thrush causes by Candida albicans in oral fungal infection

36
Q

How do we classify viruses

A

Using the Baltimore scheme

IIH (26 decks)

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