L13: Inflammation Flashcards
What is the clinical consequence of the innate immune system
Inflammation
What does inflammation look like
Erythema
Oedema
Heat
Pain
What is inflammation
A responce to tissue injury
Why do we have inflammation
To destroy the agent and induce repair
What response is the inflammation caused by
Acute phase response
How does the acute phase responce develop
1) pathogen is recognised by the innate immune responce
2) cellular activation
3) cytokine activation
4) phagocytosis of pathogen
5) results in inflammation
How do we recognise pathogen in the innate immune system
PPRs on the innate immune cells recognise PAMPs on the pathogen
Which major cell initiates the acute phase
Mast cells
What do mast cells do
Release histamine
What does histamine cause
Vasodilation
Increased permeability
Irritation of nerve ending
Which other mediators cause inflammation
COX pathway
Lipoxygenase pathway
What does the cox pathway involve
Prostaglandins
Thromboxanes
What does the cox pathway result in to cause inflammation
Vasodilation
Oedema
What does the lipoxygenase pathway involve
Leukotrienes
What does the lipoxygenase pathway result in
Increased vascular permeability
Bronchospasm
What drugs can we use to block inflammation
Anti histamine
Cox pathway inhibitors
Leukotrienes inhibitors
Name a drug that blocks the cox pathway
NSAIDS
What does vasodilation cause on the skin
Erythema
What does increased vascular permeability show as
Oedema
What does cytokines do
Heat
What does mediators cause
Pain
Why does vasodilation occur
Increases blood flow
Why does increased permeability occur
To leak plasma proteins into the tissue
What can local inflammation lead to
Systemic inflammation
What is systemic inflammation mediated by
Acute phase cytokines
Name the acute phase cytokines
IL-1
TNF alpha
IL-6
Which organs does the acute phase cytokines act on
Endothelium Hypothalamus Fat and muscle Liver Bone marrow Dendritic cells
Which drugs can we use to block the acute phase responce
Anti TNF alpha
Anti IL-1
Anti IL-6
What happens when there is overproduction of TNF alpha and IL1
Septic shock
Why do we get septic shock
Enormous amounts of vasodilation
Leakage of fluid
What is the outcome of acute inflammation
Recovering of infection Healing scar formation Abscess formation Granuloma formation Chronic inflammation
Why do we get chronic inflammation
When the acute inflammation doesn’t resolve
What are the acute phase proteins that we measure
CRP
C3
Fibrinogen
Ferritin
If the CRP is an acute phase protein then what is the role of CRP
Opsonise
Activate classical complement pathway
Pathogen recognition
When does CRP increase
Injury
Inflammation
Infection
What is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
The rate at which erythrocytes settle out of unclotted blood in one hour
What happens to the ESR in a acute phase
Increase
Therefore what happens to both the CRP and ESR in an acute phase response
both increase
