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IIH > L13: Inflammation > Flashcards

L13: Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clinical consequence of the innate immune system

A

Inflammation

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2
Q

What does inflammation look like

A

Erythema
Oedema
Heat
Pain

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3
Q

What is inflammation

A

A responce to tissue injury

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4
Q

Why do we have inflammation

A

To destroy the agent and induce repair

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5
Q

What response is the inflammation caused by

A

Acute phase response

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6
Q

How does the acute phase responce develop

A

1) pathogen is recognised by the innate immune responce
2) cellular activation
3) cytokine activation
4) phagocytosis of pathogen
5) results in inflammation

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7
Q

How do we recognise pathogen in the innate immune system

A

PPRs on the innate immune cells recognise PAMPs on the pathogen

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8
Q

Which major cell initiates the acute phase

A

Mast cells

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9
Q

What do mast cells do

A

Release histamine

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10
Q

What does histamine cause

A

Vasodilation
Increased permeability
Irritation of nerve ending

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11
Q

Which other mediators cause inflammation

A

COX pathway

Lipoxygenase pathway

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12
Q

What does the cox pathway involve

A

Prostaglandins

Thromboxanes

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13
Q

What does the cox pathway result in to cause inflammation

A

Vasodilation

Oedema

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14
Q

What does the lipoxygenase pathway involve

A

Leukotrienes

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15
Q

What does the lipoxygenase pathway result in

A

Increased vascular permeability

Bronchospasm

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16
Q

What drugs can we use to block inflammation

A

Anti histamine
Cox pathway inhibitors
Leukotrienes inhibitors

17
Q

Name a drug that blocks the cox pathway

A

NSAIDS

18
Q

What does vasodilation cause on the skin

A

Erythema

19
Q

What does increased vascular permeability show as

A

Oedema

20
Q

What does cytokines do

A

Heat

21
Q

What does mediators cause

A

Pain

22
Q

Why does vasodilation occur

A

Increases blood flow

23
Q

Why does increased permeability occur

A

To leak plasma proteins into the tissue

24
Q

What can local inflammation lead to

A

Systemic inflammation

25
Q

What is systemic inflammation mediated by

A

Acute phase cytokines

26
Q

Name the acute phase cytokines

A

IL-1
TNF alpha
IL-6

27
Q

Which organs does the acute phase cytokines act on

A 
Endothelium 
Hypothalamus 
Fat and muscle 
Liver 
Bone marrow 
Dendritic cells
28
Q

Which drugs can we use to block the acute phase responce

A

Anti TNF alpha
Anti IL-1
Anti IL-6

29
Q

What happens when there is overproduction of TNF alpha and IL1

A

Septic shock

30
Q

Why do we get septic shock

A

Enormous amounts of vasodilation

Leakage of fluid

31
Q

What is the outcome of acute inflammation

A 
Recovering of infection 
Healing scar formation 
Abscess formation 
Granuloma formation 
Chronic inflammation
32
Q

Why do we get chronic inflammation

A

When the acute inflammation doesn’t resolve

33
Q

What are the acute phase proteins that we measure

A

CRP
C3
Fibrinogen
Ferritin

34
Q

If the CRP is an acute phase protein then what is the role of CRP

A

Opsonise
Activate classical complement pathway
Pathogen recognition

35
Q

When does CRP increase

A

Injury
Inflammation
Infection

36
Q

What is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

The rate at which erythrocytes settle out of unclotted blood in one hour

37
Q

What happens to the ESR in a acute phase

A

Increase

38
Q

Therefore what happens to both the CRP and ESR in an acute phase response

A

both increase

IIH (26 decks)

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