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IIH > L02a: Haematopoiesis > Flashcards

L02a: Haematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the broad groups of blood cells

A

Red blood cells
Platelets
White cells

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2
Q

What are the 2 subgroups of white cells

A

Lymphoid cells

Myeloid cells

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3
Q

What do lymphoid cells involve

A

T cells
B cells
NK cells

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4
Q

What are the 2 subgroup of myeloid cells

A

Monocytes

Granulocytes

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5
Q

What are granulocytes

A

Eosinophil
Basophils
Neutrophil

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6
Q

What happens to monocytes when the migrate to tissue

A

Become macrophages

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7
Q

What is the role of macrophages

A

Engulf pathogen

Cytokine production

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8
Q

What cytokines are produced by macrophages

A

IL-12

IFN gamma

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9
Q

What is the role of neutrophils

A

Engulf and destroy bacteria

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10
Q

What do neutrophils have

A

Granules

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11
Q

What do granules contain

A

Lysosome

Myeloperoxidase

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12
Q

What is the the role of eosinophils

A

Kill pathogen so they have the granules for it bu they do not engulf like neutrophils

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13
Q

Which immune system are lymphocytes involved in

A

Adaptive immune system

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14
Q

Where to T cells develop

A

Thymus

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15
Q

Where do B cells and NK cells develop

A

Bone marrow

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16
Q

What do B cells exit the bone marrow as

A

Naive B cells and then differentiates in the lymph nodes

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17
Q

What are platelets involved in

A

Clotting

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18
Q

How are platelets removed

A

By macrophages in the spleen and liver

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19
Q

Which cells are produced by haemotopoisis but are not measured in the full blood count

A

Dendritic cells

Mast cells

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20
Q

Where are dendritic cells and mast cells found

A

In the tissue

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21
Q

What is haematopoiesis

A

The process of blood cell production

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22
Q

What is haemoatopoisis regulated by

A

Growth factors

Cytokine

23
Q

Where does haemoatopoisis occur in a foetus

A

Yolk Salk then moves the foetal liver

24
Q

Where does haemoatopoisis occur in infants

A

All bones

25
Q

Where does haematopoiesis occur in adults

A

In the axial skeleton known as the red bone marrow

26
Q

Which cell does all cells originate from

A

Stem cells

27
Q

What are the 2 roles of the stem cell

A

Self renewal/ multiply

Give rise to specialised differentiated cells

28
Q

What type of cells are haematopoietic stem cells

A

Multipotent

29
Q

What are the precursors of red cells

A

Reticulocytes

30
Q

What do reticulocytes contain

A

RNA

31
Q

When is erythropoiesis stimualted

A

In hypoxia

32
Q

Which growth hormone controls erythproiesis

A

Erythropoietin

33
Q

Where is erythropoietin made

A

In the kidneys

34
Q

Why are patients with chronic kidney failure anaemic

A

They are not producing enough erythropoietin

35
Q

What are the army progenitors of platelets

A

Megakaryoblasts

36
Q

Which growth hormone regulates platelet production

A

Thrombopoietin

37
Q

Where is TPO made

A

In the liver

38
Q

What happens to progenitor cells to become part of a lineage

A

Committed

39
Q

If we get a stop in development of a cell and the cell reproduces without control what do we get

A

Acute leukaemia

40
Q

What do we get when no negative feedback on haematopoiesis occurs

A

Chronic leukaemia

41
Q

Apart from growth factors what other things control haematopoiesis

A

Transcription factors

42
Q

What do transcription factors work with

A

Growth factors or cytokines

43
Q

What is the growth factor that regulates the production of monocytes and granulocytes

A

G-CSF

44
Q

How can we increase cell count

A

Give them the growth factor of the cell they are reduced in to stimulate the cell production
Transfusion
Stem cell transplant

45
Q

Which growth hormone will be used to treat anaemia

A

EPO

46
Q

When would use G-CSF

A

Prevent infection in neutropenic patients e.g chemotherapy

47
Q

When would we use TPO receptor agonist

A

To treat reduced platelet levels

48
Q

Why can a cell count be low

A

Not being procured by bone marrow

Or destroyed too quickly in the periphery

49
Q

How do we investigate cytopenia

A

Bone marrow biopsy

50
Q

Where is a bone marrow biopsy taken from

A

Iliac crest

51
Q

What are the 2 types of bone marrow biopsy

A

Aspirate

Trephine

52
Q

What is aspirate bone marrow biopsy

A

Extracting a semi liquid bone marrow

53
Q

What is a trephine bone marrow biopsy

A

Obtain a core of bone marrow

IIH (26 decks)

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