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IIH > L16: Activation And Expansion Of T Cells > Flashcards

L16: Activation And Expansion Of T Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Where are naive T cells made

A

In the thymus

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2
Q

How is a naive T cell activated

A

Antigen is presented by the dendritic cell to the naive T cell

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3
Q

How do dendritic cells present the antigen to the naive T cell

A

In MHC complex

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4
Q

Where are naive T cells activated by the dendritic cells

A

In the lymph nodes

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5
Q

Which receptors on the dendritic cell allow it to migrate to the site of infection

A

Chemokine receptor 1,2,5,6

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6
Q

To stop the dendritic cell from migrating to the site of infection and make it migrate it to the Lymph node what happens to the chemokine receptors

A

Chemokine receptors are down regulated

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7
Q

Which receptor switches on to allow the migration of the dendritic cell to the lymph node

A

CCR7

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8
Q

When the dendritic cell reaches the lymph node what changes occur to the dendritic cell

A

1) express MHC molecule with the antigen

2) express co stimulatory molecule called B7

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9
Q

What are the 3 signals that occur when dendritic cells bind to naive T cells so they are activated

A

Signal 1 : activation
Signal 2: survival
Signal 3: differentiation

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10
Q

How does the first signal (activation occur)

A

MHC class 2 on dendritic cell binds to T cell receptor on naive T cell

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11
Q

What happens in the second signal (survival)

A

B7.1 and B7.2 on dendritic cells binds to CD28 on T cells

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12
Q

What is B7.1 and B7.2 also known as

A 
CD80 = B7.1 
CD86= B7.2
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13
Q

What happens in signal 3 (differentiation)

A

Dendritic cells release cytokines of IL-6, IL-12, TGF-BETA, IL-4 which bins to T cells

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14
Q

What do naive T cells differentiate into

A

Effector T cells

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15
Q

What do effector T cells later become if they are retained

A

Memory T cells

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16
Q

Name the types of effector cells

A 
CD8 cytotoxic cells 
CD4 th1 cell
CD4 th2 cells 
CD4th17
TFH
CD4 reg T cells
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17
Q

Which is the only effector T cell that binds to MHC class 1

A

CD8 cytotoxic T cell

18
Q

What type of protein does MHC class 1 present

A

Endogenous protein

19
Q

Name a pathogen that infects the cell intracellularly and therefore is presented on the MHC class 1

A

Viruses

20
Q

What pathogen do CD8 T cells target

A

Viruses

Some intracellular bacteria

21
Q

What is the main function of CD4th1 cells

A

Activate infected macrophages

Help B cells for antibody production

22
Q

Which pathogens do CD4th1 cells target

A

Microbes are present in macrophages

23
Q

What is the main function of CD4 th2 cells

A

Help B cell antibody production especially switching to iGE

24
Q

What pathogen do CD4 TH2 cells target

A

Helminth parasites

25
Q

What is the main function of the TH17 cells

A

Enhance neutrophil responce

26
Q

What does CD4 th17 target

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

Fungi

27
Q

What is the main function of TFH cells

A

B cell isotope switching

Antibody production

28
Q

What pathogen does TFH cells target

A

All types

29
Q

How do CD8 T cells kill an infected cell

A

1) granules in T cell contain perforin and granzymes
2) perforin plugs a hole into the membrane of the infected cell
3) granzymes enter the infected cell to activate opotosis

Or
1) fas ligand binds to fas on target cell that triggers apoptosis

30
Q

Because we have different subtypes of CD4 T cells how do we differentiate different CD4 T cells

A

With the production of different cytokines

31
Q

Which cytokine allow the differentiation of CD4 th1 cells

A

IL-12

32
Q

What cytokine do CD4 th1 cells secrete when they are stimulated by an antigen

A

IFN-gamma

33
Q

What does IFN-gamma do to the differentiation of TH1 cells

A

Enhance it

34
Q

Which cytokine drives the differentiation of TH2 cells

A

IL-4

35
Q

What cytokines do th2 cells secrete

A

IL-4
IL6
IL-13

36
Q

What is the role of IL-4

A

Promote B cell switching to ige

37
Q

Which cytokine stimulates the differentiation of CD4 TH17 cells

A

IL-1beta
IL-6
IL-21
TGF-beta

38
Q

What cytokines do TH17 cells secrete

A

IL-17

39
Q

What cytokine does TH17 not secrete

A

IFN-gamma

40
Q

Which cytokine increases the differentiation of TFH

A

IL-21

IIH (26 decks)

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