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IIH > L18: T And B Cell Co-operation > Flashcards

L18: T And B Cell Co-operation Flashcards

1
Q

What antibodies does naive B cells have on their surface

A

Igm

IgD

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2
Q

What antibodies does activated B cells have on their surface

A

Igg
Ige
Iga

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3
Q

What are the 2 responses that occur when you give someone a vaccination then a booster in a t dependent response

A

Primary response

Secondary response

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4
Q

What happens to the antibody levels in the primary response

A

Increase then decrease a little bit but doesn’t not level back to 0

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5
Q

What happens to the antibody levels in the secondary response

A

Antibody levels increase more and faster

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6
Q

Before immunisation which antibodies are present

A

Igm

Igg

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7
Q

After immunisation which antibodies are more present

A

Igg

Iga

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8
Q

In a vaccination with a t independent response what happen to the antibody levels in the primary response

A

Increase then go back to 0

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9
Q

What happens in the secondary response in a vaccination with t independent response

A

The same thing in the primary response

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10
Q

Which cells activate CD4 T cells

A

Dendritic cells

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11
Q

Which cells activate B cells

A

CD4 T cells

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12
Q

What are the primary lymphoid tissue

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

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13
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid tissue

A

Spleen

Lymph nodes

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14
Q

From which vessels does dendritic cells enter into the lymph node

A

Afferent lymph vessels

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15
Q

From which layer in the lymph node does the adaptive immune response start

A

Para cortex (t zone)

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16
Q

From which vessels does the t and B cells enter from

A

High endothelial vessels

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17
Q

Where are the B cell area follicular dendritic cells

A

In the cortex

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18
Q

What other structures is in the cortex

A

Germinal centre

19
Q

Where does somatic hyper mutation and class switching occur

A

In the germinal centres

20
Q

What are the 2 types of pulp the spleen contains

A

Red pulp

White pulp

21
Q

What does the red pulp contain

A

Red blood cells
Platelets
Macrophages

22
Q

What does the white pulp contain

A

Most lymphocytes

23
Q

What are the zones/layers in the white pulp

A

T zone

Follicle

24
Q

What are in the t done

A

Dendritic cells
T cells
B cells

25
Q

What are in the follicles

A

Germinal centres

26
Q

Which antibodies are produced in the t dependent antibody response

A

Igg
Iga
Ige

27
Q

What are the affinity of the antibodies in t dependent antibody response

A

High affinity

28
Q

What are the main antibodies produced in the t independent response

A

Igm

29
Q

What is the affinity of the antibodies in the t independent response

A

Low

30
Q

At which centre does the t dependent antibody response occur

A

Germinal centre

31
Q

Where does the t independent response occur

A

Outside the follicles

32
Q

What do B cells do when they encounter an antigen

A

1) B cell receptors bind to antigen
2) antigen becomes internalises and degraded into peptide fragments
3) fragments become represented on the MHC class 2
3) MHC class 2 is recognised by CD4 T helper cell

33
Q

How do CD4 follicular T cells become activated

A

When they encounter MHC class 2 on dendritic cells

34
Q

When CD4 follicular T cells are activated what do they recognise

A

MHC class 2 on the B cells

35
Q

What happens to the B cells when they are activated

A

Migrate to the germinal centres in the follicle for a t-dependent response
Or migrate to the extra-follicular for a t- independent response

36
Q

When does the B cell enter the extrafollicular cells for a t-independent response

A

When B cells don’t interact with dendritic cells and t follicular helper cells

37
Q

Which antibodies are produced in the germinal centres

A

Igg
Iga
Ige

38
Q

What are the 2 key processes that occur in the germinal centres

A

Somatic hyper mutation

Class switching

39
Q

Which cells are involved in the germinal centres

A

Centroblasts
Centrocytes
Follicular dendritic cells
Follicular t helper cells

40
Q

What are the 2 zones in the germinal centres

A

Light zone

Dark zone

41
Q

Which zone are centroblasts found in

A

Dark zone

42
Q

Which zone are centrocytes found in

A

Light zone

43
Q

Where are follicular dendritic cells found in

A

The light zone

44
Q

Describe what happens in the t dependent response in the germinal centres

A

1) in the dark zone centroblasts undergo somatic hyper mutation by the AID gene on the v region
2) centroblasts move into the light zone to become centrocytes
3) centrocytes with high affinity interact with the follicular dendritic cells that present antigen on them
4) t follicular helper cells provide signal to the centrocytes
5) centrocytes become plasma cells or memory cells
6) the centrocytes also undergo class swithching by the AID gene which act on the c region
7) immunoglobulin changes to IGG, IGA,IGE
8) plasma cells then release igg,iga ige

IIH (26 decks)

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