L23: Vaccination Flashcards
What are the 4 phases of infection
1) establishment of infection
2) induction of the adaptive responce
3) adaptive immune responce
4) immunological memory
If someone has a vaccination and they have an entry of the micro-organism they are vaccinated against, which phase of infection does vaccine work at
Phase 1: establishment of infection
What happens to the antibodies levels in a t independent response with a vaccination in the primary and secondary response
Primary response: the antibodies rise and then go back to 0
Secondary: with a booster the antibodies rise and then go back to 0 again
What happens to the antibodies in a t-dependent antibody response with a vaccination
Primary response: antibody levels rise but do not go back to 0 due to class swithcing of antibodies igg and iga Secondary response: antibody levels increase further due to Igg increasing
In the primary response of a t-independent reaction which antibody is found the most
Igm
In the secondary response of a t-dependents response which type of antibody is found the most
Igg and iga
In a t-dependent response which antibody is found only
Igm
What causes the creation of igg and iga in the t-dependent response
Class switching
Where does class switching occur
In the germinal centres
If someone has igm in their serum against a particular antigen what does this mean
They have a current infection
Why does levels of IGM in the serum indicate a current infection
Usually the igm will go to 0
What does it mean if someone has igg against a particular antigen in their blood serum
They have been exposed or vaccinated against the antigen
Which antibodies have a high affinity
Igg iga
Why does igg and iga have a higher affinity
They undergo somatic hypermutation in the germinal centres which allows them to develop a high affinity
How effective are vaccines
Has causes a declined in infectious disease
