Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IIH > L11a: Barrier Immunity And Innate Immunity > Flashcards

L11a: Barrier Immunity And Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is your barrier immunity

A

First line of defence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the barrier immunity

A

Any part of the body that is exposed to the outside world with a specialised feature to resist pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the barrier immunity involve

A

Physical barrier

Active barrier defence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the active barrier defence

A

Cilia
Secretions
Anti bacterial peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the barrier of the gut involve

A

Commensal bacteria
Layers of mucous
Epithelial cells
Paneth cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do paneth cells do

A

Secrete anti microbial peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the layer of mucous on top of the epithelial cells do

A

Trap bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do commensal bacteria do

A

Barrier and competitor to pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are commensal bacteria bad/pathogenic

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When a pathogen breaches the barrier which immune system does it come into contact with first

A

Innate immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does the innate immune system have memory

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Does the innate immune system have a high or low specificity

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of response does the innate immune response produce

A

Acute phase response/ inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the acute phase response involve

A

Vasodilation
Increased vascular permeability
Cytokines
Nerve stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does vasodilation cause

A

Erythema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does increased vascular permeability cause

A

Oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does cytokine produce

A

Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does nerve stimulation cause

A

Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is the acute phase response is important

A

Vasodilation and oedema: allow cells migrate to the tissue
Heat: inhibit pathogen growth
Pain: withdraw from insult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the cells of the innate system

A 
Dendritic cells
Macrophages 
Neutrophils 
Basophils 
Eosinophil 
Mast cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the role of dendritic cells and macrophages

A

Present antigen to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the role of macrophages and neutrophils

A

Phagocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the role of granulocytes i.e neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells and basophils

A

Release granules to kill the pathogen

24
Q

What are macrophages involved in

A

Detection and phagocytosis of pathogen

25
Q

What do macrophages originate from

A

Monocytes

26
Q

What is the role of dendritic cells

A

Capture and process antigen into MHC classes to present it to the adaptive immune system

27
Q

Which cells of the adaptive system does dendritic cells present to

A

T cells

28
Q

What are the cells of granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Mast cells
Basophils
Eosinophils

29
Q

Which granulocytes are important for the acute phase response and allergic response

A

Mast cell

Basophils

30
Q

What do granulocytes contain

A

Inflammatory proteins
Toxic enzymes
Oxygen radicals

31
Q

Which receptors recognise the pathogens

A

Pattern recognition receptors (PPRs)

32
Q

Which cells have the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

A

Every innate immune cells

33
Q

What do PRRs recognise on the microbes

A

PAMPs

34
Q

What is the main type of pattern recognition receptor

A

Toll like receptors

35
Q

Where are toll like receptors found

A

On the innate cell surface or inside the cells

36
Q

What happen when PPR recognise PAMPs

A

Stimulation of cytokine production

37
Q

What is the role of cytokine

A

Attract cells to the site of infection or modulate cell activity

38
Q

What are the 3 proteins of the innate system

A

Cytokine
Acute phase proteins
Complement proteins

39
Q

What is the role of acute phase proteins

A

Opsonise or present pathogens to the immune system

40
Q

What is complement

A

Cascade of proteins that opsonise, kill, activate or chemoattract.

41
Q

How to cytokines act to stimulate cells

A

Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocrine

42
Q

What is autocrine

A

Acts on the same cell

43
Q

What is paracrine

A

Acts on nearby cells

44
Q

What is endocrine

A

Acts on distant cells

45
Q

What are the key cytokine families

A 
Interferon 
Chemokine 
Tumour necrosis factor family 
Interleukin family 
Haematopoietins
Transforming growth factor beta family
46
Q

Which proteins are involved in opsonisation

A

Immunoglobulin
Complement
Acute phase proteins

47
Q

What is opsonisation

A

Coating the pathogen and making it visible to the immune system

48
Q

Which cells produce immunoglobulin

A

B cells

49
Q

Which marker is used in the hospital setting to see the inflammation

A

CRP

50
Q

What happens to the speed of phagocytosis when there is multiple opsonisation via multiple proteins

A

Faster rate of opsonisation

51
Q

What is the 3 main ways that we can activate the complement system

A

Classical
Lectin
Alternative

52
Q

What is the classical pathway initiated by

A

Antibody antigen binding

53
Q

What is the lectin pathway initiated by

A

Carbohydrates and sugar

54
Q

What is the alternative pathway initiated by

A

Direct contact with microbial polysaccharide

55
Q

What complement protein does all 3 pathways end up activating

A

C3

56
Q

What happens when the complement is activated

A

Inflammation
Cytolysis via MAC (punching a hole in the microbial membrane)
Opsonisation
Chemotaxis: neutrophil attraction by c5a
Inactivation of complement: to limit damage to host cells

57
Q

Usually where does inactive complement do

A

Circulate in the blood

IIH (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions