L17: B Cell Development And The Functions Of Antibodies Flashcards
What are the chains are antibodies
Heavy chain
Light chain
What is hyper igm syndrome
When there are high levels of igm but low levels of igg, iga, ige
What is the hyper igm syndrome due to
Mutation in the CD40 ligand or AICDA gene
What is the treatment for hyper igm syndrome
Immunoglobulin replacement therapy
Which cells are antibodies derived from
B cells
Where do B cells come from
Bone marrow
Where does negative and positive selection occur in the antibody
Bone marrow
What are the 2 types of light chains
Kappa
Lambda
Which chain has gene rearrangement first
Heavy chain
What are the gene segments of the heavy chain
V
D
J
C
Which B cell are heavy chain present on
Pro-b cell
After heavy chain rearrangement which chain is rearranged
Light chain
Which gene segments of the light chain are rearranged
V
J
C
Which cell is the light chain expressed on
Pre B cell
When both chains are expressed what are they expressed on the immature B cell
Igm
When do B cells mature
When they express igm and IgD
Which enzyme brings the gene segments together in gene rearrangement
RAG enzyme
What are the 2 main responses that allow the production of antibody
T independent antibody response
T dependent antibody response
What type of antibody is made in an t independent antibody response
IgM
What cell does the t dependent antibody responce involve to make antibodies
T cells
What type of antibodies are produced in an t dependent antibody responce
Igm Igg IgD Iga Ige
Which antibody response allows a higher affinity
T dependent antibody response
Which antibody response allows for memory
T dependent antibody response
What are the 5 types of antibodies
Igm IgD Igg Ige Iga
Which type of antibody is present in naive/mature B cells
Igm
IgD
Which antibodies is present in memory B cells
Igg
Which antibody is present on mast cells
Ige
Which antibody is present in the mucosa serum
Iga
Which is the most abundant antibody in the serum
Igg
Which antibodies are involved in activating the complement system by the classical pathway
Igg(1-3)
Igm
Which antibodies are transferred in placenta
Igg (1-3)
Which antibody only binds to mast cells and basophils
Ige
What type of structure does igm have
Pentamer
What type of structure does iga have
Dimer
What structure is an iga in in the blood
Monomer
When does iga become dimerised
When being secreted from the mucosa
Which part of the antigen does antibodies bind to
Epitope
What are the main functions of the antibodies
Immune complex formation Neutralisation Opsonisation Complement activation Direct cell activation by fc receptors Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
How is an immune complex formed
When antibodies cross link antigens to form a cluster
Which cells recognise an immune complex and clear it
Phagocytes
What are phagocytes
Macrophages
Neutrophils
What is neutralisation via antibodies
Antibodies binds to bacterial toxins so that they cannot interact with cell receptors and enter the cell
What is opsonisation via antibodies
Antibodies bind to the pathogen to make it more visible for other immune cells
Which pathway does an antibody/antigen complex activate in the complement system
Classical pathway
What types of pathogen does an antibody bind to activate the classical pathway
Bacteria
Which antibodies are involved in the activation fo the complement
Igg (1-3)
Igm
What is direct cell activation by fc receptors
Antigens cannot bind to fc receptors on macrophages
Antibodies binds to fc receptors on macrophages to activate it
Which part of the antibody binds to the fc receptors
Fc domain
What is the antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
1) antibodies bind to the surface of the target cell
2) fc receptor on NK cell recognise the FC domain of the antibody
3) NK cells release cytokines to the target cell to kill the pathogen by apoptosis
What are the types of antibodies that we can produce in a lab
Monoclonal antibody
Polyclonal antibody
What is the specificity of an monoclonal antibody
Single specificity
What is the specificity of polyclonal antibodies
Many specificity
