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IIH > L17: B Cell Development And The Functions Of Antibodies > Flashcards

L17: B Cell Development And The Functions Of Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the chains are antibodies

A

Heavy chain

Light chain

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2
Q

What is hyper igm syndrome

A

When there are high levels of igm but low levels of igg, iga, ige

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3
Q

What is the hyper igm syndrome due to

A

Mutation in the CD40 ligand or AICDA gene

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4
Q

What is the treatment for hyper igm syndrome

A

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy

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5
Q

Which cells are antibodies derived from

A

B cells

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6
Q

Where do B cells come from

A

Bone marrow

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7
Q

Where does negative and positive selection occur in the antibody

A

Bone marrow

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of light chains

A

Kappa

Lambda

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9
Q

Which chain has gene rearrangement first

A

Heavy chain

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10
Q

What are the gene segments of the heavy chain

A

V
D
J
C

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11
Q

Which B cell are heavy chain present on

A

Pro-b cell

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12
Q

After heavy chain rearrangement which chain is rearranged

A

Light chain

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13
Q

Which gene segments of the light chain are rearranged

A

V
J
C

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14
Q

Which cell is the light chain expressed on

A

Pre B cell

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15
Q

When both chains are expressed what are they expressed on the immature B cell

A

Igm

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16
Q

When do B cells mature

A

When they express igm and IgD

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17
Q

Which enzyme brings the gene segments together in gene rearrangement

A

RAG enzyme

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18
Q

What are the 2 main responses that allow the production of antibody

A

T independent antibody response

T dependent antibody response

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19
Q

What type of antibody is made in an t independent antibody response

A

IgM

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20
Q

What cell does the t dependent antibody responce involve to make antibodies

A

T cells

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21
Q

What type of antibodies are produced in an t dependent antibody responce

A 
Igm
Igg
IgD
Iga
Ige
22
Q

Which antibody response allows a higher affinity

A

T dependent antibody response

23
Q

Which antibody response allows for memory

A

T dependent antibody response

24
Q

What are the 5 types of antibodies

A 
Igm 
IgD
Igg
Ige
Iga
25
Q

Which type of antibody is present in naive/mature B cells

A

Igm

IgD

26
Q

Which antibodies is present in memory B cells

A

Igg

27
Q

Which antibody is present on mast cells

A

Ige

28
Q

Which antibody is present in the mucosa serum

A

Iga

29
Q

Which is the most abundant antibody in the serum

A

Igg

30
Q

Which antibodies are involved in activating the complement system by the classical pathway

A

Igg(1-3)

Igm

31
Q

Which antibodies are transferred in placenta

A

Igg (1-3)

32
Q

Which antibody only binds to mast cells and basophils

A

Ige

33
Q

What type of structure does igm have

A

Pentamer

34
Q

What type of structure does iga have

A

Dimer

35
Q

What structure is an iga in in the blood

A

Monomer

36
Q

When does iga become dimerised

A

When being secreted from the mucosa

37
Q

Which part of the antigen does antibodies bind to

A

Epitope

38
Q

What are the main functions of the antibodies

A 
Immune complex formation 
Neutralisation 
Opsonisation 
Complement activation 
Direct cell activation by fc receptors 
Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
39
Q

How is an immune complex formed

A

When antibodies cross link antigens to form a cluster

40
Q

Which cells recognise an immune complex and clear it

A

Phagocytes

41
Q

What are phagocytes

A

Macrophages

Neutrophils

42
Q

What is neutralisation via antibodies

A

Antibodies binds to bacterial toxins so that they cannot interact with cell receptors and enter the cell

43
Q

What is opsonisation via antibodies

A

Antibodies bind to the pathogen to make it more visible for other immune cells

44
Q

Which pathway does an antibody/antigen complex activate in the complement system

A

Classical pathway

45
Q

What types of pathogen does an antibody bind to activate the classical pathway

A

Bacteria

46
Q

Which antibodies are involved in the activation fo the complement

A

Igg (1-3)

Igm

47
Q

What is direct cell activation by fc receptors

A

Antigens cannot bind to fc receptors on macrophages

Antibodies binds to fc receptors on macrophages to activate it

48
Q

Which part of the antibody binds to the fc receptors

A

Fc domain

49
Q

What is the antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

A

1) antibodies bind to the surface of the target cell
2) fc receptor on NK cell recognise the FC domain of the antibody
3) NK cells release cytokines to the target cell to kill the pathogen by apoptosis

50
Q

What are the types of antibodies that we can produce in a lab

A

Monoclonal antibody

Polyclonal antibody

51
Q

What is the specificity of an monoclonal antibody

A

Single specificity

52
Q

What is the specificity of polyclonal antibodies

A

Many specificity

IIH (26 decks)

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