Introduction Flashcards
Ingestion and mastication
Mouth
Secretes mucus, passageway and facilitates movement of food
Esophagus
Passageway for air, food, fluids
Pharynx
Flap the open and closes to prevent food or fluids entering the trachea
Epiglottis
Breaks down food by churning and mixing to turn bolus into chyme consistency
Stomach
Parts of the Stomach
Lower Esophageal Sphincter (Cardioesophageal sphincter)
Fundus
Body
Pylorus
Pyloric Sphincter
Chemical ingestion
Absorption of nutrients, vitamins, minerals
Small Intestine
Secretes pancreatic enzymes
Pancreas
Breakdown protein
Trypsin
Breakdown of starch
Amylase
Breakdown fats
Lipase
Stores and secretes bile
Gallbladder
Produces bile
Liver
Parts of the Small Intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Ileocecal valve
2 Types of Contractions
Propels contents towards the colon
Peristalsis
2 Types of Contractions
Produces mixing waves that move contents back and forth in a churning motion
Segmentation
Water and Na ion absorption; temporary storage of fecal matter
Large Intestine
2 Types of Colonic secretions
To neutralize
Bicarbonate solution
2 Types of Colonic secretions
Protects the colonic mucosa
Mucus
Amount of saliva being produced in a day
1.5L
Salivary Glands
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
4 Layers of the Stomach
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
4 Layers of the Stomach
Inner
Mucosa
4 Layers of the Stomach
Blood vessels
Submucosa
Bile production in a day
500ml or 0.5L
HCL production in a day
2.4L
Emulsify fats and fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
Gallbladder - Bile
Yellow to green fluid containing bile salts, bile pigments (bilirubin), cholesterol
Bile
Site of Vitamin B12 and bile salt absorption
Ileum
Small fingerlike projections present in the entire lining of the small intestine for absorption of nutrients
Villi
GIT structure that prevents reflux of bacteria to the small intestine
Ileocecal valve
Position of patient for abdominal assessment
Supine with knees flex
To relax the abdominal muscles
What to instruct the patient to do to avoid inaccuracy of results during abdominal assessment?
instruct the patient to void first
