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Anatomy > Integument system > Flashcards

Integument system Flashcards

1
Q

The integument

A

Our skin that covers the body

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2
Q

The integument system

A

Composed of the skin,nails, hair, & glands

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3
Q

_________ is the largest organ & contains epithelial, connective, smooth muscle, & nervous tissue

A

The integument (skin)

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4
Q

What are the two main layers of the skin?

A
  1. Epidermis - which is the uppermost layer
  2. Dermis - which sits under the epidermis
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5
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Loose connective tissue that sits directly below the integument

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6
Q

What are the main functions of the skin?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Prevent dehydration
  3. Metabolism
  4. Secretion/ absorption
  5. Immue protection
  6. Temperature regulation
  7. Senses
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7
Q

Epidermis

A

The uppermost layer of the skin and is composed of epithelial tissues & has five layers

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8
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis?

A
  1. Stratum Basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum Lucidum
  5. Stratum corneum
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9
Q

Stratum Basale layer

A

Is the deepest epidermal layer & contains a single layer of cubodial or columar cells attached to a basement membrane

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of cells found at the stratum basale layer?

A
  1. Keratinocytes - which are most abundant & produce keratin which gives the skin its strength
  2. Melanocytes - produces melanin (which gives us our skin tone & protects us from UV radiation)
  3. Tactile cells - which are cells that when touched releases chemicals to stimulate nerves (ex merkel cells)
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11
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Consist of several layers of keratinocytes where they dont divide & it also contains epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans) which are immune cells that fight infections

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12
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Consist of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes undergoing keratinization - which fill the cell up of keratin & slow begins to die

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13
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Found only in thick skin (in the palms of hands & soles of feet) & contains eleidin proteins which help protect the skin from UV light

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14
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Uppermost layer of the skin (what we see in the mirror) & contain dead cells & makes our skin waterproof

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15
Q

What are the 3 main types of skin variation?

A
  1. Thin & thick skin
  2. Skin color
  3. Skin markings
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16
Q

Thin skin

A

Cover the majority of the body & has only four layers (lacks the stratum lucidum)

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17
Q

Thick skin

A

Covers the palms of hands, soles of feet, & has all five layers (but doesnt have hair)

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18
Q

What are the 3 types of proteins that control skin coloring?

A
  1. Hemoglobin
  2. Melanin
  3. Carotene
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19
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Protein that binds oxygen in red blood cells (turns red)

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20
Q

Melanin

A

Protein produced by melanocytes which produce skin color (like black, brown, etc)

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21
Q

Carotene

A

Yellow-orange pigment obtained from food (like carrots)

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22
Q

What are the four main types of skin markings?

A
  1. Nevus (mole)
  2. Freckles
  3. Hemangioma
  4. Friction ridges
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23
Q

Nevus (mole)

A

Overgrowth of melanocytes

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24
Q

Freckles

A

Result from the overactive melanocytes (not an increase)

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25
Q

Hemangioma

A

Skin discoloration from blood vessel that form tumors

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26
Q

Friction ridges

A

Small ridges that exist in particular regions of the skin (finerprints) & they increase friction which allows us to grab things & walk barefoot

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27
Q

Dermis

A

Sits under the epidermis & contains connective tissue

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28
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A
  1. Papillary layer
  2. Reticular layer
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29
Q

Papillary layer

A

Uppermost area that touches the epidermis & contain dermal papillae which are projection into the epidermal ridges (looks like egg crates)

30
Q

Reticular layer

A

Is the deepest layer of the dermis & contains irregular coneective tissue & collagen fibers

31
Q

Lines of cleavage

A

Parallel aligned bundles of collagen & elastic fibers in the dermis (important because have to cut parallel to them to have fast healing)

32
Q

Striae ( stretch marks)

A

Forms when there is too much stress on the fibers & tears the collagen fiber

33
Q

What two types of fibers are in the lines of cleavage?

A
  1. Collagen fibers - which resist stress
  2. Elastic fibers- allow to stretch & recoil of the skin
34
Q

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis )

A

Lies under the dermis & is not part of the skin & contains the subcutaneous fat which contain adipose tissue

35
Q

Nails

A

Are modification of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis which provide protection to fingers & toes

36
Q

Free edge of the nail

A

Is the white free edge at the nail tip (that you bite or clip off)

37
Q

Nail Plate

A

Surface of the nail

38
Q

Nail body

A

Pinkish section of the nail & contains the lunula which is the white area in our nail

39
Q

Nail root

A

The section of the nail that is under the skin & contains the nail matrix which is where nail grows

40
Q

Nail bed

A

Underneath the nail plate & contains living epidermal cell layers

41
Q

Nail folds

A

Are skin around the nail

42
Q

Eponychium

A

Epidermis extending onto the nail body

43
Q

Hyponychium

A

The thick stratum corneum below the nail

44
Q

____ is found everywhere on the body except palms, soles, lips & other areas

45
Q

What are the different types of hair?

A
  1. Langugo
  2. Vellus
  3. Terminal hair
46
Q

Lanugo hair

A

Is a think colorless downy hair type that is on a third -trisemster fetus

47
Q

Vellus

A

Hair that is lightly pigmented & that replace lanugo hair at birth (found on upper/lower limbs)

48
Q

Terminal hair

A

Replaces vellus & is colored hair (ex eyebrows, eyelashes, etc)

49
Q

What are the function of the hair ?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Facial expression
  3. Retains heat
  4. Senses
  5. Identifications
  6. Responds to chemical signals
50
Q

What are the three zones of the hair structure?

A
  1. Hair bulb
  2. Hair root
  3. Hair shraft
51
Q

Hair bulb

A

Is made up of epithelial cells & is the origin of hair in the dermis

52
Q

Hair papilla

A

Is made up of connective tissue & surrounds the hair bulb

53
Q

Hair Shaft

A

Is the visible part of the hair that extends out from the skin’s surface (the hair we see)

54
Q

Hair Matrix

A

Is adjacent to the hair papilla & where the cell divison occurs

55
Q

Medulla

A

Is the remnant of the matrix that contains keratins

56
Q

Cortex

A

Consist of serval layers of cells that surrounds a newly developed hair

57
Q

Cuticle

A

Is a single cell layer around the cortex tht coats the hair

58
Q

Hair follicle

A

Surround the hair root

59
Q

Arrector pili

A

Are regions of smooth muscle that extends from the hair follicle & also responds to temp & emotions (ex goosebumps)

60
Q

What are the 3 phase of hair growth?

A
  1. Anagen Phase
  2. Catagen phase
  3. Telogen phase
61
Q

Anagen Phase

A

Is an active growth phase that can last from 18 months to 7 years

62
Q

Catagen Phase

A

Is a regression period, where there is no cell division

63
Q

Telogen phase

A

Is a resting phase & the hair sheds

64
Q

Sweat glands

A

Produce Sweat, located in the reticular layer & they have sweat gland duct that transport secretions to the epidermal surface

65
Q

Sweat pore

A

Is the opening on the epidermal surface

66
Q

Merocrine sweat glands

A

Are the most abundant type of sweat glands & produce sweat to the surface of the skin through exocytosis

67
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Release secretion through exocytosis (send them to hair follicles not the surface of the skin) & also has an odor & become active during puberty

68
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Are holocrine glands that produce sebum (an oily, waxy secretion)

69
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

Are modified apocrine glands in the ear canal which secrete cerumen (earwax) to protect the eardrum from forgein particles

70
Q

Mammary glands

A

Are modified apocrine sweat glands in the breast & is functional only in pregant women to produce breastfeeding milk

Anatomy (82 decks)

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