Chapter 24: Lymphatic System (lecture) Flashcards
what is lymph?
interstitial fluid in lymphatic system
parts of the lymph
-blood plasma (minus clotting factors)
significance of lymphatic system
-accumulate without system
-edema
functions of lymphatic system
-drain excess interstitial fluid
-dietary liquids
-immune function
functions of lymphatic vessels
-return excess fluid
-low-pressure system
-contains lymph capillaries
what makes the lymphatic vessels a low-pressure system?
-backflow valves
-thin walls
characteristics of lymphatic capillaries
-close-ended
-.among capillary beds
-one-way entrance valves
-endothelium only
parts of lymphatic capillaries
-lacteal
-small intestine
-dietary lipids
-lipid-soluble vitamins
characteristic of lymphatic vessels
-three tunics
-one-way valves
-attach to nodes
-lymph passes through multiple nodes
how many and what are the lymphatic ducts?
-two
-right lymphatic duct
-thoracic duct
location and parts of the right lymphatic duct
-location: right clavicle
-right subclavian vein and right internal jugular vein
-drainage
where does drainage occur?
-right upper limb
-upper right thorax
-right head
size and parts of the thoracic duct
-largest
-cisterna chyli
-anterior to vertebrae
where does the thoracic duct empty into?
-left subclavian jugular
-left internal jugular
location of the cisterna chyli
L2
definition and function of lymphatic nodules
-clusters of lymphatic cells
-immune function
do lymphatic nodules have connective tissue>
no
definition and function of MALT
-definition: mucosa of digestive, respiratory, genital, and urinary tracts
-function: confront pathogens and Peyer’s patches
location of peyer’s patches
ileum
structure of lymphatic nodule
tonsils
functions and location of tonsils
-functions: trap material & lymphocyte ID
-location: palatine (2), lingual (2), pharyngeal (adenoid) (1)
definition and size of lymph nodes
-clusters of lymphatic cells, bound by capsule
-1-25 mm
functions of lymphatic nodes
-filyter antigens from lymph
-initiate lymphatic response
what happens during the initiation of lymphatic response?
-produces B-lymphocytes
-may become swollen and tender
types of clusters of nodes
-axillary
-cervical
-inguinal
body parts in axillary cluster of nodes
-breast
-axilla
-upper limb
body parts in cervical cluster of nodes
-head
-neck
body parts in inguinal cluster of nodes
-lower limb
-pelvis
characteristics of the lymphatic nodes
-bound by capsule
-divided into internal compartments
what internal compartments are the lymphatic nodules divided into?
trabeculae
significance of nodules of lymphatic cells
core of proliferating B-lymphocytes
types of vessels in lymphatic nodes
-afferent lymphatic vessels
-efferent lymphatic vessels
location of spleen
-abdomen
-left upper quadrant
-ribs 9-11
-convex lateral aspect
-hilum
function of spleen
-immune response
-blood and erythrocyte reservoir
-destroy bacteria, foreign debris
-destroy old erythrocytes & platelets
when does blood and erythrocyte reservoir occur?
released during activity
anatomy of the spleen
-capsule
-trabeculae
-blood supply
-white pulp
-red pulp
what tissue is the capsule made out of?
dense irregular connective tissue
what tissue is the trabeculae made out of?
partitions tissue
where does the blood supply go to from the spleen?
-splenic artery
-splenic vein
characteristics of the white pulp?
-around central artery
-lymphatic cells
-immune function
characteristics of the red pulp?
-between arteries and venous drainage
-splenic sinusoids
-macrophages
-hemolytic & blood storage
-reticular tissue
how can the spleen become damaged?
-severe injury to the ribs
-puncture wounds
-increased abdominal pressure can rupture
-severe hemorrhage and shock
how is the repair process of the spleen?
repair is very difficult
what is required to keep a patient from bleeding to death?
splenectomy
what happens with the loss of a spleen?
-it is not life-threatening
-greater incidence if bacterial infection
what other reticular organs take over functions if the spleen is removed?
-liver
-bone marrow
-lymph nodes
