Chapter 28: Reproductive system (Male reproductive system) (Lecture) SYDNEY Flashcards
Looking at the male reproductive system from an overview perspective what are some features of it?
- Has Testes
- Which contains the gonad to produce male sperm - Has a variety of ducts conducting the sperm
– Epididymis
– Ductus deferens
– Urethra - Has accessory glands
– Seminal vesicle
– Prostate gland
– Bulbourethral gland - Has a penis
__________ is the oval sex organ for males
testis (two, testes -one)
Tesis produce sperm & ____________
Androgens (male hormones) (most common is testosterone)
The testis is located in the ___________
Scrotum
Describe the Scrotum
Its a skin covered sac between thighs ( & the reason for it is because ideal temp for sperm production is 3 degrees celsius lower than body temp)
In the Scrotum what muscle is in the spermatic cord?
Cremasteric muscle
In the Scrotum, what muscle is located in the scrotal wall?
Dartos Muscle
What are the functions of the Cremasteric muscle & Dartos Muscle?
- They relax the testes exposed to elevated temperatures/ can contract and pull testes closer to body wall when cold
-Testis move inferiorly & cool
The testis are divided into __________
Lobules
Each Lobules contains _____________ & what occurs inside them?
Seminiferous tubules (4 in each lobule) & spermatogenesis occurs in them
The walls of the Seminiferous tubules are lined with __________ cells
Sustentacular
(Sertoli) Cells
Sustentacular
(Sertoli) Cells does what?
- Protect & Nourish developing sperms
- Produce the hormone inhibin (which regulates sperm production)
- Acts as a blood test barrier (tight junctions between cells)
___________ cells sit in between the Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells
Interstitial (Leydig)
Cells
Where are Interstitial (Leydig) Cells located?
Outside seminiferous tubules
What is the function of Interstitial (Leydig) Cells?
Secrete Androgen
-Male sex hormones
-E.g. testosterone
-Secondary sex characteristic
Sperm are produce through what process?
Spermatogenesis (process starts at puberty)
What is the structure of sperm?
– Head
* Acrosome cap
* Nucleus
– Midpiece
* Has Mitochondria
– Tail
* Flagellum
–Organized microtubules
Sperm leaves the testis & enters a structure called what?
Epididymis
What is the location of the Epididymis?
Superior & posterior surface of testis
Describe how the Epididymis looks
Comma shaped
(4-5m duct coiled inside)
What is the function of the Epididymis?
stores sperm until it matures
(2-weeks from time of formation in seminiferous tubules)
The Epididymis attaches to the _______________
Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens)
Describe the Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens)
Thicked wall (30-45cm long)
What is the function of the Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens)?
Conducts sperm
- 3 layers of smooth muscle
- Move sperm (not swimming yet)
What path does the Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens) take?
- Spermatic cord
*with testicular a. & w.
*through inguinal canal
– Separates in pelvic
cavity
-Inferior & posterior to bladder
-swells forming ampulla
-joins seminal vesicle
-Ends at prostate gland (ejaculatory duct)
Describe ejaculatory duct & its location
Posterior & superior prostate gland
What is the function of the ejaculatory duct?
From ductus deferens to uretha
What is the location of the Accessory Glands: Seminal Vesicles?
Posterior to the bladder & joins ductus deferens at ejaculatory duct
What is the role of Accessory Glands: Seminal Vesicles?
Secretion of sperm to semen & nourish sperm
Describe the Accessory Glands: Prostate Gland
Its the size of a walnut
What is the location of the Accessory Glands: Prostate Gland?
Inferior to bladder
What is the role of Accessory Glands: Prostate Gland?
Secrition of:
- Citric Acid ( nuritent for sperm)
-Seminalplasmin
(antibiotic fights male UTI)
-Prostate specific antigen
(Enzyme to liquidity semen)
What is the clinical problems of enlarge prostate?
-Difficulty urinating
- Increase prostate -specific -antigen in blood
Describe the Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands)
Its Pea-Shaped
What is the location of the Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands)?
Within urogenital diaphragm
What is the function of the Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands)?
Produces mucin
(Lubricates semen)
What is the definition of the semen?
Its secretion & sperm
What is usually the sperm count in semen?
200-500 million sperm (infertile then under 15 million)
What is the definition of ejaculation?
Expulsion of semen
ejaculation is controlled by what type of muscle?
Smooth muscle
ejaculation is controlled by what?
Sympathetic nervous system
What are the 3 main sections of the penis?
– Corpora Cavernosa (2 of them)
– Corpus Spongiosum (surrounds urethra)
The root of the penis has what?
– Internal
– Bulb
– Crura (leg of the penis,a anchors it)
Glans is the ______ of penis
The tip
The Corpora Cavernosa & Corpus Spongiosum are filled by what type of tissue?
Erectile tissue
Erectile tissue are filled with ___________
Tunica albuginea
_______ spaces are the spaces in the erectile tissue
Venous spaces
Blood comes into erectile tissue through _________ arteriole
Central arteriole
What is the function of the erectile tissue?
Fills with blood
-Compresses veins
-Becomes rigid
The erectile tissue becomes rigid & stimulated under the _____________ system
Parasympathetic
(Innervation)
