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Anatomy > Chapter 16, 17, & 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 16, 17, & 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps in preparation of action?

A
  1. Energy from glycogen
  2. increased muscie tonas
  3. increased heart rate
  4. Inhibition of non- ertical systems
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2
Q

Parasympathetic Division does what?

A

Brings body to homeostasis

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of the Preganglionic Motor Neurons?

A
  1. Origins
  2. Vagus Nerve (CN X)
  3. Axons not branched
  4. Synapse
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4
Q

What are the two ganglia in the synapse?

A
  1. Terminal ganglia
  2. Intramural ganglia
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5
Q

Terminal ganglia is __________ to an organ

A

Close to organ

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6
Q

Intramural ganglia is _______ organ

A

Inside organ

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7
Q

Postganglionic Motor Neurons are ________ pathways

A

Short

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8
Q

What are the Preganglionic Motor Neurons?

A
  1. Thoracolumbar (& sacral) origin
  2. Autonomic ganglion
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9
Q

What is the location Sympathetic Trunk Ganglia?

A

Lateral to vetebral column

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10
Q

Sympathetic Trunk Ganglia is linked to what?

A

Rami communicates

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11
Q

Prevertebral Ganglia is unpaired, anterior to vertebrae, contains unpaired branches of aorta, and is _____________ ganglia

A

Sympathetic

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12
Q

Postganglionic Motor Neurons are ____________ pathways

A

Long

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13
Q

The Sympathetic Division is involved in Mass Activation and responsible for our _____________ response

A

Flight or fight response

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14
Q

What type of sensory is in the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Visceral sensory

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15
Q

What are the two types of Autonomic Motor Neurons?

A
  1. Preganglionic neuron
  2. Autonomic Ganalion
  3. Postganglionic Neuron
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16
Q

Autonomic Nervous System has what two types of cells?

A
  1. Preganglionic cells
  2. Postganglionic cells
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17
Q

Why does it have two types of cells?

A

more connections

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18
Q

Why does it have two types of cells?

A

more connections

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19
Q

What is the function Sympathetic Division?

A

prepares body for emergencies

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20
Q

Sciatic Nerve innervates what part of the body and what type of branches?

A

posterior thigh, leg, foot and contains Tibial nerve as its braches

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21
Q

Our reflexes Rapid, ___________ reactions and typically protective by bypassing complies processing. It also contains the reflex arc

A

involuntary

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22
Q

What is the definition of Reflex Arc?

A

Neural Pathway of a single reflex

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23
Q

What are the roots in the Lumbar Plexus?

A

L1 -L4

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24
Q

Lumbar Plexus innverates what?

A

Lower Limb and inferior abdominou wall

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25
Q

What nerve is in the lumbar plexus?

A

Femoral nerve

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26
Q

What is the femoral nerve motor & sensory functions?

A

Motor: Anterior thigh musches

Sensory: Cutaneous thign à medial leg

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27
Q

Sacral Plexus is located __________

A

Anterior to sacrum In true peivis

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28
Q

Sacral Plexus innverates what and it’s Innervation happen where?

A

Innverates Peivis and Perineum it’s innervation occur at Anterior neck muscles, Skin of neck head, and shoulders

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29
Q

What type of nerve is in the Sacral Plexus?

A

Phrenic nerves (C3, C4, C5)

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30
Q

What is the destination of Phrenic nerves?

A

pericardium & diaphragm

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31
Q

Brachial Plexus innervations occur where?

A

upper limb and pectoral girdle

32
Q

What type of nerves are in the Brachial Plexus?

A

Terminal Nerves

33
Q

The Terminal Nerves contains what three types of sub nerves?

A
  1. Musculocutaneous n.
  2. Median n.
  3. Ulnar n.
34
Q

What is the clinical example of brachial plexus?

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Median n. And Carpal Tunne and has 1 Coccygeal)

35
Q

What are Dermatomes?

A

Segment of skin innervated by a spiral nerve

36
Q

Dermatomes can be mapped how?

A

Nerve clamage

37
Q

What is the clinical example of Dermatomes?

A

Heart attack (T1-Ts dermatome)

38
Q

What is the definition of Nerve Plexuses?

A

neurons from multiple spinal nerves

39
Q

How does the nerve plexuses minimize damage?

A

Total innervation loss to an organ /muscle requires damage to multipie segments

40
Q

_________ plexus is located in the neck and it’s vaccine was created in 1950

A

Cervical Plexus

41
Q

What are the roots of the Cervical Plexus?

A

C1-C4

42
Q

How is the spinal nerve branches positioned?

A

Lateral to Intervertebral Foramen

43
Q

What are the 3 parts to the spinal nerve branches?

A
  1. Rami
  2. Anterior rami
  3. Rami communicates
44
Q

Ram contains _________ which is thin & contains skin & deep muscles associated w/ vertebrae

A

Posterior rami

45
Q

_________ ram is large & associates with most structures such as Trunk, Limbs, etc

A

Anterior rami

46
Q

___________ is part of the spinal nerve branches and associated with autonomic nervous system

A

Rami communicates

47
Q

What is the destination of the Rami communicates?

A

Sympathetic trunk gargila

48
Q

What is the Distribution of Spinal Nerves?

A

• 8 Cervical
• 12 Thoracic
• 5 Lumbar
• 5 Sacral

49
Q

Gray Matter contains what type of horns?

A
  1. Posterior Horns
  2. Anterior Horns
50
Q

What type of tissue does posterior horn has?

A

Sensory neurons

51
Q

What type of tissue does anterior horn has?

A

motor neurons

52
Q

__________ are autonomic motor neurons

A

Lateral Horns

53
Q

How many pairs are within the spinal nerve?

A

31 pairs

54
Q

What type of roots are in the spinal nerve?

A
  1. Posterior (Dorsal) Root
  2. Anterior Root
55
Q

What is the description of the posterior (dorsal) root?

A

Sensory axons onIy

56
Q

___________ ganglion is is located in the posterior (dorsal) root

A

Dorsal root

57
Q

What is the description of the dorsal root ganglion?

A

Cell badies of sensory neurons

58
Q

_______ are just axons of motor neurons and contain Cell bodies in anterior horn of gray matter

A

Anterior Root

59
Q

What is a clinical examples of spinal nerve ?

A

Polio

60
Q

What are some aspects of Polio?

A

• Gastrointestinal disease
• Passed through fecal matter
• Secondarily causes paralysis

61
Q

Polio occurs in __________ individuals and also causes meningitis and attacks ventral horn neurons

A

Older

62
Q

_________ is the Brain -body link but is also independent from the brain

A

Spinal cord

63
Q

The spinal cord is from skull to ______ in adults

A

L1

64
Q

What is the location of the spinal cord?

A

Vetebral canal

65
Q

What are the structures in the spinal cord?

A
  1. Conus Medullaris
  2. Cauda Equna
  3. Filum Terminale
66
Q

What is the description of Conus Medullaris?

A

End of spinal cord

67
Q

What is the location of the End of spinal cord?

A

Tapering to point

68
Q

What is the definition of Cauda Equina?

A

Horses tail

69
Q

What is the composition of Cauda Equina?

A

Nerve root

70
Q

What is the function of the Filum Terminale?

A

Anchors spinal cord to coccyx

71
Q

_________ is a Continuation of cranial meninges

A

Meninges

72
Q

What are the different parts of the meninges?

A
  • Epidural space
  • Dura mater
  • Subdural space
  • Arachnoid mater
  • Subarachnoid space
  • Pia mater
73
Q

What are the feature & function of the Pia mater?

A

Feature: denticulate ligaments
Function: Support spinal cord

74
Q

_________ is located in Subarachnoid space, between vertebrae, flexed vertebral column (L3 & L4 or L4 & L5)

A

Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)

75
Q

What is the reasoning for why the Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap) is located where it is?

A

Least likelihood of damage
- Cauda equina

76
Q

What is the purpose of the Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)?

A

Sample CSF

77
Q

What are the contents of the central canal?

A

Contains CSF and remnant of embryonic nebral canal

Anatomy (82 decks)

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